This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development of Laminar Burning Velocity Correlation for the Simulation of Methanol Fueled SI Engines Operated with Onboard Fuel Reformer
Technical Paper
2017-01-0539
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Methanol fueled spark ignition (SI) engines have the potential for very high efficiency using an advanced heat recovery system for fuel reforming. In order to allow simulation of such an engine system, several sub-models are needed. This paper reports the development of two laminar burning velocity correlations, corresponding to two reforming concepts, one in which the reformer uses water from an extra tank to produce hydrogen rich gas (syngas) and another that employs the water vapor in the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) stream to produce reformed-EGR (R-EGR). This work uses a one-dimensional (1D) flame simulation tool with a comprehensive chemical kinetic mechanism to predict the laminar burning velocities of methanol/syngas blends and correlate it. The syngas is a mixture of H2/CO/CO2 with a CO selectivity of 6.5% to simulate the methanol steam reforming products over a Cu-Mn/Al catalyst. The simulation was exercised over syngas contents in the blend, fuel-air equivalence ratios, pressures, unburned gas temperatures and EGR ratios ranging respectively from 0% to 50%, 0.5 to 1.5, 10 to 85 bar, 550 to 800 K and 0% to 30% (by mass). The developed correlations are ready to be implemented into engine simulation tools as well as computational fluid dynamic codes. Based on the developed correlations, optimal control strategies and dilution methods have been studied. The engine is able to work with the same mass burning rate at leaner mixtures or lower intake charge temperatures with an onboard fuel reformer. If the engine is operated at stoichiometric condition, at the same mass fraction of methanol to the catalyst and the same EGR, the R-EGR concept is recommended because it provides a faster laminar burning velocity and does not require an extra tank of water for fuel reforming.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Nguyen, D. and Verhelst, S., "Development of Laminar Burning Velocity Correlation for the Simulation of Methanol Fueled SI Engines Operated with Onboard Fuel Reformer," SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0539, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0539.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Splitter , D. A. and Szybist , J. P. Experimental Investigation of Spark-Ignited Combustion with High-Octane Biofuels and EGR. 1. Engine Load Range and Downsize Downspeed Opportunity Energy & Fuels 28 2 1418 1431 2014 10.1021/ef401574p
- Caton , J. A Comparison of Lean Operation and Exhaust Gas Recirculation: Thermodynamic Reasons for the Increases of Efficiency SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0266 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0266
- Alger , T. , Gukelberger , R. , Gingrich , J. , and Mangold , B. The Impact of Cooled EGR on Peak Cylinder Pressure in a Turbocharged, Spark Ignited Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 455 463 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0744
- Gukelberger , R. , Gingrich , J. , Alger , T. , Almaraz , S. et al. LPL EGR and D-EGR® Engine Concept Comparison Part 1: Part Load Operation SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 570 582 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0783
- Gukelberger , R. , Gingrich , J. , Alger , T. , and Almaraz , S. LPL EGR and D-EGR® Engine Concept Comparison Part 2: High Load Operation SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 547 556 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0781
- Alger , T. , Gingrich , J. , and Mangold , B. The Effect of Hydrogen Enrichment on EGR Tolerance in Spark Ignited Engines SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0475 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0475
- Verhelst , S. and Wallner , T. Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 35 6 490 527 2009 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.08.001
- Allenby , S. , Chang , W. , Megaritis , A. , and Wyszyński , M. Hydrogen enrichment: a way to maintain combustion stability in a natural gas fuelled engine with exhaust gas recirculation, the potential of fuel reforming Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215 3 405 418 2001
