Open Access

Knock: A Century of Research

Journal Article
03-15-01-0004
ISSN: 1946-3936, e-ISSN: 1946-3944
Published July 28, 2021 by SAE International in United States
Knock: A Century of Research
Sector:
Citation: Corrigan, D. and Fontanesi, S., "Knock: A Century of Research," SAE Int. J. Engines 15(1):57-127, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/03-15-01-0004.
Language: English

References

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  167. Sawamoto , K. , Kawamura , Y. , Kita , T. , and Matsushita , K. Individual Cylinder Knock Control by Detecting Cylinder Pressure SAE Technical Paper 871911 1987 https://doi.org/10.4271/871911
  168. Amann , C.A. Classical Combustion Diagnostics for Engine Research SAE Technical Paper 850395 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/850395
  169. Amann , C. Cylinder-Pressure Measurement and Its Use in Engine Research SAE Technical Paper 852067 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/852067
  170. McNally , M.J. , Benson , J.D. , Callison , J.C. , Graham , J.P. et al. Coordinating Research Council Quantifying Performance of Knock-Sensor Equipped Vehicles with Varying Octane Level Fuels SAE Technical Paper 892037 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/892037
  171. Sutton , D.L. and Williams , D. Knock Protection—Future Fuels and Engines SAE Technical Paper 841289 1984 https://doi.org/10.4271/841289
  172. By , A. , Kempinski , B. , and Rife , J.M. Knock in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 810147 1981 https://doi.org/10.4271/810147
  173. Leppard , W.R. Individual-Cylinder Knock Occurrence and Intensity in Multicylinder Engines SAE Technical Paper 820074 1982 https://doi.org/10.4271/820074
  174. Chun , K.M. and Heywood , J.B. Characterization of Knock in a Spark-Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 890156 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890156
  175. Iwata , T. , Sakakibara , K. , and Haragucti , H. A New Method to Automatically Optimize the Knock Detection Level in the Knock Control System SAE Technical Paper 891964 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/891964
  176. Lee , W. and Schaefer , H.J. Analysis of Local Pressures, Surface Temperatures and Engine Damages under Knock Conditions SAE Technical Paper 600140 1983 https://doi.org/10.4271/830508
  177. Nakagawa , Y. , Takagi , Y. , Itoh , T. , and Iijima , T. Laser Shadowgraphic Analysis of Knocking in S.I. Engine SAE Technical Paper 845001 1984 https://doi.org/10.4271/845001
  178. Najt , P.M. Evaluating Threshold Knock with a Semi-Empirical Model—Initial Results SAE Technical Paper 872149 1987 https://doi.org/10.4271/872149
  179. Spicher , U. and Kollmeier , H.-P. Detection of Flame Propagation During Knocking Combustion by Optical Fiber Diagnostics SAE Technical Paper 861532 1986 https://doi.org/10.4271/861532
  180. Checkel , M.D. and Dale , J.D. Computerized Knock Detection from Engine Pressure Records SAE Technical Paper 860028 1986 https://doi.org/10.4271/860028
  181. Ando , H. , Takemura , J. , and Koujina , E. A Knock Anticipating Strategy Basing on the Real-Time Combustion Mode Analysis SAE Technical Paper 890882 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890882
  182. Harrington , J.A. Water Addition to Gasoline-Effect on Combustion, Emissions, Performance, and Knock SAE Technical Paper 820314 1982 https://doi.org/10.4271/820314
  183. Klimstra , J. The Knock Severity Index - A Proposal for a Knock Classification Method SAE Technical Paper 841335 1984 https://doi.org/10.4271/841335
  184. Iwashita , Y. and Saito , A. Observation of Knock Using a High Speed Shutter TV Camera System SAE Technical Paper 831696 1983 https://doi.org/10.4271/831696
  185. Hayashi , T. , Taki , M. , Kojima , S. , and Kondo , T. Photographic Observation of Knock with a Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine SAE Technical Paper 841336 1984 https://doi.org/10.4271/841336
  186. Takagi , Y. , Itoh , T. , and Iijima , T. An Analytical Study on Knocking Heat Release and Its Control in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 880196 1988 https://doi.org/10.4271/880196
  187. Sakai , H. , Noguchi , H. , Kawauchi , M. , and Kanesaka , H. A New Type of Miller Supercharging System for High-Speed Engines - Part 1 Fundamental Considerations and Application to Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 851522 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/851522
