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Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Fuel Injection on the Cycle-to-Cycle Variation of the In-Cylinder Flow in a Direct-Injection Engine Using High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement
Abstract:
In a direct-injection (DI) engine, the in-cylinder flow is complex. Fluctuations
of DI and in-cylinder flow, and the relationships between those fluctuations,
are considered to affect the cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) of combustion.
However, neither the relationship between the injection conditions and the CCV
of the in-cylinder flow nor the effect of the in-cylinder tumble flow on the
spray has been clarified in detail. In this study, a single-cylinder optical
engine was used to perform high spatial resolution particle image velocimetry
(PIV) measurements and to photograph spray behavior throughout the cylinder. The
spray timing was changed to investigate the timing’s effects on the in-cylinder
flow, the CCV, and tumble vortex center behavior. The penetration length was
calculated from the spray images and compared with the PIV measurement
results.
The PIV results showed that the behavior of the bulk flow in the cylinder, the
position of the center of the tumble vortex, and the CCV of the velocity changed
depending on the presence or absence of DI and the injection timing. The overall
trend was that the shorter the time elapsed after injection, the stronger the
effect on the in-cylinder flow remained. The results of spray imaging revealed
that the ambient flow velocity affected the direct spray at the time of
injection when the flow velocity was high in the spray direction and that the
spray extended faster. In addition to the advantage of the longer diffusion
time, the fast in-cylinder flow in the same direction as the direct jet did not
cause much momentum exchange with the spray, while making it easier for the
spray to diffuse throughout.