This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Ground Effect Simulation for Full-Scale Cars in the Pininfarina Wind Tunnel
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The paper refers to a research program which is presently in progress at Pininfarina. It deals with a new ground effect simulation system for full-scale car testing in an automotive wind tunnel.
This research program is carried out in the framework of the “Progetto Finalizzato Trasporti 2” of the Italian C.N.R.
The first part of the paper makes an analysis of:
-
The various ground effect simulation systems already existing in the world.
-
The results which can be achieved using these systems.
-
Their main limitations and drawbacks and some considerations about the possibility of using these systems for routine aerodynamic development work on full-scale vehicles.
The second part of the paper describes the new Ground Effect Simulation System (GESS) which is presently in operation in the wind tunnel of the Pininfarina Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Research Center.
Its layout is quite different from the ground effect simulation systems existing in other full-scale automotive wind tunnels. It includes several subsystems, that is to say:
- A Moving Belt (MB) “between the wheels” integrated in the balance-turntable system.
-
A Tangential Blowing System (TBS) in front of the MB.
-
Two Basic Suction Systems (BSS), one immediately in front of the TBS and the second between the TBS and the MB.
-
A System for Rotating the car Wheels (RWS) through four rollers integrated in the balance pads.
-
A System for Lifting a car (LS) through the wheels and/or the rockers.Also the LS is integrated in the balance pads.
The new Pininfarina GESS is therefore more complex than the existing systems, however, it gives several advantages, in particular:
-
The relative car-to-ground motion is well reproduced along the most important part of the car, that is to say under the full length of the car.
-
In general the overall system is much easier to use than the most of the existing full-scale ground simulation systems.Only minor preparation of the car is necessary, in order to conduct tests with a full simulation of the ground motion and wheel rotation.
The third part of the paper reports some preliminary results measured on a full-scale car in various conditions with fixed ground/fixed wheels, rotating wheels only, moving ground only and moving ground/rotating wheels.
Although these values are likely to be “car-dependent”, they give a first indication of the possible differences which can be expected when using the new Ground Effect Simulation System.
Recommended Content
Citation
Cogotti, A., "Ground Effect Simulation for Full-Scale Cars in the Pininfarina Wind Tunnel," SAE Technical Paper 950996, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/950996.Also In
References
- Cogotti A. “Ground Effect Simulation for full-scale cars in the Pininfarina Wind Tunnel” CNR-Pininfarina Workshop on Wind Tunnel Simulation of Ground Effect Turin May 12 1994
- Cogotti A. “La Galleria del Vento Pininfarina” Status Report - V Meeting EADE Paris October 1987
- Cogotti A. “Prospects for Aerodynamic Research in the Pininfarina Wind Tunnel” FISITA paper 905149 XIII FISITA Congress Torino May 1990
- Hackett J.E. Williams J.E. Baker J.B. Wallis S.B. “On the Influence of Ground Movement and Wheel Rotation in Tests on Modern Car Shapes” SAE paper 870245 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1987
- Berndtsson A. Eckert W.T. Mercker E. “The Effect of Groundplane Boundary Layer Control on Automotive Testing in a Wind Tunnel” SAE paper 880248 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February - March 1988
- Eckert W. Singer N. Vagt J.D. “The Porsche Wind Tunnel Floor-Boundary-Layer Control - A Comparison with Road Data and Results from Moving Belt” SAE paper 920346 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1992
- Carr G.W. Eckert W. “A Further Evaluation of the Ground-Plane Suction Method for Ground Simulation in Automotive Wind Tunnels” SAE paper 940418 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February-March 1994
