Theoretical and Wind Tunnel Experimental Studies of Diesel Ignition and Ignition-Enhancing Additives

Authors

• Wallace Chinitz - GASL, Inc.
• Daniel Cresci - GASL, Inc.
• Ching-Yi Tsai - GASL, Inc.
• Allen A. Aradi

Topic

• Diesel fuels
• Wind tunnel tests
• Emissions measurement

Citation

Also In

References

1. Hurn, R.W. Hughes, K.J. “Ignition Accelerators and Autoignition Environment,” I. & E. Chem. 48 10 October 1959
2. Broering, L.C. Holtman, L.W. “Effect of Diesel Fuel Properties on Emissions and Performance,” SAE Paper No. 740692 September 1974
3. Wong, C.L. Steere, D.E. “The Effects of Diesel Fuel Properties and Engine Operating Conditions on Ignition Delay,” SAE Paper No. 82123 1 October 1982
4. Li, T.-M. Simmons, R-F. “The Action of Ignition Improvers in Diesel Fuels,” 21st Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute 1986
5. Russell, T.J. “Additives Influencing Diesel Fuel Combustion,” Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Additives Owen K. John Wiley Chichester 1989
6. Clothier, P.Q.E. Moise, A. Pritchard, H.O. “Effect of Free-Radical Release on Diesel Ignition Delay Under Simulated Cold-Starting Conditions,” Combustion & Flame 81 1990 242 250
7. Inomata, T. Griffiths, J.F. Pappin, A.J. “The Role of Additives as Sensitizers for the Spontaneous Ignition of Hydrocarbons,” 23rd Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute 1990
8. Hoskin, D.H. Edwards, C.F. Siebers, D.L. “Ignition Delay Performance Versus Composition of Model Fuels,” SAE Paper No. 920109 February 1992
9. Clothier, P.Q.E. Aguda, B.D. Moise, A. Pritchard, H.O. “How Do Diesel-fuel Ignition Improvers Work?,” Chemical Society Reviews 1993 101 108
10. Ryan, T.W. III Erwin, J. Mason, R.L. Moulton, D.S. “Relationships Between Fuel Properties and Composition and Diesel Engine Combustion Performance and Emissions,” SAE Paper No. 941018 February-March 1994
11. Dec, J.E. Espey, C. “Ignition and Early Soot Formation in a DI Diesel Engine Using Multiple 2-D Imaging Diagnostics,” SAE Paper No. 950456 February-March 1995
12. AI-Rubaie, M.A.R. Griffiths, J.F. Sheppard, C.G.W. “Some Observation on the Effectiveness of Additives for Reducing the Ignition Delay Period of Diesel Fuels,” SAE Paper No. 912333 October 1991
13. Amsden, A.A. “KIVA-3: A KIVA Program with Block-Structured Mesh for Complex Geometries,” Los Alamos National Laboratory Report No. LA-12503-MS March 1993
14. Bowman, C.T. Kesten, A.S. “Kinetic Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Combustion Processes,” Paper WSCI 71-28 Fall Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute October 1971
15. Skinner, G.B. “Kinetics of Methane Oxidation,” Journal of Chemical Physics 56 8 April 15 1972
16. Dorko, E.A. Bass, D.M. Crossley, R.W. Scheller, K. “Shock Tube Investigation of Ignition in Methane-Oxygen-Nitrogen Dioxide-Argon Mixtures,” Combustion and Flame 24 173 180 1975
17. Dabora, E.K. “Effect of N0 2 on the Ignition Delay of CH 4 -Air Mixtures,” Combustion and Flame 24 181 184 1975
18. Creighton, J.R “Some General Principles Obtained From Numerical Studies of Methane Combustion,” Journal of Physical Chemistry 81 2520 2526 1977
19. McLain, A.G. Jachimowski, C.J. “Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Propane Oxidation Behind Shock Waves,” NASA TN D-8501 July 1977
20. Slack, M. Grillo, A. “Investigation of Hydrogen-Air Ignition Sensitized by Nitric Oxide and by Nitrogen Dioxide,” NASA CR-2896 October 1997
21. Wakelyn, N.T. Jachirnowski, C.J. Wilson, C.H. “Experimental and Analytical Study of Nitric Oxide Formation During Combustion of Propane in a Jet-stirred Combustor,” NASA TP- 1181 May 1978
22. Edelman, R.B. Harsha, P.T. “Some Observations on Turbulent Mixing with Chemical Reactions,” Turbulent Combustion Kennedy L.A. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 58 AIAA New York, NY 1978
23. White, J.N. Gardiner, W.C., Jr. “An Evaluation of Methane Combustion Mechanisms,” Journal of Physical Chemistry 83 5 1979
24. Tabayashi, K. Bauer, S.H. “The Early Stages of Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Methane,” Combustion and Flame 34 63 83 1979
25. Westbrook, C.K. Dryer, F.L. “Chemical Kinetics and Modeling of Combustion Processes,” 18th Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute Pittsburgh, PA 1981 749 764
26. Pfefferle, L.D. Churchill, S.W. “A Computer Study of the Constant Pressure Auto-Ignition of Mixtures of Ethane, Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen in Air,” ASME Paper No. 83-WA/HT-67 1983
27. Malte, P.C. Thornton, M.M. Butler, G.W. “The Kinetics of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons in High Intensity Combustion,” AIAA Paper No. 83-1144 June 1983
