This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Modelling of Oxidation Catalysts for Two-Stroke Cycle Engines
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The after-treatment of exhaust gas using 3-way catalytic converters is now normal practice in automotive applications. For other applications, such as outboards, motorcycles and utility engines, new legislation is now in place in both Europe and North America. Further reduction of the permitted emission levels require the use of catalysts for two-stroke engine applications. However, current automotive catalyst systems are not suitable for durable operation in most two-stroke engines and new analytical tools are required to aid the development engineers in the implementation of revised designs and operating strategies.
This paper reviews the range of modeling techniques which have been developed for automotive uses and presents new and modified models suitable for two-stroke engines. This requires particular emphasis to be placed on the oxidation reactions that predominate in the two-stroke engine exhaust. Several types of model are reviewed, using both phenomenological and theoretical methods. The applicability and accuracy of each model is considered and compared with experimental results. In each case, the thermodynamic and gas dynamic aspects and the limitations of the models are explained.
Finally, the future direction of modeling is outlined, in the light of current requirements and some recommendations are made for the evolution of a catalyst simulation suitable for use within a full engine model.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Douglas, R. and Carberry, B., "Modelling of Oxidation Catalysts for Two-Stroke Cycle Engines," SAE Technical Paper 961807, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961807.Also In
Design, Modeling, and Emission Control for Small Two- and Four-Stroke Engines
Number: SP-1195; Published: 1996-08-01
Number: SP-1195; Published: 1996-08-01
References
- Kuo J.C.W. Morgan C.R. Lassen H.G. “Mathematical Modeling of CO and HC Catalytic Converter Systems” SAE Paper No. 710289 1971
- Young L.C. Finlayson B.A. “Mathematical Models of the Monolith Catalytic Converter” Part I AIChE Journal 22 2 March 1976
- Young L.C Finlayson B.A. “Mathematical Models of the Monolith Catalytic Converter” Part II AIChE Journal 22 2 March 1976
- Heck R.H. Wei J. Katzer J.R. “Mathematical Modeling of Monolithic Catalysts” AIChE Journal 22 3 May 1976
- Lee S. Rutherford A. “On the Effects of Radiative Heat Transfer in Monoliths” Chemical Engineering Science 32 827 837 1977
- Baruah P.C. Benson R.S. Gupta H.N. “Performance and Emission Predictions for a Multi-Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine with Catalytic Converter” SAE Paper No. 780672 1978
- Flytzani-stephanopoulos, Charing Voecks “Modeling of Heat transferin Non-adiabatic Monolith Reactors and Experimental Comparisons Of Metal Monoliths with Packed Beds” Chemical Engineering Science 41 5 1203 1212 1986
- Oh S.H. Van Ostrom D.L. Bisset E.J. Chen D.K.S. “AThree- Dimensional Model for the Analysis OF Transient Thermal and Conversion Characteristics of the Monolithic Catalytic Converters” SAE Paper No. 880282 1988
- Chen D.K.S Cole “Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Conversion and Thermal Responses for a PT/Rh Metal Monolithic Converter” SAE Paper No. 890798 1989
- Blair, G.P. “Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines” 1-56091-685-0 SAE
- Carberry B.P. Douglas R. “A Simple but Effective Catalyst Model for Two-Stroke Engines” SAE Transactions 101 Journal of Fuels&Lubricants 1067 1077 Paper No. 921693 September 1992
- Carberry B.P. Douglas R. “Factors Affecting Catalyst Efficiency, a Theoretical and Investigative Treatise” SAE Paper No. 932397 SAE Off-Highway Congress September 1993
- Carberry B.P. Kirkpatrick S. Douglas R. Fleck R. “The Affect of the Catalytic Converter on the Gas Dynamics of the Two-Stroke Cycle Engine” Paper No. 94A1064 ATA Conference Florence April 1994
- Hansel J.G. Aykan K. Cohn J.G. “The Influence of Vehicle Parameters on Catalyst Space Velocity and Size Requirements” SAE Paper No. 740247 1974
- Montreuil C.N. Williams S.C. Adamczyk A.A. “Modeling Current Generation Catalytic Converters Laboratory Experiments and Kinetic Parameter Optimisation - Steady State Kinetics” SAE Paper No. 920096 SAE International Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1992
- Hedegus L. L. “Temperature Excursions in Catalytic Monoliths” AIChE Journal 21 5 849 853 September 1975
- Voltz S. E. Morgan C. R. Liederman D. Jacob S. “Kinetic Study of Carbon Monoxide and Propylene Oxidation on Platinum Catalysts” Ind. Eng.Chem, Prod. Res. Develop. 12 4 1973
- Hougen O. Watson K. M. “Chemical Process Principles” Wiley New York 1947
- Shishu R. C. PhD Dissertation University of Detroit 1972
- Oh S. H. Cavandish J.C. “Transients of Monolithic Catalytic Converters: Response to Step Changes in Feedstream Temperature as Related to Controlling Automobile Emissions” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod Res. Dev. 21 1 1982
- Boehman A.L. Niksa S. Moffatt R. J. “A Comparison of Rate Laws for CO Oxidation Over Pt on Alumina” SAE Paper No. 930252 1993
- Kays W.M. London A.L. “Compact Heat Exchangers” McGraw Hill N.York 1964
- Lapidus L. Amundson N. R. “Chemical Reactor Theory A Review” 0-13-128710-9 Prentice-Hall
- McCullough G. Douglas R. “Reaction Mapping During Light-off in a Two-Stroke Oxidation Catalyst SAE Off-Highway 1996
- Schweich, D. “Laboratory Data For Three-Way Catalytic Converter Modeling” Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control III 96 Elsevier 1995