- Bonis B. Quagliotti F.B. “Methodology for Testing Vehicles in Ground Effect” 6th Colloquium on Industrial Aerodynamics Aachen June 1985
- Bonis B. Quagliotti F.B. “A Study of the Validity of Fixed-Ground Testing for Formula 1 Racing Cars” SAE paper 860092 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1986
- Bonis B. Quagliotti F.B. Dallara G.P. “Is the Moving Belt Ground Plane really necessary for the Automobile Testing in the Wind Tunnel?” SAE paper 870719 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1987
- Bearmann P.W. De Beer D. Hamidy E. Harvey J.K. “The Effect of a Moving Floor on Wind-Tunnel Simulation of Road Vehicles” SAE paper 880245 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February-March 1988
- Sardou M. “The Sensitivity of Wind-Tunnel Data to a High-Speed Moving Ground for Different Types of Road Vehicles” SAE paper 880246 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February-March 1988
- Imaizumi T. “The Effect of Moving Ground on the Aerodynamic Characteristics” JSAE magazine July 1991
- Yamaguchi I. Nakatsuru K. Takagi M. Shimpo Y. “The Effect of a Moving Belt on Underfloor Airflow in a Scale Wind Tunnel Test” JSAE paper 902258
- Emmelmann H.J. Berneburg H. “Aerodynamic Development of the Opel Calibra in the DNW” “Ten Years of Testing at DNW - 1980-1990” Colloquium at the occasion of ten years operational phase of DNW Noordoostpolder October 1990
- Mercker E. Wiedemann J. “Comparison of Different Ground Simulation Techniques for Use in Automotive Wind Tunnels” SAE paper 900321 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February-March 1990
- Berta C. “Full-Scale Moving Belt in Fiat Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel” FISITA paper 905147 XIII FISITA Congress Torino May 1990
- Hackett J.E. Bolest R.A. “Moving-Ground Simulation by Tangential Blowing” AIAA paper 78-814 10th Aerodynamic Testing Conference San Diego, CA April 1978
- Müllenbach P. Deutenbach K. R. “Influence of Boundary Layer Control Systems to the Flow Fields around Passenger Cars” Aachen 1989
- Vorwaller M.L. Germane G.J. “Aerodynamic Drag Studies on Rolling Vehicles by Underwater Tow Testing” SAE paper 860091 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1986
- Larsson L. Hammar L. Nilsson L.U. Berndtsson A. Ktutson K. Danielson H. “A Study of Ground Simulation-Correlation between Wind-Tunnel and Water-Basin Tests of a Full-Scale Car” SAE paper 890368 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition February-March 1989
- Aoki K. Miyata H. Kanai M. Hanaoka Y. Zhu M. “A Water-Basin Test Techniques for the Aerodynamic Design of Road Vehicles” SAE paper 920348 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February 1992
- Wiedemann J. “On the Importance of Ground Simulation for the Optimization of the Underside of Passenger Cars” CNR-Pininfarina Workshop on Wind Tunnel Simulation of Ground Effect Turin May 12 1994
- Carr G.W. “Some Experimental Comparisons Between Different Methods for Ground-Plane Boundary-Layer Control” CNR-Pininfarina Workshop on Wind Tunnel Simulation of Ground Effect Turin May 12 1994
- Cooper K.R. “Approaches to Ground Simulation in North America” CNR-Pininfarina Workshop on Wind Tunnel Simulation of Ground Effect Turin May 12 1994
- Cogotti A. “A Strategy for Optimum Surveys of Passenger-Car Flow Fields” SAE paper 890374 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit February-March 1989
- Berneburg H. Cogotti A. “Development and Use of LDV and Other Airflow Measurement Techniques as a Basis for the Improvement of Numerical Simulation of Engine Compartment Air Flows” SAE paper 930294 Intl' SAE Congress & Exposition Detroit March 1993
- Mercker E. Soja H. Wiedemann J. “Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Various Ground Simulation Techniques on a Passenger Car” Vehicle Aerodynamics - Two Day Conference Loughborough University of Technology UK July 1994
- Cooper K.R. Fediw A.A. Garry K.P. Wiodarski S. “Development of a Moving Ground System for the Study of Vehicle Aerodynamics” Vehicle Aerodynamics - Two Day Conference Loughborough University of Technology UK July 1994
- Cogotti A. “The Pininfarina Ground Effect Simulation System” 10th EADE Meeting Sindelfingen October 1994
- 1991-1994