This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Emissions Testing with Blends of Esters of Rapeseed Oil Fuel With and Without a Catalytic Converter
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Two pickup trucks, both with 5.9 L, turbocharged and intercooled, direct injection diesel engines, were tested for regulated emissions at the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit Authority Emissions Testing Facility, one in 1994 and the other in 1995. Emissions testing was conducted using the Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy Duty Vehicles (Code of Federal Regulations 40, Part 86, Appendix 1, Cycle D). Emissions data generated included total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). All tests were with a chassis dynamometer capable of transient testing.
This paper presents an analysis and comparison of the emissions tests for each year as well as a comparison between years. Differences in emissions found between years are reported. Test methods, procedures and the experimental designs are discussed. The test data presented in this report represents the emissions of three biodiesel fuel blends. In 1995, all fuels were initially tested with the vehicle catalytic converter installed on the vehicle. Subsequent testing was then conducted with the catalytic converter removed from the vehicle. A catalytic converter was not available for the 1994 vehicle.
The 1994 tests included both a double arterial cycle of 768 seconds duration and the EPA heavy duty vehicle cycle of 1,060 seconds duration. Rapeseed methyl (RME) and ethyl esters (REE) and blends were compared with a low sulfur diesel reference fuel (D2). In these tests, 100% REE reduced HC (8.7%), CO (4.3%) and NOx (3.4%) compared to 100% RME. The 1994 tests resulted in reductions of HC (52.4%), CO (47.6%), NOx (10.0%) and increases in CO2 (0.9%) and PM (9.9%) for the average of REE and RME compared to diesel.
The 1995 tests included only the EPA heavy duty cycle. Fuels used in 1995 were low sulfur diesel reference fuel, 100% REE, and blends of 20% REE-80% diesel and 50%REE-50% diesel. The 1995 tests resulted in reductions in HC (63%), CO (33%), NOx (10%), CO2 unchanged and increases of PM (30%) for 100% REE compared to D2. The catalytic converter had an affect on only the HC and PM. It reduced HC for diesel 10.5% and for REE 13.6%. It also reduced PM for diesel 45% and for REE 56%.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Peterson, C. and Reece, D., "Emissions Testing with Blends of Esters of Rapeseed Oil Fuel With and Without a Catalytic Converter," SAE Technical Paper 961114, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961114.Also In
References
- Feldman, M. 1991 Optimization of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine for Operation on Winter Rape Methyl Ester University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83844
- Peterson, Charles L. Reece Daryl L. 1994 Emissions Tests with an On-Road Vehicle Fueled with Methyl and Ethyl Esters of Rapeseed Oil ASAE Paper No. 946532 ASAE St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659
- Zhang, Q. Feldman M. Peterson C. L. 1988 Diesel Engine Durability when fueled with Methyl Ester of Winter Rapeseed Oil ASAE paper 88-1562 ASAE St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659
- Muryama, Tadashi Oh Young-taig Miyamoto Noboru Chikahisa Takemi Takagi Nobukazu Itow Koichiro 1984 Low Carbon Flower Buildup, Low Smoke and Efficient Diesel Operation with Vegetable Oils by Conversion to Mono-Esters and Blending with Diesel Oil or Alcohols SAE Technical Paper 841161 SAE Warrendale, PA 1096-0001
- Schumacher, L. G. Borgelt S. C. Hines W. G. Spurling C. Humphrey J. K. Fink J. 1993 Fueling Diesel Engines with Esterified Soybean Oil - Project Update ASAE Paper No. MC93-101 ASAE St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659
- Schumacher, L. G. Borgelt, S. C. Hires, W. G. Humphrey, J. K. 1993 Biodiesel on the Road - A Report from Missouri ASAE paper No. 93-5017 ASAE St. Joseph, MI
- Reece, Daryl L. Peterson Charles L. 1993 A Report on the Idaho On-Road Vehicle Test with RME and Neat Rapeseed Oil as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel ASAE paper no. 93-5018 ASAE St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659
- Humke, A. L. Barsic N. J. 1981 Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine with Vegetable Oil Fuels SAE Technical Paper 810955 SAE Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
