This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Cetane Effect on Diesel Ignition Delay Times Measured in a Constant Volume Combustion Apparatus
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The key feature of diesel fuel ignition quality is ignition delay time. In the American Society for Testing and Materials standard test for cetane number measurement, (ASTM D 613) the ignition delay time is held constant while the compression ratio is varied until ignition occurs at the set time. On the other hand, commercial diesel engines have set compression ratios and therefore, the ignition delay time varies with the cetane number of the fuel. The shorter this delay time, the wider the time window over which the combustion processes are spread. This leads to a more controlled heat release rate and pressure rise, resulting in prevention of diesel knock and in lowering of emissions. High cetane fuels exhibit short ignition delay times. The Constant Volume Combustion Apparatus (CVCA) precisely measures the ignition delay time of fuels.
This study investigates the CVCA as a supplementary tool for characterization of diesel fuel ignition quality under a variety of conditions. Two different diesel fuels of similar cetane number are characterized in the CVCA. These fuels are then additized with two different cetane improvers: 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and di-tert-butyl peroxide. The respective ignition delay time measurements are made in the CVCA and partitioned into physical and chemical delay times using the pressure curve characterizing each event. Our study shows that the CVCA accurately captures the effect of cetane improver additives on the ignition delay response times for the diesel fuels tested. Partitioning of this response to the physical and chemical attributes of the cetane improver adds to the temporal resolution of where in the combustion cycle these additives impart their major effect. Ignition delay time measurements at three different temperatures enable further characterization of the fuel by Arrhenius plot analysis.
The results show that diesel fuels containing cetane improver additives can be ranked in terms of ignition quality by the CVCA ignition delay time method. CVCA also provides additional information about low and high temperature ignition behavior of different cetane fuels.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Aradi, A. and Ryan, T., "Cetane Effect on Diesel Ignition Delay Times Measured in a Constant Volume Combustion Apparatus," SAE Technical Paper 952352, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/952352.Also In
Emission Processes and Control Technologies in Diesel Engines
Number: SP-1119; Published: 1995-10-01
Number: SP-1119; Published: 1995-10-01
References
- Walsh, M. “Global Trends in Diesel Particulate Control - A 1995 Update” SAE Paper No. 950149 February 1995
- Small, A. Kazimi, C. “On The Costs of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles” Department of Economics UC Irvine The Journal of Transport Economics January 1995
- National Academy of Science Report “Rethinking the Ozone Problem: VOC Versus NO x Controls” 351 377 1991
- Miller, C. A. Hall, R. E. Stern, R. D. “NO x Control Technology Requirements Under The United States' 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments Compared to Those in Selected Pacific Rim Countries” The Joint American and Japanese Flame Research Committees Meeting October 1994
- World Health Organization IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans “Diesel and Gasoline Exhausts and some Nitroarenes” 46 June 1988
- Mauderly et al “Pulmonary Toxicity of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust and Carbon Black in Chronically Exposed Rats” Health Effects Institute Research Report No. 68 1 75 October 1994
- “Health Risk Assessment for Diesel Exhaust” Preliminary Draft, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency June 1994
- Electronic Engine Control Evan J. L. Hurst, D. E. Cummins Engine Company “The Future of the Diesel Engine in Tomorrow's Environment” TOPTEC May 23-24 1995 Atlanta, GA
