This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Variable Valve Actuation Strategies for Better Efficiency Load Range and Thermal Management in an RCCI Engine
Technical Paper
2018-01-0254
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition concept for dual-fuel engines has multiple challenges of which some can be overcome using Variable Valve Actuation approaches. For various fuel combinations, the engine research community has shown that running dual-fuel engines in RCCI mode, improves thermal efficiency and results in ultra-low engine-out nitrous oxides and soot. However, stable RCCI combustion is limited to a certain load range, depending on available hardware. At low loads, the combustion efficiency can drop significantly, whereas at high loads, the maximum in-cylinder pressure can easily exceed the engine design limit.
In this paper, three VVA measures to increase load range, improve combustion efficiency, and perform thermal management are presented. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the potential of these VVA measures for a heavy-duty engine running on natural gas and diesel. First, TNO’s multi-zonal combustion model is introduced and validated using experimental data from a multi-cylinder heavy-duty engine operated in RCCI mode with variable intake timing. This combustion model is used in conjunction with a commercial zero-dimensional engine simulation tool to examine three different VVA strategies, each with its own advantage:
- 1Early intake valve closing for extending high load range
- 2Late intake valve opening for improved combustion efficiency at low load
- 3Exhaust valve double lift for improved combustion efficiency and thermal management (better after-treatment efficiency).
The latter two are especially important for dual-fuel engines using natural gas since they offer an effective means for CH4 slip reduction. It is shown that thanks to these measures, a heavy-duty engine can run with natural gas - diesel RCCI in the full load range and that significant CH4 reduction towards Euro VI limits is possible. The paper is concluded with an outlook on options to achieve these goals successfully on a real engine.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Mikulski, M., Balakrishnan, P., Doosje, E., and Bekdemir, C., "Variable Valve Actuation Strategies for Better Efficiency Load Range and Thermal Management in an RCCI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0254, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0254.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- Doosje , E. , Willems , F. , and Baert , R. Experimental Demonstration of RCCI in Heavy-Duty Engines Using Diesel and Natural Gas SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1318 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1318.
- Splitter , D. , Wissink , M. , DelVescovo , D. , and Reitz , R. RCCI Engine Operation Towards 60% Thermal Efficiency SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0279 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0279.
- Mikulski , M. and Bekdemir , C. Understanding the Role of Low Reactivity Fuel Stratification in a Dual Fuel RCCI Engine - A Simulation Study Applied Energy 191 689 708 2017 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.080
- Jia , Z. and Denbratt , I. Experimental Investigation of Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel RCCI in a Heavy-Duty Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 797 807 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0838
- Hanson , R. , Kokjohn , S. , Splitter , D. , and Reitz , R. An Experimental Investigation of Fuel Reactivity Controlled PCCI Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 700 716 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0864
- Yu , C. , Wang , J. , Yu , W. , Liu , J. , et al. Research on Low Temperature Combustion of Homogeneous Charge Induced Ignition (HCII) in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine SAE-China , FISITA Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress 189 195 204 2013 10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_15
- Desantes , J.M. , Benajes , J. , Garcia , A. , and Monsalve-Serrano , J. The Role of the in-Cylinder Gas Temperature and Oxygen Concentration over Low Load Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Efficiency Energy 78 854 868 2014 10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.080
- Benajes , J. , Molina , S. , García , A. , and Monsalve-Serrano , J. Effects of Direct Injection Timing and Blending Ratio on RCCI Combustion with Different Low Reactivity Fuels Energy Conversion and Management 99 193 209 2015 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.04.046
- Li , J. , Yang , W.M. , An , H. , Zhou , D.Z. et al. Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Reactivity Gradient in an RCCI Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Diesel Energy Conversion and Management 92 342 352 2015 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.071
- Li , K. , Wang , H. , Wei , Y. , and Liu , M. Preparation and Characterization of Ce1-xFexO 2 Complex Oxides and its Catalytic Activity for Methane Selective Oxidation Journal of Rare Earths 26 2 245 249 2008 10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60074-5
- Dempsey , A.B. , Walker , N.R. , Gingrich , E. , and Reitz , R.D. Comparison of Low Temperature Combustion Strategies for Advanced Compression Ignition Engines with a Focus on Controllability Combustion Science and Technology 186 2 210 241 2014 10.1080/00102202.2013.858137
- Splitter , D. , Wissink , M. , DelVescovo , D. , and Reitz , R. Improving the Understanding of Intake and Charge Effects for Increasing RCCI Engine Efficiency SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 913 927 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1325
- Dresner , T. and Barkan , P. A Review and Classification of Variable Valve Timing Mechanisms SAE Technical Paper 890674 1989 10.4271/890674.
