This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Comparison of Analytically and Experimentally Obtained Residual Fractions and NOX Emissions in Spark-Ignited Engines
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Using a fast-sampling valve, residual-fraction levels were determined in a 2.0L spark-ignited production engine, over varying engine operating conditions. Individual samples for each operating condition were analyzed by gas-chromatography which allowed for the determination of in-cylinder CO and CO2 levels. Through a comparison of in-cylinder measurement and exhaust data measurements, residual molar fraction (RMF) levels were determined and compared to analytical results. Analytical calculations were performed using the General Engine SIMulation (GESIM) which is a steady state quasi-dimensional engine combustion cycle simulation. Analytical RMF levels, for identical engine operating conditions, were compared to the experimental results as well as a sensitivity study on wave-dynamics and heat transfer on the analytically predicted RMF. Similarly, theoretical and experimental NOx emissions were compared and production sensitivity on RMF levels explored. A new heat transfer algorithm is developed which produced favorable agreement between the experimental and analytical RMF measurements. Improved NOx predictions were similarly observed over varying operating conditions using the super-extended Zel'dovich mechanism (SEZM) in conjunction with the new heat transfer algorithms. The SEZM produces NOx emissions within 10-15% of experimental data, while errors by more than 40% are obtained using the extended Zel'dovich mechanism (EZM).
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Miller, R., Russ, S., Weaver, C., Kaiser, E. et al., "Comparison of Analytically and Experimentally Obtained Residual Fractions and NOX Emissions in Spark-Ignited Engines," SAE Technical Paper 982562, 1998, https://doi.org/10.4271/982562.Also In
References
- Fox J. W. Cheng W. K. Heywood J. B. “A Model for Predicting Residual Gas Fraction in Spark-Ignition Engines,” SAE Paper 931025 1993
- Asmus T. W. “Valve Events and Engine Operation,” SAE Paper 820749 1982
- Siewert R. M. “How Individual Valve Timing Events Affect Exhaust Emissions,” SAE Paper 710609 1971
- Benson J. D. Stebar R. F. “Effects of Charge Dilution on Nitric Oxide Emission from a Single-Cylinder Engine,” SAE Paper 710008 1971
- Miller R. Davis G. Lavoie G. Newman C. Gardner T. “A Super-Extended Zel'dovich Mechanism for NO x Modeling- and Engine Calibration,” SAE Paper 980781 1998
- Miller R., Davis G. Lavoie G. “Dilute and Fuel Rich NO x Chemistry: An Engine Cycle Simulation,” Combustion and Flame 1998
- Miller, R. Newman, C. Dai, W. Trigui, N. Davis, G. Trumpy, D. Glidewell J. “Up-Front Prediction of the Effects on Cylinder Head Design on Combustion Rates in SI Engines,” SAE Paper No. 981049 1998
- Davis G. C. Kent J. C. “Comparison of Model Calculations and Experimental Measurements of the Bulk Cylinder Flow Processes in a Motored PROCO Engine,” SAE Paper No. 790290 1979
- Tabaczynski R. Ferguson C. R. Radhakrishnan K. “A Turbulent Entrainment Model for SI Engine Combustion,” SAE Paper No. 770647 1977
- Borgnakke C. Davis G.. Tabaczynski R.. “Predictions of In-Cylinder Swirl Velocity and Turbulence Intensity for an Open Chamber Cup-in-Piston Engine,” SAE Paper No. 810224 1981
- Russ S. “The Effect of Combustion Chamber Thermal Environment on Knock-Limited Output, Friction and HC Emissions,” SRL Report 95038 1995
- Miller, J. A Bowman C. T. “Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion,” Prog. Energy Combust.- Sci. 15 287 1989
- Glarborg, P. Dam-Johansen, K. Miller, J. A. Kee, R. J. Coltron M. E. “Modeling the Thermal DENO x Process in Flow Reactors. Surface Effects and Nitrous Oxide Formation,” Int. Chem. Kinetics 26 421 1994
- Hanson, R. K. Salimian S. Survey of Rate Constants in the N/H/O System Gardner, W. C. Jr., Combustion Chemistry Springer-Verlag New York 360 1984
- Bromly, J. H. Barnes, F. J. Nelson P. F. Hayes B. S. “Kinetics and Modeling of the H 2 -O 2 -NO x System,” Int. J. of Chem. Kinetics 27 1165 1995
- Bahn, G. S. 1968 “Reaction Rates for the H-N-O System,” Gordon and Breach Science Publishers New York, NY 1968
- Baulch, D. L. Drysdale D. D. Horne D. G. Lloyd A. C. “Evaluated Kinetic Data of High Temperature Reactions,” 2 Homogeneous Gas Phase Reactions of the H 2 -N 2 -O 2 System Butterworths, London 1973
- Phillips, L. F. Schiff, H. I. 1965 J. Chem. Phys. 42 3171
- Lange, H. B., Jr. “NO x Formation in Premixed Combustion: A Kinetic Model and Experimental Data,” Air Pollution and its Control AIChE 68 1972
- Benson, S. W. et al. 1975 Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C.
- Roose, T. R. Hanson R. K. Kruger, C. H. 1981 18th Int. Symp. Combust. Combustion Institute Pittsburgh 853
- Miller, J. A. Branch, M. C. Kee R. J. “A Chemical Kinetic Model for the Selective Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia,” Combust. Flame 43
- Fujii, N. et al. 1981 18th Int. Symp. Combust. Combustion Institute Pittsburgh 873
- Dove, J. E. Nip, W. S. 1979 Can. J. Chem. 57 689
- Michel, K. W. 1965 10th Symp. Combust. Combustion Institute Pittsburgh 351
- Drake, M. C. Blint R. J. “Calculations of NO x Formation Pathways in Propagating Laminar, High Pressure Premixed CH 4 /Air Flames,” Combust. Sci Tech. 75 261 1991