Characterization of Flows in the Sac Chamber and the Discharge Hole of a D.I. Diesel Injection Nozzle by Using a Transparent Model Nozzle

The internal flow of a diesel injection nozzle was studied by using transparent model nozzles to clarify the effects of the flows in the sac chamber and the discharge hole on the spray behaviors. The geometry of the model nozzle was scaled up 10 times the actual nozzle and the injection pressure for the model nozzle was adjusted so as to achieve a Reynolds number at the discharge hole which was the same as an actual nozzle. Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) tracers were used to visualize the flow patterns in the sac chamber. Sequential photographs of the internal flow and the issuing spray plume during the opening process of the needle valve were taken by a high-speed video camera. By locating the discharge hole on the upper side of the sac chamber, the turbulence intensity in the sac chamber increases and the spread angle of the spray plume becomes large. For the Mini Sac Model, spiral air cavities develop from the exit of the discharge hole to the inside of the sac chamber when the needle lift is small. The spray plume has a hollow cone structure with fine droplets and a very large spread angle. Whereas the discharge coefficient becomes small.