- Molina , S. , García , A. , Pastor , J.M. , Belarte , E. et al. Operating Range Extension of RCCI Combustion Concept from Low to Full Load in a Heavy-Duty Engine Applied Energy 143 211 227 2015 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.035
- Hong , H. , Parvate-Patil , G.B. , and Gordon , B. Review and Analysis of Variable Valve Timing Strategies-eight Ways to Approach Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 218 10 1179 1200 2016 10.1177/095440700421801013
- Benajes , J. , Molina , S. , García , A. , Belarte , E. Potential of Miller Cycle in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion International Conference: SIA Powertrain Rouen May 21-22 2014
- Benajes , J. , Pastor , J.V. , García , A. , and Monsalve-Serrano , J. The Potential of RCCI Concept to Meet EURO VI nox Limitation and Ultra-Low Soot Emissions in a Heavy-Duty Engine Over the Whole Engine Map Fuel 159 952 961 2015 j.fuel.2015.07.064
- García Valladolid , P. , Tunestål , P. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , García , A. et al. Impact of diesel pilot distribution on the ignition process of a dual fuel medium speed marine engine Energy Conversion and Management 149 192 205 2017 j.enconman.2017.07.023
- Bharath , A. , Kalva , N. , Reitz , RD , Rutland CJ Use of Early Exhaust Valve Opening to Improve Combustion Efficiency and Catalyst Effectiveness in a Multi-Cylinder RCCI Engine System: A Simulation Study ASME. Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 2014 10.1115/ICEF2014-5534
- Yap , D. , Megaritis , A. , Wyszynski , M. , and Xu , H. Effect of Inlet Valve Timing on Boosted Gasoline HCCI with Residual Gas Trapping SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2136 2005 10.4271/2005-01-2136.
- Nevin , R. , Sun , Y. , Gonzalez D. , M. , and Reitz , R. PCCI Investigation Using Variable Intake Valve Closing in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0903 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0903.
- Fuerhapter , A. , Piock , W. , and Fraidl , G. CSI -Controlled Auto Ignition - The Best Solution for the Fuel Consumption - Versus Emission Trade-off? SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0754 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0754.
- Koopmans , L. , Ström , H. , Lundgren , S. , Backlund , O. et al. Demonstrating a SI-HCCI-SI Mode Change on a Volvo 5-Cylinder Electronic Valve Control Engine SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0753 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0753.
- Xie , H. , Li , L. , Chen , T. , Yu , W. et al. Study on Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Combustion with Positive Valve Overlap at Medium-High Load Applied Energy 101 622 633 2013 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.015
- Urushihara , T. , Hiraya , K. , Kakuhou , A. , and Itoh , T. Expansion of HCCI Operating Region by the Combination of Direct Fuel Injection, Negative Valve Overlap and Internal Fuel Reformation SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0749 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0749.
- Hunicz , J. and Kordos , P. An Experimental Study of Fuel Injection Strategies in CAI Gasoline Engine Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 35 1 243 252 2011 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.09.007
- Manofsky , L. , Vavra , J. , Assanis , D. , and Babajimopoulos , A. Bridging the Gap between HCCI and SI: Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1179 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1179.
- Badami , M. , Marzano , M. , and Nuccio , P. Influence of Late Intake-Valve Opening on the S.I. Engine-Performance in Idle Condition SAE Technical Paper 960586 1996 10.4271/960586.
- Milovanovic , N. , Chen , R. , and Turner , J. Influence of the Variable Valve Timing Strategy on the Control of a Homogeneous Charge Compression (HCCI) Engine SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1899 2004 10.4271/2004-01-1899.
- Bekdemir , C. , Baert , R. , Willems , F. , and Somers , B. Towards Control-Oriented Modeling of Natural Gas-Diesel RCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1745 2015 10.4721/2015-01-1745.
- Egüz , U. , Leermakers , C. A. , Somers , L. M. , and de Goey , L. P. Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Combustion Modelling with a Multi-Zone Approach Including Inter-Zonal Mixing Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 227 9 1313 1324 2013 10.1177/0954407012474193
- Indrajuana , A. , Bekdemir , C. , Luo , X. , and Willems , F. Robust Multivariable Feedback Control of Natural Gas-Diesel RCCI Combustion IFAC-Papers OnLine 49 11 217 222 2016 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.033
- Goodwin , D.G. , Moffat , H.K. , and Speth , R.L. 2017 10.5281/zenodo.170284
- Peters , N. , Paczko , G. , Seiser , R. , and Seshadri , K. Temperature Cross-Over and Non-thermal Runaway at two-Stage Ignition of N-Heptane Combustion and Flame 128 1-2 38 59 2002 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00331-5
- Smith , G.P. , Golden D.M. , Frenklach , M. , Moriarty N.W. , et al. http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/
- Chang , J. , Güralp , O. , Filipi , Z. , Assanis , D. et al. New Heat Transfer Correlation for an HCCI Engine Derived from Measurements of Instantaneous Surface Heat Flux SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2996 2004 10.4271/2004-01-2996.
- Mikulski , M. , Bekdemir , C. , and Willems , F. Experimental Validation of a Combustion Kinetics Based Multi-Zone Model for Natural Gas-Diesel RCCI Engines Symposium for Combustion Control Aachen, Germany June 15-16 2016