  188. Schäpertöns , H. and Lee , W. Multidimensional Modelling of Knocking Combustion in SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 850502 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/850502
  189. Zeldovich , Y. Regime Classification of an Exothermic Reaction with Nonuniform Initial Conditions Combustion and Flame 39 2 1980 211 214
  190. Oppenheim , A.K. The Knock Syndrome—Its Cures and Its Victims SAE Technical Paper 841339 1984 https://doi.org/10.4271/841339
  191. Oppenheim , A. Dynamic Features of Combustion Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A 315 1985 471 508
  192. Maly , R. and Ziegler , G. Thermal Combustion Modeling — Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Knocking Process SAE Technical Paper 820759 1982 https://doi.org/10.4271/820759
  193. Cuttler , D. and Girgis , N. Photography of Combustion During Knocking Cycles in Disc and Compact Chambers SAE Technical Paper 880195 1988 https://doi.org/10.4271/880195
  194. Witze , P.O. , Martin , J.K. , and Borgnakke , C. Measurements and Predictions of the Precombustion Fluid Motion and Combustion Rates in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 831697 1983 https://doi.org/10.4271/831697
  195. Gosman , A.D. , Tsui , Y.Y. , and Vafidis , C. Flow in a Model Engine with a Shrouded Valve—A Combined Experimental and Computational Study SAE Technical Paper 850498 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/850498
  196. Kent , J.C. , Mikulec , A. , Rimal , L. , Adamczyk , A. et al. Observations on the Effects of Intake-Generated Swirl and Tumble on Combustion Duration SAE Technical Paper 892096 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/892096
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  198. Otobe , Y. , Goto , O. , Miyano , H. , Kawamoto , M. et al. Honda Formula One Turbo-Charged V-6 1.5L Engine SAE Technical Paper 890877 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890877
  199. Maly , R.R. , Klein , R. , Peters , N. , and Konig , G. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Knock Induced Surface Destruction SAE Technical Paper 900025 1990 https://doi.org/10.4271/900025
  200. Konig , G. and Sheppard , C.G.W. End Gas Autoignition and Knock in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 902135 1990 https://doi.org/10.4271/902135
  201. König , G. , Maly , R.R. , Bradley , D. , Lau , A.K.C. et al. Role of Exothermic Centres on Knock Initiation and Knock Damage SAE Technical Paper 902136 1990 https://doi.org/10.4271/902136
  202. Herweg , R. and Maly , R.R. A Fundamental Model for Flame Kernel Formation in S. I. Engines SAE Technical Paper 922243 1992 https://doi.org/10.4271/922243
  203. Pan , J. , Sheppard , C.G.W. , Tindall , A. , Berzins , M. et al. End Gas Inhomogeneity, Autoignition and Knock SAE Technical Paper 982616 1998 https://doi.org/10.4271/982616
  204. Spicher , U. , Kröger , H. , and Ganser , J. Detection of Knocking Combustion Using Simultaneously High-Speed Schlieren Cinematography and Multi Optical Fiber Technique SAE Technical Paper 912312 1991 https://doi.org/10.4271/912312
  205. Westbrook , C.K. , Pitz , W.J. , and Leppard , W.R. The Autoignition Chemistry of Paraffinic Fuels and Pro-Knock and Anti-Knock Additives: A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Study SAE Technical Paper 912314 1991 https://doi.org/10.4271/912314
  206. Ronney , P. , Shoda , M. , Waida , S. , Westbrook , C. et al. Knock Characteristics of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels in Lean Mixtures SAE Technical Paper 912311 1991 https://doi.org/10.4271/912311
  207. Brussovansky , S. , Heywood , J.B. , and Keck , J.C. Predicting the Effects of Air and Coolant Temperature, Deposits, Spark Timing and Speed on Knock in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 922324 1992 https://doi.org/10.4271/922324
  208. Nakano , M. , Nakahara , S. , Akihama , K. , Kubo , S. et al. Predictions of the Knock Onset and the Effects of Heat Release Pattern and Unburned Gas Temperature on Torque at Knock Limit in S.I. Engines SAE Technical Paper 952408 1995 https://doi.org/10.4271/952408
  209. Blunsdon , C.A. and Dent , J. The Simulation of Autoignition and Knock in a Spark Ignition Engine with Disk Geometry SAE Technical Paper 940524 1994 https://doi.org/10.4271/940524
