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An Aerodynamic Equation of State—Part II: Applications to Flapping Flight

Journal Article
01-17-01-0002
ISSN: 1946-3855, e-ISSN: 1946-3901
Published April 19, 2023 by SAE International in United States
An Aerodynamic Equation of State—Part II: Applications to Flapping
                    Flight
Sector:
Citation: Burgers, P., "An Aerodynamic Equation of State—Part II: Applications to Flapping Flight," SAE Int. J. Aerosp. 17(1):2024, https://doi.org/10.4271/01-17-01-0002.
Language: English

Abstract:

Part I introduced the aerodynamic equation of state. This Part II introduces the aerodynamic equation of state for lift and induced drag of flapping wings and applies it to a hovering and forward-flying bumblebee and a mosquito. Two- and three-dimensional graphical representations of the state space are introduced and explored for engineered subsonic flyers, biological fliers, and sports balls.