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Application of a New Fleet Test Procedure to Investigate Emulsion Formation Tendencies of Motor Oils
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Abstract
There is concern over water-in-oil emulsion formation in passenger cars in the field. Crankcase pressure measurements in the ASTM Sequence IID rust test have been used to indicate possible emulsion formation tendencies of lubricants. This paper presents the development of a short duration emulsion fleet test procedure which demonstrates low car-to- car variability and correlates well with a previous fourmonth winter emulsion fleet test. Physical emulsion characteristics and used oil analyses are described. Evaluation of both Sequence IID reference oils and commercial oils in this field test reveals a lack of correlation between Sequence IID crankcase pressure results and field performance.
The new procedure has been applied to investigate the impact of additive and base oil variations on the emulsion-forming tendencies of lubricants in the field. Base oil variables such as viscosity grade, composition, and volatility were evaluated. Additive variables included dispersant type and level, viscosity improver type, and detergent metal type. An additive system has been identified which is particularly effective in reducing the formation of water-in-oil emulsions in the field.
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Citation
Salomon, M., Galic, M., and Jaynes, S., "Application of a New Fleet Test Procedure to Investigate Emulsion Formation Tendencies of Motor Oils," SAE Technical Paper 912398, 1991, https://doi.org/10.4271/912398.Also In
References
- Berry E. Webster A.B. “Emulsion Formation in Gasoline Engines” “Lubricants for Automotive Engines” symposium London April 30 1969
- “Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Automotive Engine Oils, Part 1: Sequence IID” ASTM Special Technical Publication 315H (Part 1) September 15 1979
- ASTM Committee D2 Sequence ll/lll Information Letter No. 37 May 15 1984
- ASTM Committee D2 Sequence ll/lll Information Letter No. 49 February 12 1987
- Salomon M.F. Galic M. Jones R.N. Dix R.W. Stoffa J.V. Domonkos B.D. Covitch M.J. “Sequence IID Crankcase Pressure - Investigation of Condenser Plugging by Emulsion Formation” SAE Paper No. 892109 1989
- Lubricants Review Institute “Procedures of the Engine Oil Review Committee for Review of Engine Oils Under Military Specifications: MIL-L-2104E,MIL-L-21260D, MIL-L-46152E, MIL-L-46167B” October 1990