  210. Kalghatgi , G.T. , Snowdon , P. , and McDonald , C.R. Studies of Knock in a Spark Ignition Engine with “CARS” Temperature Measurements and Using Different Fuels SAE Technical Paper 950690 1995 https://doi.org/10.4271/950690
  211. Shoji , H. , Saima , A. , and Shiino , K. Simultaneous Measurement of Light Emission and Absorption Behavior of Unburned Gas During Knocking Operation SAE Technical Paper 932754 1993 https://doi.org/10.4271/932754
  212. Golombok , M. , Kalghatgi , G.T. , and Tindall , A. Heat Release and Knock in Paraffinic and Aromatic Fuels and the Effect of an Ashless Anti-knock Additive SAE Technical Paper 952405 1995 https://doi.org/10.4271/952405
  213. Kaneyasu , M. , Kurihara , N. , Katogi , K. , and Tokuda , H. Engine Knock Detection Using Multi-Spectrum Method SAE Technical Paper 920702 1992 https://doi.org/10.4271/920702
  214. Samimy , B. , Rizzoni , G. , and Leisenring , K.C. Improved Knock Detection by Advanced Signal Processing SAE Technical Paper 950845 1995 https://doi.org/10.4271/950845
  215. Scholl , D. , Russ , S. , and Stockhausen , W. Detection of Spark Knock Oscillations: Dependence on Combustion Temperature SAE Technical Paper 970038 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970038
  216. Burgdorf , K. and Karlström , A. Using Multi-Rate Filter Banks to Detect Internal Combustion Engine Knock SAE Technical Paper 971670 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/971670
  217. Burgdorf , K. and Denbratt , I. Comparison of Cylinder Pressure Based Knock Detection Methods SAE Technical Paper 972932 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/972932
  218. Burgdorf , K. A Contribution to Knock Statistics SAE Technical Paper 982475 1998 https://doi.org/10.4271/982475
  219. Burgdorf , K. and Chomiak , J. A New Knock Form - An Experimental Study SAE Technical Paper 982589 1998 https://doi.org/10.4271/982589
  220. Stiebels , B. , Schreiber , M. , and Sakak , A.S. Development of a New Measurement Technique for the Investigation of End-Gas Autoignition and Engine Knock SAE Technical Paper 960827 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/960827
  221. Liiva , P.M. , Valentine , J.N. , Cobb , J.M. , and Acker , W.P. Use of Multiple Pressure Transducers to Find In-Cylinder Knock Location SAE Technical Paper 922368 1992 https://doi.org/10.4271/922368
  222. Gschweitl , K. , Gotthard , E. , and Kampitsch , A. Real Time Knock Analysis for Automatic Engine Mapping and Calibration SAE Technical Paper 942399 1994 https://doi.org/10.4271/942399
  223. Grandin , B. , Ångström , H.-E. , Stålhammar , P. , and Olofsson , E. Knock Suppression in a Turbocharged SI Engine by Using Cooled EGR SAE Technical Paper 982476 1998 https://doi.org/10.4271/982476
  224. Ueda , T. , Okumura , T. , Sugiura , S. , and Kojima , S. Effects of Squish Area Shape on Knocking in a Four-Valve Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1494 1999 https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1494
  225. Goto , T. , Hatamura , K. , Takizawa , S. , Hayama , N. et al. Development of V6 Miller Cycle Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 940198 1994 https://doi.org/10.4271/940198
  226. Hitomi , M. , Sasaki , J. , Hatamura , K. , and Yano , Y. Mechanism of Improving Fuel Efficiency by Miller Cycle and Its Future Prospect SAE Technical Paper 950974 1995 https://doi.org/10.4271/950974
  227. Ueda , N. , Sakai , H. , Iso , N. , and Sasaki , J. A Naturally Aspirated Miller Cycle Gasoline Engine - Its Capability of Emission, Power and Fuel Economy SAE Technical Paper 960589 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/960589
  228. Iwamoto , Y. , Noma , K. , Nakayama , O. , Yamauchi , T. et al. Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine SAE Technical Paper 970541 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970541
  229. Harada , J. , Tomita , T. , Mizuno , H. , Mashiki , Z. et al. Development of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 970540 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970540
  230. Yang , J. and Anderson , R.W. Fuel Injection Strategies to Increase Full-Load Torque Output of a Direct-Injection SI Engine SAE Technical Paper 980495 1998 https://doi.org/10.4271/980495
  231. Anderson , W. , Yang , J. , Brehob , D.D. , Vallance , J.K. et al. Understanding the Thermodynamics of Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Combustion Systems: An Analytical and Experimental Investigation SAE Technical Paper 962018 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/962018
