This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Evaluation and Application of a Portable Tailpipe Emissions Measurement Apparatus for Field Use
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This paper discusses the evaluation and application of a portable parked-vehicle tailpipe emissions measurement apparatus (EMA). The EMA consists of an exhaust dilution system and a portable instrument package. The EMA instantaneously dilutes and cools a sample of exhaust with compressed nitrogen or air at a known dilution ratio, thereby presenting it to instruments as it is presented to personnel in the surrounding environment. The operating principles and governing equations of the EMA are presented.
A computational method is presented to determine the engine operating and performance parameters from the exhaust CO2 concentrations along with an assumed engine overall volumetric efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. The parameters determined are fuel/air ratio, mass flow rates of fuel, air and exhaust emissions, and engine brake torque and horsepower. These calculated engine parameters are used to characterize engine load when performing EMA in-field tailpipe sampling without a dynamometer, and to detect deteriorated engines.
Evaluations of the EMA by comparison of diesel tailpipe measurements with those made using laboratory-grade instruments showed that the EMA measurements are accurate and reproducible. The results also show that the EMA is capable of detecting emission concentration changes resulting from engine faults. Calculated engine operating and performance parameters correlate and compare well with laboratory-measured values.
The EMA in-field engine loading and tailpipe sampling procedures for parked vehicles are presented, and results of the EMA field measurements are also presented. Low coefficients of variation for repeat EMA tailpipe measurements on diesel-powered haulage vehicles in four underground mines indicate that the EMA in-field engine loading and tailpipe sampling procedures are reproducible.
An analysis of EMA tailpipe measurements for three haulage vehicles in one mine shows that the EMA can: 1) identify haulage vehicles that emit excessively high pollutant concentrations, and 2) provide data needed to evaluate and determine the efficiency and effectiveness of tailpipe emission control devices.
Finally, recommendations for a proposed commercial EMA system are presented. This commercial system would overcome many of the adverse features of the prototype EMA used in these tests.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Chan, L., Carlson, D., and Johnson, J., "Evaluation and Application of a Portable Tailpipe Emissions Measurement Apparatus for Field Use," SAE Technical Paper 921647, 1992, https://doi.org/10.4271/921647.Also In
References
- Waytulonis, R.W. “The Effects of Maintenance and Time-in-Service on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions,” Paper No 30, Heavy-Duty Diesel Emission Control: A Review of Technology CIM Special 36
- Johnson, J.H. Reinbold, E.O. Carlson, D.H. “The Engineering Control of Diesel Pollutants in Underground Mining,” SAE Paper No. 810684 1981
- Johnson, J. H. Carlson, D.H. Schimmelman, M.K. “Monitoring and Control of Mine Air Diesel Pollutants: Mine Measurements and Interpretation Relative to Standards and Control Technology, Design and Development of a Tailpipe Emissions Measurement Apparatus (EMA) and Onboard Drift Ventilation Systems Evaluation,” Annual Task Report to the U.S. Bureau of Mines, contract No. J0199125 Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI 1984
- Carlson, D.H. Chan, L.M. Johnson, J.H. “Laboratory Evaluation of the Mine Diesel Tailpipe Emissions Measurement Apparatus,” Proceedings of the 3rd. Symposium on Respirable Dust in the Mineral Industries Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration 377 382 Pittsburgh, PA Oct. 17 19 1990
- Chan, L.M. “The Development of a Diesel Emissions Measurement Methodology for Controlling Underground Mine Ambient Air Quality” Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI 1991
- Baumgard, K.J. Bickel K.L. “Development and Effectiveness of Ceramic Diesel Particle Filters,” BuMines IC 9141 1987 94 102
- Kittelson, D.B. Johnson, J.H. “Variability in Particle Emission Measurements in the Heavy Duty Transient Test” SAE Paper No. 910738 1991
- Heywood, J.B. “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals,” McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1988 55
- Holtz, J. C “Safety With Mobile Diesel-Powered Equipment Underground,” BuMines RI 5616 1960 87
- Chan, L.M. Carlson, D.H. Johnson, J.H. “Mine Diesel Vehicle Tailpipe Pollutants Deterioration Criteria,” Mining Engineering July 1992