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Real-Time Non-Fuel Background Emissions
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Abstract
The state of California has adopted a “real-time” evaporative emission procedure that will be used starting with the 1995 model year. This test, which focuses on high temperature conditions, and measures all sources of evaporative emissions, represents a very stringent requirement. Non-fuel background emissions, i.e., paint, adhesives, and even air conditioning refrigerant, can be a significant fraction of the total measured emissions.
California has included a provision in their regulations that allows for the subtraction of background emissions, using a methodology to be developed in the future. This paper reviews the history of non-fuel emission regulations, provides data showing the magnitude of the problem using the new real-time procedure, and suggests a methodology for establishing a new background emission test procedure.
Using the procedures recommended in this paper, vehicle background emissions ranged from .09 to .25 grams per day for the three vehicles included in this study. Two sources of emissions that might be erroneously included in a background measurement were identified. These are fuel hose permeation and crankcase/intake system breathing losses. The effect of engine oil and other fluids was also quantified.
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Haskew, H., Cadman, W., Liberty, T., and Mitsopoulos, C., "Real-Time Non-Fuel Background Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 912373, 1991, https://doi.org/10.4271/912373.Also In
References
- 32 Fed. Reg. 2448
- Martens S. W. Thurston K. W. “Measurement of Total Vehicle Evaporative Emissions” SAE Paper 680125
- Martens S.W. “Evaporative Emissions with the SHED - A Second Progress Report” SAE Paper 690502
- California Air Resources Board “California Fuel Evaporative Emission Standard and Test Procedure for 1977 and Subsequent Model Gasoline Powered Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks” April 16 1975
- 41 Fed. Reg. 35626 “Final Evaporative Emission Regulations for Light Duty Vehicles and Trucks” August 23 1976
- Haskew H. M. Cadman W. R. “Evaporative Emissions Under Real-Time Conditions” SAE Paper 891121 Government/industry Meeting Washington, D.C. May 1989
- Haskew H. M. Cadman W. R. Liberty T. F. “The Development of a Real-Time Evaporative Emission Test” SAE Paper 901110 Government/industry Meeting Washington, D.C. May 1990
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- Allgood Chuck DuPont Corporation Cadman W.R. September 6 1991
- 33 Fed. Reg. 110 “Proposed 1970 Standards for Exhaust Emissions, Fuel Evaporative Emissions, and Smoke Emissions” January 4 1968
- 40 CFR 86.082-2 1988
- 40 CFR 86.082-2 1988
- California Air Resources Board “California Evaporative emissions Standards and Test Procedures for 1978 and Subsequent Model Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles Except Motorcycles” November 23 1978
- California Air Resources Board “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1978 and Subsequent Model Liquified Petroleum Gas or Gasoline -Powered Motor Vehicles,” March 9 1983
- Haskew H. M. Gumbleton J. J. “GM's In-Use Emissions Performance - Past, Present and Future” SAE Paper 881682 Fuels and Lubricants Meeting Portland, OR October 1988
- Haskew H. M. Liberty T. F. In-Use Emissions with Today's Closed Loop Systems” SAE Paper 910339 1991 International Congress Detroit, MI February 1991