This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Continuous Particulate Filter State of Health Monitoring Using Radio Frequency Sensing
Technical Paper
2018-01-1260
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Reliable means for on-board detection of particulate filter failures or malfunctions are needed to meet diagnostics (OBD) requirements. Detecting these failures, which result in tailpipe particulate matter (PM) emissions exceeding the OBD limit, over all operating conditions is challenging. Current approaches employ differential pressure sensors and downstream PM sensors, in combination with particulate filter and engine-out soot models. These conventional monitors typically operate over narrowly-defined time windows and do not provide a direct measure of the filter’s state of health. In contrast, radio frequency (RF) sensors, which transmit a wireless signal through the filter substrate provide a direct means for interrogating the condition of the filter itself. This study investigated the use of RF sensors for the continuous measurement of filter trapping efficiency, which was compared to downstream measurements with an AVL Microsoot Sensor, and a PM sampling probe simulating the geometry and installation configuration of a conventional PM sensor. The study included several particulate filter failure modes, both above and below the OBD threshold. The results confirmed the use of RF sensors to provide a direct and continuous measure of the particulate filter’s state of health over a range of typical in-use operating conditions, thereby significantly increasing the time window over which filter failures may be detected.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Sappok, A., Ragaller, P., Herman, A., Bromberg, L. et al., "Continuous Particulate Filter State of Health Monitoring Using Radio Frequency Sensing," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1260, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1260.Also In
References
- Dieselnet Emissions Standards, United States: Heavy-Duty On-Road Engines www.dieselnet.com 2015
- Dieselnet Emissions Standards, European Union: Heavy-Duty Truck and Bus Engines www.dieselnet.com 2015
- Euro 5/6 Standards (2009/2014): Regulation 715/2007 and Several Comitology Regulations http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/ld.php#stds
- Malfunction and Diagnostic System Requirements for 2004 and Subsequent Model-Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles and Engines (OBD II) 2016
- Environmental Protection Agency Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles: Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards; Final Rule 40 CFR Parts 79 79 81 2014
- Zhong , D. , He , S. , Tandon , P. , Moreno , M. et al. Measurement and Prediction of Filtration Efficiency Evolution of Soot Loaded Diesel Particulate Filters SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0363 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0363
- Konstandopoulos , A. and Johnson , J. Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters-Their Pressure Drop and Collection Efficiency SAE Technical Paper 890405 1989 10.4271/890405
- United States Department of Energy Multi-Year Program Plan: 2011-2015 Vehicle Technologies Program 2010
- Sappok , A. and Wong , V. Detailed Chemical and Physical Characterization of Ash Species in Diesel Exhaust Entering Aftertreatment Systems SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0318 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0318
- Rutland , C. , Foster , D. , Narayanaswamy , K. , and He , Y. Investigation into Different DPF Regeneration Strategies Based on Fuel Economy Using Integrated System Simulation SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1275 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1275
- Sappok , A. and Wong , V. Ash Effects on Diesel Particulate Filter Pressure Drop Sensitivity to Soot and Implications for Regeneration Frequency and DPF Control SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 1 380 396 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0811
- Rose , D. and Boger , T. Different Approaches to Soot Estimation as Key Requirement for DPF Applications SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1262 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1262
- Van Nieuwstadt , M. and Trudell , D. Diagnostics for Diesel Particulate Filters SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1422 2004 10.4271/2004-01-1422 2012-01-1732 10.4271/2012-01-1732
- Dittler , A. Ash Transport in Diesel Particle Filters SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1732 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1732
- Merkel , G. , Cutler , W. , and Warren , C. Thermal Durability of Wall-Flow Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filters SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0190 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0190
- Yang , K. , Fox , J.T. , and Hunsicker , R. Characterizing Diesel Particulate Filter Failure During Commercial Fleet Use due to Pinholes, Melting, Cracking, and Fouling Emiss. Control Sci. Technol. 2 145 2016 10.1007/s40825-016-0036-0
- Sappok , A. , Ragaller , P. , Herman , A. , Bromberg , L. et al. On-Board Particulate Filter Failure Prevention and Failure Diagnostics Using Radio Frequency Sensing SAE Int. J. Engines 10 4 1667 1682 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0950
- Masoudi , M. and Sappok , A. Soot (PM) Sensors Dieselnet Technology Guide 2014
- Ochs , T. , Schittenhelm , H. , Genssle , A. , and Kamp , B. Particulate Matter Sensor for On Board Diagnostics (OBD) of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 1 61 69 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0307
- Hoepfner , A. and Roduner , C. PM Sensor Based On-Board Diagnosis of Particulate Filter Efficiency SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1515 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1515
- Hopka , M. , Bilby , D. , and Van Nieuwstadt , M. Evaluation of Non-Contiguous PM Measurements with a Resistive Particulate Matter Sensor SAE Int. J. Engines 10 4 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0952
- Ntziachristos , L. , Amanatidis , S. , Samaras , Z. , Janka , K. et al. Application of the Pegasor Particle Sensor for the Measurement of Mass and Particle Number Emissions SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6 2 521 531 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1561
- Van Nieuwstadt , M. Monitoring for Gasoline Particulate Filters SAE OBD Symposium 2016
- Sappok , A. , Bromberg , L. , Parks , J. , and Prikhodko , V. Loading and Regeneration Analysis of a Diesel Particulate Filter with a Radio Frequency-Based Sensor SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-2126 2010 10.4271/2010-01-2126
- Sappok , A. and Bromberg , L. Radio Frequency Diesel Particulate Filter Soot and Ash Level Sensors: Enabling Adaptive Controls for Heavy-Duty Diesel Applications SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 7 2 468 477 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2349
- Nanjundaswamy , H. , Nagaraju , V. , Wu , Y. , Koehler , E. et al. Advanced RF Particulate Filter Sensing and Controls for Efficient Aftertreatment Management and Reduced Fuel Consumption SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0996 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0996
- Sappok , A. , Bromberg , L. , and Ragaller , P. Development of Radio Frequency Diesel Particulate Filter Sensor and Controls for Advanced Low-Pressure Drop Systems to Reduce Engine Fuel Consumption United States Department of Energy Annual Merit Review 2015
- Sappok , A. and Bromberg , L. Development of Radio Frequency Sensing for In-Situ Diesel Particulate Filter State Monitoring and Aftertreatment System Control ASME ICEF2013-19199, ASME ICED Fall Technical Conference 2013
- Rauch , D. , Kubinski , D. , Cavataio , G. , Upadhyay , D. et al. Ammonia Loading Detection of Zeolite SCR Catalysts using a Radio Frequency Based Method SAE Int. J. Engines 8 3 1126 1135 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0986
- Moos , R. Microwave-Based Catalyst State Diagnosis - State of the Art and Future Perspectives SAE Int. J. Engines 8 3 1240 1245 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1042
- Sappok , A. , Ragaller , P. , Bromberg , L. , Prikhodko , V. et al. Real-Time Engine and Aftertreatment System Control Using Fast Response Particulate Filter Sensors SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0918 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0918
- Sappok , A. , Ragaller , P. , Bromberg , L. , Natarajan , G. et al. Particulate Filter Soot Load Measurements using Radio Frequency Sensors and Potential for Improved Filter Management SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0943 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0943
- Tennison , P. , Szente , J. , Loos , M. , Korniski , T. et al. Determining Soot Distribution in the Vehicle Exhaust Downstream of a Faulty Diesel Particulate Filter SAE Int. J. Engines 6 2 1163 1177 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1562