This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Residual Brake Torque Measurement on Dynamometer in Terms of Wheel Load and Side Forces
Technical Paper
2017-36-0016
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Residual brake torque (RBT) is generated in disc brakes as a result of contact between brake disc and brake pads when the braking pressure is not applied. Among the negative implications of RBT are, notably, dispensable additional fuel consumption as well as increased pad (taper) wear.
Several properties of the brake system have a direct influence on the level of residual torque [1].
A major effect is connected to the caliper properties determining the clearance gap. This is characterized by the default air gap between pads and disc and its distribution regarding vehicle inner and outer sides (piston and fist sides for floating type calipers).
Initial air gap is mainly influenced by the sealing grove design (between piston and housing, where the sealing ring is positioned). The retraction of the piston due to the sealing ring, also called rollback, mainly depends on the load case (e.g. applied pressure and temperature). Insufficient air gap will lead to residual clamping forces between pads and rotor and thus the friction coefficient itself influences residual brake torque directly.
In addition, there are also parameters which can exert influence on the residual brake torque, which are not caliper, but primarily rotor-related. These include axial thermal deformation, thermal coning effects, lateral runout (LRO) of the rotor due to geometrical tolerances and also LRO excited by tensioning the rotor to the wheel hub.
These influences on caliper drag are typically well known and understood at least qualitatively. To accomplish customer’s requirements according to RBT, the calipers are extensively tested (e.g. NEDC/WLTP, coast down, ATE) in different test procedures on dynamometers. Some test specifications contain ambitious requirements on the intended drag torque (e.g. less than 0.1 Nm).
In contrast to the requirements, other possible influencing parameters, e.g. disc deflection, caused by vehicle dynamics, is currently not included in any RBT-test on dynamometer. During e.g. curve driving, the lateral forces are generated between tire and road and can also be transferred into the rim/rotor/hub/bearing contact at the knuckle.
Additionally this is overlain by the wheel load. It must be assumed that the side forces and wheel load affect the deflection of the disc. Thus, this may also influence residual brake torque.
This paper shows Continental’s setup for application of wheel load and side forces on dynamometer. Based on previous results from vehicle test, the disc deflection during dynamic driving is characterized and the wheel load setup was enhanced to apply side forces. Different positions of side force and wheel load induction are compared.
Furthermore the setup is used to identify the influence of dynamic disc deflection on caliper drag. This is done with an exemplarily floating-type caliper (FN). Dedicated measurements illustrate the influence of left and right curve driving on the level of RBT.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Heavy Vehicle Disc Brake Components Design Using CAE Tools |
Journal Article | Drag Torque in Disk Brakes: Significance, Measurement and Challenges |
Technical Paper | Disc Brakes for Heavy Duty Trucks in Japan |
Authors
- Mathias Haag - Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG
- Achim Reich - Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG
- Angelo Sardá - Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG
- Michael Wurmlinger-Georg - Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG
- Martin Semsch - Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG
- Leonardo Felix Borim - Continental Automotive do Brasil Ltda
Topic
Citation
Haag, M., Reich, A., Sardá, A., Wurmlinger-Georg, M. et al., "Residual Brake Torque Measurement on Dynamometer in Terms of Wheel Load and Side Forces," SAE Technical Paper 2017-36-0016, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-36-0016.Also In
References
- Sardá , Gansen , Reich , Scharbach , Semsch Residual Torque in Disk Brakes: Significance, Measurement and Challenges Eurobrake 2013
- Continental Dynamic basic measurement Dynamic Test Field, Test Specification ATE N539.20.02 2015
- Haag , Reich , Sardá , Ashera Influence of Wheel Load and Side Force on Caliper Drag CC Simulation and Testing Conference 2015