  232. Willand , J. , Nieberding , R.-G. , Vent , G. , and Enderle , C. The Knocking Syndrome - Its Cure and Its Potential SAE Technical Paper 982483 1998 https://doi.org/10.4271/982483
  233. Töpfer , G. , Reissing , J. , Weimar , H.-J. , and Spicher , U. Optical Investigation of Knocking Location on S.I.-Engines with Direct-Injection SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0252 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0252
  234. Philipp , H. , Hirsch , A. , Baumgartner , M. , Fernitz , G. et al. Localization of Knock Events in Direct Injection Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1199 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1199
  235. Westin , F. , Grandin , B. , and Ångström , H.-E. The Influence of Residual Gases on Knock in Turbocharged SI-Engines SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2840 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2840
  236. Stenlåås , O. , Einewall , P. , Egnell , R. , and Johansson , B. Measurement of Knock and Ion Current in a Spark Ignition Engine with and without NO Addition to the Intake Air SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0639 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0639
  237. Burluka , A.A. , Liu , K. , Sheppard , C. , Smallbone , A.J. et al. The Influence of Simulated Residual and NO Concentrations on Knock Onset for PRFs and Gasolines SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2998 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2998
  238. Grandin , B. and Denbratt , I. The Effect of Knock on Heat Transfer in SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0238 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0238
  239. Grandin , B. , Denbratt , I. , Bood , J. , Brackmann , C. et al. Heat Release in the End-Gas Prior to Knock in Lean, Rich and Stoichiometric Mixtures With and Without EGR SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0239 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0239
  240. Gogan , A. , Sundén , B. , Lehtiniemi , H. , and Mauss , F. Stochastic Model for the Investigation of the Influence of Turbulent Mixing on Engine Knock SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2999 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2999
  241. Sjöberg , M. and Dec , J.E. Effects of Engine Speed, Fueling Rate, and Combustion Phasing on the Thermal Stratification Required to Limit HCCI Knocking Intensity SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2125 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2125
  242. Aleiferis , P.G. , Taylor , A.M.K.P. , Whitelaw , J.H. , Ishii , K. et al. Cyclic Variations of Initial Flame Kernel Growth in a Honda VTEC-E Lean-Burn Spark-Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1207 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1207
  243. Zhao , F. , Harrington , D.L. , and Lai , M.D. Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines Warrendale, PA SAE International 2002 978-0-7680-0882-1
  244. Yi , J. , Wooldridge , S. , Coulson , G. , Hilditch , J. et al. Development and Optimization of the Ford 3.5L V6 EcoBoost Combustion System SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 2009 1388 1407 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1494
  245. Bradley , D. , Morley , C. , Gu , X.J. , and Emerson , D.R. Amplified Pressure Waves During Autoignition: Relevance to CAI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2868 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2868
  246. Eng , J.A. Characterization of Pressure Waves in HCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2859 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2859
  247. Bradley , D. and Kalghatgi , G. Influence of Autoignition Delay Time Characteristics of Different Fuels on Pressure Waves and Knock in Reciprocating Engines Combustion and Flame 156 12 2009 2307 2318
  248. Hyvönen , J. , Haraldsson , G. , and Johansson , B. Operating Conditions Using Spark Assisted HCCI Combustion During Combustion Mode Transfer to SI in a Multi-Cylinder VCR-HCCI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0109 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0109
  249. Urushihara , T. , Yamaguchi , K. , Yoshizawa , K. , and Itoh , T. A Study of a Gasoline-Fueled Compression Ignition Engine - Expansion of HCCI Operation Range Using SI Combustion as a Trigger of Compression Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0180 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0180