- Pierz, P. M. “The Future of the Diesel Engine in Tomorrow's Environment” TOPTEC May 23-24 1995 Atlanta, GA
- Annual Book of ASTM Standards “Test Methods for Rating Motor, Diesel, and Aviation Fuels” 05.04 1995 135 164
- Pope, A. W. Jr., “1957 Horning Memorial Lecture: Single Cylinder Engine Fuel Research.” SAE Paper SP-218 1958
- Montemayor, A. F. Owens, E. C. Buckingham, J.P. “Fuel Property Effects on Cold Startability of Navy High-Speed Diesel Engines,” Interim Report BFLRF No. 207 (AD A180313) Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, TX December 1985
- Ryan, T. W. III, “Ignition Delay as Determined in a Variable Compression Ratio Direct-Injection Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper No. 872036 November 1987
- Ullman, T. L. Spreen, K. B. Mason, R. L. “Effects of Cetane Number on Emissions From a Prototype 1998 Heavy- Duty Diesel Engine” SAE Paper No. 950251 February 1995
- Ryan, T. W. III, Stapper, B. “Diesel Fuel Ignition Quality as Determined in a Constant Volume Combustion Bomb,” SAE Paper No. 870586 February 1987
- Hoskin, D. H. Edwards, C. F. Siebers, D. L. “Ignition Delay Performance Versus Composition of Model Fuels,” SAE Paper No. 920109 February 1992
- Kamimoto, T. Kando, H. Kobori, S. Hatano, H. Kobayashi, H. Tsuchiya, K. “Development of a Rapid Compression-Expansion Machine to Simulate Combustion in Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper No. 881640 October 1988
- Kamimoto, T. Kobori, S. Noh, S. H. Enomoto, Y. “Effects of Flame Motion and Temperature on Local Wall Heat Transfer in a Rapid Compression-Expansion Machine Simulating Diesel Combustion,” SAE Paper No. 922208 October 1992
- Dagout, P. Reuillon, M. Cathonnet, M. “Experimental Study of the Oxidation of n-Heptane in a Jet Stirred Reactor from Low to High Temperature and Pressures up to 40 Atmospheres,” Combustion and Flame 101 1995 132 140
- Annual Book of ASTM Standards “Petroleum Products and Lubricants” 05.01 1995 325 327
- Ciezki, H. K. Adomeit, G. Combust. and Flame 93 421 433 1993
- Coats, C. M. Williams, A. Seventeenth Symposium (International) on Combustion 611 621 The Combustion Institute Pittsburgh 1978
- Vermeer, D. J. Meyer, J. W. Oppenheim, A. K. Combust. and Flame 18 327 336 1972
- Callahan, T. J. Ryan, T. W. III, Dodge, L. G. Schwalb, J. A. “Effects of Fuel Properties on Diesel Spray Characteristics,” SAE Paper No. 870533 February 1987
- Ryan, T. W. III, Callahan, T. J. “Engine and Constant Volume Bomb Studies of Diesel Ignition and Combustion,” SAE Paper No. 881626 October 1988
- Hurn, R. W. Hughes, K. J. “Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Fuels as Measured in a Constant Volume Bomb,” SAE Quarterly Trans. 6 1 24 1952
- Yu, T. C. Uyehara, O. A. Myers, P. S. Collins, R.N. Mahadevan, K. “Physical and Chemical Ignition Delay in an Operating Diesel Engine Using the Hot-Motored Technique,” SAE Trans. 64 690 1956
- Ryan, T. W. III, “Correlation of Physical and Chemical Ignition Delay to Cetane Number,” SAE Paper No. 852103 October 1985
- Ryan, T. W. III, “Diesel Fuel Ignition Quality as Determined in a Variable Compression Ratio, Direct-Injection Engine,” SAE Paper 870585 February 1987
- Ryan, T. W. III,
- Leppard, W. R. “A Comparison of Olefin and Paraffin Autoignition Chemistries: A Motored-Engine Study,” SAE Paper No. 892081
- Westbrook, C. K. Pitz, W. J. Leppard, W. R. “The Autoignition Chemistry of Paraffinic Fuels and Pro-Knock and Anti-Knock Additive: A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Study,” SAE Paper No. 912314 October 1991
- Gaffuri, P. Curran, H.J. Pitz, W.J. Westbrook, C.K. “Combustion of n-Heptane in a Shock Tube and in a Stirred Reactor: A Detailed Kinetic Modeling Study,” Joint Technical Meeting of the Central and Western States (USA) Sections and Mexican National Section of the International Combustion Institute and American Flame Research Committee 233 238 April 23-26 1995 San Antonio TX
- Li, H. Prabhu, S. K. Miller, D. L. Cernansky, N. P. “Autoignition Chemistry Studies on Primary Reference Fuels in a Motored Engine” SAE Paper No. 942062 October 1994