- Sholl, Kyle W. Sorenson Spencer C. 1993 Combustion of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 930934 SAE Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
- Zubik, J. Sorenson S.C. Goering C. E. 1984 Diesel Engine Combustion of Sunflower Oil Fuels Transactions of the ASAE ASAE St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659
- Ishii, Yukitsugu Takeuchi Ryuzo 1987 Transesterified Curcas Oil Blends for Farm Diesel Engines Transactions of ASAE 30 3 605 609
- Geyer, S. M. Jacobus M. J. Lestz S. S. 1984 Comparison of Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions from Neat and Transesterified Vegetable Oils Transactions of the ASAE 27 2 375 381
- Wagner, Larry E. Clark Stanley J. Schrock Mark D. 1985 Effects of Soybean Oil Ester on the Performance, Lubricating Oil and Wear of Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 841385 SAE Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
- Clark, S. J. Wagner L. Schrock M. D. Piennar P. G. 1984 Methyl and Ethyl Soybean Esters and Renewable Fuels for Diesel Engines JAOCS 61 10 1632 1638
- Alfuso, Salvatone Auriemman Maddalena Police Giuseppe Vittoria Maria 1993 The Effect of Methyl-Ester of Rapeseed Oil on Combustion and Emissions of DI Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper Series 932801 SAE Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
- Xiao, Yun 1993 Report to the National SoyDiesel Development Board Jefferson City, Missouri 65110
- Marshall, William F. 1993 Biodiesel, Commercialization of a Renewable Fuel Technical Report No. 1 prepared for the U.S. D.O.E. and NSDB National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research Bartlesville, OK
- Manicom, Brian Green Chris Goetz Wendel 1993 Methyl Soyate Evaluation of Various Diesel Blends in a DDC 6V-92 TA Engine Final Report No. 93-E14-21 to Fosseen Manufacturing and Development Ortech International Mississaiga. Ontario
- Mittelbach, Martin Tritthart Peter 1988 Diesel Fuel Derived from Vegetable Oils, II. Emission Tests Using Methyl Esters of Used Frying Oil JAOCS 65 7 1185 1187
- Schumaker, Leon G. Hires William G. Borgelt Steven C. Fueling Diesel Engine with Methyl-Ester of Soybean Oil Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Missouri Columbia, MO
- Goetz, Wendel 1993 Evaluation of Methyl Soyate/Diesel Blend in a DDC 6V-92TA Engine: Optimization of NOx Emissions Addendum to Final Report 93-E14-21 Ortech International Mississaga, Ontario
- Humphrey, J. Kevin Schumacher Leon G. 1994 Review of Literature Related to Fueling Used Engines with Methyl Ester of Soybean Oil Project Report for the American Soybean Association St. Louis, MO
- Mittelbach, Martin Tritthart Peter Junek Hans 1985 Diesel Fuel Derived from Vegetable Oils, II:Emission Tests Using Rape Oil Methyl Ester. Energy in Agriculture 4 207 215 Elsevier Science Publisher Amsterdam
- Mills, G. A. Howard, A. G. 1983 Preliminary Investigation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Diesel Engine Operating on Vegetable Oil-based Alternative Fuels
- Liotta, Frank J. jr. Montalvo Daniel M. 1992 The Effect of Oxygenated Fuels on Emissions from a Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 932734 SAE Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
- Energy Information Administration 1989 Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene in 1989 EDOE/EIA Washington, D.C.
- Barenescu, Rodica 1994 Engine Warranty Policy Commercialization of Biodiesel: Establishment of Engine Warranties National Center for Advanced Transportation, University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho 83844-1026
- Holmberg, William C. Peeples James E. 1994 Biodiesel, A Technology, Performance and Regulatory Overview National Soydiesel Development Board Jefferson City, MO
- Dunlap, Lauren 1994 Final Report to University of Idaho for Emissions Testing Conducted on Biodiesel Fueled Pickup Truck Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit Authority Emissions Testing Facility Los Angeles CA
- Dunlap, Lauren S. Pellegrin Vince Ikeda Randal Wilson Ray Stanley Sylvia Porter Harvey 1993 Chassis Dynamometer Emissions Testing Results for Diesel and Alternative-Fueled Transit Buses SAE Technical Paper Series 931783 SAE Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
- Peterson, C. L. 1994 ASAE EP X552, Reporting of Fuel Properties when Testing Diesel Engines withalternative Fuels Derived from Biological Materials ASAE St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659