  250. Suzuki , T. , Ohara , H. , Kakishima , A. , Yoshida , K. et al. A Study of Knocking Using Ion Current and Light Emission SAE Technical Paper 2003-32-0038 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-32-0038
  251. Hirooka , H. , Mori , S. , and Shimizu , R. Effects of High Turbulence Flow on Knock Characteristics SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0977 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0977
  252. Shinagawa , T. , Okumura , T. , Furuno , S. , and Kim , K.-O. Effects of Hydrogen Addition to SI Engine on Knock Behavior SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1851 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1851
  253. Zhang , Z. and Tomota , E. A New Diagnostic Method of Knocking in a Spark-Ignition Engine Using the Wavelet Transform SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1801 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1801
  254. Carstens-Behrens , S. , Urlaub , M. , Böhme , J.F. , Förster , J. et al. FEM Approximation of Internal Combustion Chambers for Knock Investigations SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0237 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0237
  255. Noubari , H.A. and Dumont , G.A. Towards an Improved Knock Detection and Quantification Using Wavelets and Entropy-Based Noise Compensation SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2269 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2269
  256. Borg , J.M. , Saikalis , G. , Oho , S. , and Cheok , K.C. Knock Signal Analysis Using the Discrete Wavelet Transform SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0226 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0226
  257. Borg , J.M. and Alkidas , A.C. Characterization of Autoignition in a Knocking SI Engine Using Heat Release Analysis SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3341 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3341
  258. Worret , R. , Bernhardt , S. , Schwarz , F. , and Spicher , U. Application of Different Cylinder Pressure Based Knock Detection Methods in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1668 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1668
  259. Corti , E. and Moro , D. Knock Indexes Thresholds Setting Methodology SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1508 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1508
  260. Hettinger , A. and Kulzer , A. A New Method to Detect Knocking Zones SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0698 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0698
  261. Cavina , N. , Corti , E. , Minelli , G. , Moro , D. et al. Knock Indexes Normalization Methodologies SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-2998 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2998
  262. Naber , J. , Blough , J.R. , Frankowski , D. , Goble , M. et al. Analysis of Combustion Knock Metrics in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0400 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0400
  263. Mittal , V. , Revier , B.M. , and Heywood , J.B. Phenomena that Determine Knock Onset in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0007 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0007
  264. Abhijit , A. and Naber , J. Ionization Signal Response during Combustion Knock and Comparison to Cylinder Pressure for SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0981 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0981
  265. Zhu , G.G. , Haskara , I. , and Winkelman , J. Stochastic Limit Control and Its Application to Knock Limit Control Using Ionization Feedback SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0018 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0018
  266. Castagné , M. , Dumas , J.P. , Henriot , S. , Lafossas , F.A. et al. New Knock Localization Methodology for SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1118 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1118
  267. Rothe , M. , Heidenreich , T. , Spicher , U. , and Schubert , A. Knock Behavior of SI-Engines: Thermodynamic Analysis of Knock Onset Locations and Knock Intensities SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0225 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0225
