Design and Development of Three Combustion Systems for a Small Passenger-Car Diesel Engine

This paper reviews combustion system design and development of a very small diesel derived from a gasoline engine. It compares the results and discusses the special problems of small diesel engines through two displacements and a series of cylinder heads, valve trains, and injection systems. It concludes that for small engines on automotive applications of two-valve technology a classical swirl-chamber IDI combustion system, or an “M System”, offered substantial advantages, including fuel consumption, over a DI system.The paper also discusses solutions through the use of four valves, and the problems anticipated with those solutions.