This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Simulator Motion Base Sizing Using Simulation
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has proposed building the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). As proposed, the NADS will move the simulator's cab so that realistic motion cues are provided to the simulator's driver. It is necessary to determine the motion base capabilities that the NADS will need to simulate different severities and types of driving maneuvers with adequate simulated motion fidelity.
The objectives of this study were (1) to develop tools, based on existing vehicle dynamics simulations, simulator washout algorithms, and human perceptual models, that allow required motion base capabilities to be determined and (2) to use these tools to perform analyses that determine the motion base capabilities needed by the NADS.
The NADS motion base configuration examined during this study, which may not correspond to that used when the NADS is actually constructed, includes an X-Y Carriage capable of large excursions. Riding on top of the X-Y Carriage is a Hexapod that can perform smaller motions in all three directions and generate rotations about all three axes. On top of the Hexapod is a Yaw Turntable which allows for continuous yaw rotation. The simulator cab is on the Yaw Turntable.
Ideally, NADS will be able to simulate motions with sustained accelerations of up to 0.8 g with a scale factor (a multiplicative factor applied to all accelerations and rotations) of at least 0.50. Meeting this specification for the washout algorithm studied and the motion fidelity requirements used requires a motion base that has ±120 feet of X-Y Carriage travel. Building a motion base of this size will be an engineering challenge.
It may be acceptable to use a scale factor as low as 0.375 with the NADS. Using the lower scale factor drops the required X-Y Carriage travel to ±45 feet.
This study also found that a limited (as compared to continuous or unlimited) rotation Yaw Turntable may well be adequate for the NADS.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Riley Garrott, W., "Simulator Motion Base Sizing Using Simulation," SAE Technical Paper 940227, 1994, https://doi.org/10.4271/940227.Also In
References
- Haug, E.J. et al. Feasibility Study and Conceptual Design of a National Advanced Driving Simulator DOT HS 807 597 March 1990
- Reid, L.D. Grant, P.R. Motion-Base Development Package for NADS November 1991
- Reid, L.D. Grant, P.R. Motion-Base Development Package for NADS - Part 2: Including the Turntable January 1992
- Garrott, W.R. Sizing the Motion Base of the National Advanced Driving Simulator DOT HS 807 979 March 1993
- Reid, L.D. Nahon, M.A. Flight Simulation Motion-Base Drive Algorithms: Part 1 - Developing and Testing the Equations UTIAS Report No. 296 March 1985
- Reid, L.D. Nahon, M.A. Flight Simulation Motion-Base Drive Algorithms: Part 2 - Selecting the System Parameters UTIAS Report No. 307 May 1986
- Reid, L.D. Nahon, M.A. Flight Simulation Motion-Base Drive Algorithms: Part 3 - Pilot Evaluations UTIAS Report No. 319 December 1986
- Transportation Research Board Committee A3B06. Committee on Simulation and Measurement of Vehicle and Operator Performance Simulator Technology - Analysis of Applicability to Motor Vehicle Travel Transportation Research Circular Number 388 February 1992
- Allen, R.W. Stein, A.G. Hogue, J.R. Mitchell, D.G. Owens, K.J. National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) Requirements Study Systems Technology, Inc., Technical Report 1256-2 1992
- Jex, H.R. Magdaleno, R.E. Jewell, W.F. “Effects on Target Tracking of Motion Simulator Drive-Logic Filters,” October 1981
- Sinacori, J.B. “The Determination of Some Requirements for a Helicopter Flight Research Simulation Facility,” September 1977
- Allen, R.W. Rosenthal, T.J. Klyde, P.H. Owens, K.J. Szostak, H.T. “Validation of Ground Vehicle Computer Simulations Developed for Dynamics Stability Analysis,” SAE Paper 920054 February 1992
- Allen, R.W. Szostak, H.T. Rosenthal, T.J. Klyde, D.H. Owens, K.J. “Characteristics Influencing Ground Vehicle Lateral/Directional Dynamic Stability,” SAE Paper 910234 February 1991
- Allen, R.W. Szostak, H.T. Rosenthal, T.J. Klyde, D.H. Owens, K.J. Vehicle Dynamic Stability and Rollover Systems Technology, Inc. Technical Report 1268-1 January 1991
- Allen, R.W. Szostak, H.T. Rosenthal, T.J. “Steady State and Transient Analysis of Ground Vehicle Handling,” SAE Paper 870495 February 1987
- Allen, R.W. Rosenthal, T.J. Szostak, H.T. Analytical Modeling of Driver Response in Crash Avoidance Maneuvering - Volume I: Technical Background DOT HS 807 270 April 1988
- Allen, R.W. Rosenthal, T.J. Szostak, H.T. Analytical Modeling of Driver Response in Crash Avoidance Maneuvering - Volume II: An Interactive Tire Model for Driver-Vehicle Simulation DOT HS 807 271 April 1988
- Allen, R.W. Rosenthal, T.J. Szostak, H.T. Analytical Modeling of Driver Response in Crash Avoidance Maneuvering - Volume III: A Trim Model and Computer Program for Determining Ground Vehicle Steady State Operating Conditions and Quasi-linear Stability Coefficients DOT HS 807 272 April 1988
- MacAdam, C.C. Fancher, P.S. Hu, G.T. Gillespie, T.D. A Computerized Model for Simulating the Braking and Steering Dynamics of Trucks, Tractor-Semi Trailers, Doubles and Triples Combinations: User's Manual --Phase 4, UM-HSRI-80-58 September 1980
- Murphy, R.W. Bernard, J.E. Winkler, C.B. A Computer-Based Method for Predicting the Braking Performance of Trucks and Tractor-Trailers - Phase I Report September 1972
- Bernard, J.E. Winkler, C.B. Fancher, P.S. A Computer Base Mathematical Method for Predicting the Directional Response of Trucks and Truck-Trailers - Phase II Technical Report June 1973
- Winkler, C.B. Bernard, J.E. Fancher, P.S. MacAdam, C.C. Post, T.M. Johnson, L.K. Predicting the Braking Performance of Trucks and Tractor-Trailers -Phase III Technical Report June 1976
- Gillespie, T.D. MacAdam, C.C. Hu, G.T. Truck and Tractor-Trailer Dynamic Response Simulation -T3DRS:V1 User's Manual June 1979
- Gutman, Y. Filshtinsky, M. “Motion Analysis of a Driving Simulator With Nine Degrees-of-Freedom,” Evans and Sutherland Corporation 1987
- Gum, D.R. “Modeling of the Human Force and Motion-Sensing Mechanisms,” June 1973
- Zacharias, G.L. “Motion Cue Models for Pilot -Vehicle Analysis,” May 1978
- Reid, L.D. Grant, P.R. “Motion Algorithm for a Large Displacement Driving Simulator,” 1993 TRB Meeting January 1993