28. Jachimowski, C.J. “Chemical Kinetics Reaction Mechanism for the Combustion of Propane,” Combustion and Flame 55 214 224 1984
29. Kiehne, T.M. “Computational Evaluation of a Four Step Overall Kinetic Mechanism for the Oxidation of Propane in Laminar Premixed Freely Propagating and Wall Quench Environments,” Paper WSS/Cl Paper No. 84-5 Spring Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute April 1984
30. Combustion Chemistry Gardiner, W.C. Jr. Springer-Verlag New York, NY 1984
31. Jachimowski, C.J. “A Simplified Hydrocarbon Reaction Mechanism for Combustion Applications,” Journal of Propulsion 1 5 September-October 1985
32. Westbrook, C.K. “Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Higher Hydrocarbon Fuels,” AIAA Paper No. 86-0139 January 1986
33. Stewart, P.H. Rothem, T. Golden, D.M. “Tabulation of Rate Constants for Combustion Modeling,” 22nd Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute Pittsburgh, PA 1988 943 952
34. Westbrook, C.K. Warnatz, J. Pitz, W.J. “A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanism for the Oxidation of Iso-Octane and n-Heptane Over an Extended Temperature Range and its Application to Analysis of Engine Knock,” 22nd Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute Pittsburgh, PA 1988 893 901
35. Jachimowski, C.J. “An Analytical Study of the Hydrogen-Air Reaction Mechanism with Application to Scramjet Combustion,” NASA TP-2791 1988
36. Lin, C-Y. Wang, H.-T. Lin, M.C. Melius, C.F. “A Shock Tube Study of CH 2 O + NO 2 Reaction at High Temperatures,” International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 22 455 482 1990
37. Seshadri, K. Peters, N. “The Inner Structure of Methane-Air Flames,” Combustion and Flame 81 96 118 1990
38. Miller, J.A. Kee, R.J. Westbrook, C.K. “Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Modeling,” Annual Revues of Physical Chemistry 4 1 345 387 1990
39. Singh, D.J. Jachimowski, C.J. “Quasiglobal Reaction Model for Ethylene Combustion,” AIAA Journal 32 1 January 1994
40. Balakrishnan, G. Williams, F.A. “Turbulent Combustion Regimes for Hypersonic Propulsion Employing Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames,” Journal of Propulsion and Power 10 3 May-June 1994
41. Bittker, D.A. “Detailed Mechanism for Oxidation of Benzene,” Combustion Science and Technology 79 49 72 1991
42. Bowman, C.T. “An Experimental and Analytical Investigation of the High-Temperature Oxidation Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Fuels,” Combustion Science and Technology 2 161 172 1970
43. D'Souza, M.V. Karim, G.A. “An Analytical Study of Methane Oxidation in a Steady-Flow Reactor,” Combustion Science and Technology 3 83 89 1971
44. Warnatz, J. “the Mechanism of High Temperature Combustion of Propane and Butane,” Combustion Science and Technology 34 177 200 1983
45. Seery, D.J. Bowman, C.T. “A Shock Tube Study of Methane Oxidation,” 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society Chicago, IL 1967
46. Westbrook, C.K. Pitz, W.J. “A Comprehensive Chemical Kinetic Mechanism for Oxidation and Pyrolysis of Propane and Propene,” Combustion Science and Technology 37 117 152 1984
47. Grillo, A. Slack, M.W. “Shock Tube Study of Ignition Delay Times in Methane-Oxygen-Nitrogen-Argon Mixtures,” Combustion and Flame 27 377 381 1976
48. Westley, F. Frizell, D.H. Herron, J.T. Hampson, R.F. Mallard, W.G. “NIST Chemical Kinetics Database,” National Institute of Standards and Technology November 1994
49. Dryer, F.L. Glassman, I. “Combustion Chemistry of Chain Hydrocarbons,” Alternative Hydrocarbon Fuels: Combustion and Chemical Kinetics Bowman C.T. Birkeland J. 62 Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics AIAA 1978
50. Radhakrishnan, K. “LSENS-A General Chemical Kinetics and Sensitivity Analysis Code for Homogeneous Gas-Phase Reaction; I. Theory and Numerical Solution Procedures,” NASA Reference Publication 1328 January 1994
51. Fieweger, K. Ciezki H. Adomeit, G. “Comparison of Shock-Tube Ignition Characteristics of Various Fuel-Air Mixtures at: High Pressure,” Shock Waves @ Marseille II. Physico-Chemical Processes and Nonequilibrium Flow Brun R. Dumitrescu, L.Z. Springer-Verlag Berlin 1995
52. Fieweger, K. Pfahl, U. Adomeit, G. “Self Ignition of n-Heptane/iso-Octane and n-Decane/x-Methylnaphtalene Mixtures with Air Under Diesel Engine Conditions,” 20th International Symposium on Shock Waves July 1995
53. Pfahl, U. Fieweger, K. Adomeit, G. Gelfand, B.E. “Shock Tube Investigation of Atornization, Evaporation and Ignition of Single Fuel Droplets,” 20th International Symposium on Shock Waves July 1995

Cited By