  268. Kalghatgi , G. Fuel Anti-Knock Quality - Part I. Engine Studies SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-3584 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3584
  269. Kalghatgi , G.T. Fuel Anti-Knock Quality - Part II. Vehicle Studies - How Relevant Is Motor Octane Number (MON) in Modern Engines? SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-3585 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3585
  270. Mittal , V. and Heywood , J.B. The Shift in Relevance of Fuel RON and MON to Knock Onset in Modern SI Engines Over the Last 70 Years SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2622 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2622
  271. Milpied , J. , Jeuland , N. , Plassat , G. , Guichaous , S. et al. Impact of Fuel Properties on the Performances and Knock Behaviour of a Downsized Turbocharged DI SI Engine - Focus on Octane Numbers and Latent Heat of Vaporization SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0324 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0324
  272. Nakama , K. , Kusaka , J. , and Daisho , Y. Effect of Ethanol on Knock in Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 2008-32-0020 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-32-0020
  273. Topinka , J.A. , Gerty , M.D. , Heywood , J.B. , and Keck , J.C. Knock Behavior of a Lean-Burn, H2 and CO Enhanced, SI Gasoline Engine Concept SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0975 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0975
  274. Swarts , A. , Yates , A. , Viljoen , C. , and Coetzer , R. Standard Knock Intensity Revisited: Atypical Burn Rate Characteristics Identified in the CFR Octane Rating Engine SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1850 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1850
  275. Elmqvist , C. , Lindström , F. , Ångström , H.-E. , Grandin , B. et al. Optimizing Engine Concepts by Using a Simple Model for Knock Prediction SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3123 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3123
  276. Noda , T. , Hasegawa , K. , Kubo , M. , and Itoh , T. Development of Transient Knock Prediction Technique by Using a Zero-Dimensional Knocking Simulation with Chemical Kinetics SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0618 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0618
  277. Yates , A.D.B. , Swarts , A. , and Viljoen , C.L. Correlating Auto-Ignition Delays and Knock-Limited Spark-Advance Data for Different Types of Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2083 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2083
  278. Mehl , M. , Faravelli , T. , Ranzi , E. , Lucchini , T. et al. Kinetic Modeling of Knock Properties in Internal Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3239 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3239
  279. D’Errico , G. , Lucchini , T. , Onorati , A. , Mehl , M. et al. Development and Experimental Validation of a Combustion Model with Detailed Chemistry for Knock Predictions SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0938 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0938
  280. Bozza , F. , Siano , D. , and Torella , E. Cycle-by-Cycle Analysis, Knock Modeling and Spark-Advance Setting of a “Downsized” Spark-Ignition Turbocharged Engine SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0020 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-24-0020
  281. Hattrell , T. , Sheppard , C.G.W. , Burluka , A.A. , Neumeister , J. et al. Burn Rate Implications of Alternative Knock Reduction Strategies for Turbocharged SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1110 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1110
  282. Liang , L. , Reitz , R.D. , Iyer , C.O. , and Yi , J. Modeling Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a G-equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0165 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0165
  283. Eckert , P. , Kong , S.-C. , and Reitz , R.D. Modeling Autoignition and Engine Knock Under Spark Ignition Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0011 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0011
  284. Corti , E. and Forte , C. Combination of In-Cylinder Pressure Signal Analysis and CFD Simulation for Knock Detection Purposes SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0019 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-24-0019
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