- Park , C. , Choi , Y. , Kim , C. , Oh , S. et al. Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine using ethanol and ethanol-reformed gas Fuel 89 8 2118 2125 2010 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.018
- Ashida , K. , Maeda , H. , Araki , T. , Hoshino , M. et al. Study of an On-board Fuel Reformer and Hydrogen-Added EGR Combustion in a Gasoline Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 8 2 358 366 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0902
- Quader , A. , Kirwan , J. , and Grieve , M. Engine Performance and Emissions near the Dilute Limit with Hydrogen Enrichment using an On-Board Reforming Strategy SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1356 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1356
- Verhelst , S. Future vehicles will be driven by electricity, but not as you think [Point of View] Proceedings of the IEEE 102 10 1399 1403 2014 10.1109/JPROC.2014.2351191
- Cracknell , R. , Prakash , A. , and Head , R. Influence of Laminar Burning Velocity on Performance of Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1742 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1742
- Bromberg , L. and Cohn , D. R. Ultra-high efficiency alcohol engines using optimized exhaust heat recovery US Patent 9,234,482 2016
- Brown , F. L. A comparative study of fuels for on-board hydrogen production for fuel-cell-powered automobiles International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26 4 381 397 2001 10.1016/S0360-3199(00)00092-6
- Geissler , K. , Newson , E. , Vogel , F. , Truong , T. B. et al. Autothermal methanol reforming for hydrogen production in fuel cell applications Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 3 3 289 293 2001 10.1039/b004881j
- Peppley , B. A. , Amphlett , J. C. , Kearns , L. M. , and Mann , R. F. Methanol-steam reforming on Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 . Part 1: the reaction network Applied Catalysis A: General 179 1-2 21 29 1999 10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00298-1
- Poran , A. and Tartakovsky , L. Energy efficiency of a direct-injection internal combustion engine with high-pressure methanol steam reforming Energy 88 506 514 2015 10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.073
- Tartakovsky , L. , Amiel , R. , Baibikov , V. , Fleischman , R. et al. SI Engine with Direct Injection of Methanol Reforming Products-First Experimental Results SAE Techincal Paper 2015-32-0712 2015
- Lindner , B. and Sjöström , K. Operation of an internal combustion engine: lean conditions with hydrogen produced in an onboard methanol reforming unit Fuel 63 11 1485 1490 1984 10.1016/0016-2361(84)90211-4
- Pettersson , L. and Sjöström , K. An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the onboard decomposed methanol spark-ignition engine Combustion Science and Technology 71 1-3 129 143 1990 10.1080/00102209008951628
- Pettersson , L. and Sjöström , K. Onboard hydrogen generation by methanol decomposition for the cold start of neat methanol engines International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 16 10 671 676 1991 10.1016/0360-3199(91)90189-P
- Pettersson , L. and Sjöström , K. Decomposed Methanol as a Fuel-A review Combustion Science and Technology 80 4-6 265 303 1991 10.1080/00102209108951788
- Liao , C.-H. and Horng , R.-F. Investigation on the hydrogen production by methanol steam reforming with engine exhaust heat recovery strategy International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41 9 4957 4968 2016 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.100
- Lu , J. H. , Yeh , S. D. , and Lu , L. C. The efficiency improvement of motorcycle engine running with reformulated hydrogen rich gas driven by exhaust energy International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering (ICEICE), 2011 2754 2757 2011 10.1109/ICEICE.2011.5777066
- CHEM1D A one-dimensional laminar flame code, Eindhoven University of Technology https://www.tue.nl/en/university/departments/mechanical-engineering/research/research-groups/multiphase-and-reactive-flows/our-expertise/research-topics/chem1d/
- Li , J. , Zhao , Z. , Kazakov , A. , Chaos , M. et al. A comprehensive kinetic mechanism for CO, CH 2 O, and CH 3 OH combustion International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 39 3 109 136 2007 10.1002/kin.20218
- Held , T. J. and Dryer , F. L. A comprehensive mechanism for methanol oxidation International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 30 11 805 830 1998 10.1002/(Sici)1097-4601(1998)30:11<805::Aid-Kin4>3.0.Co;2-Z
- Olm , C. , Zsely , I. G. , Varga , T. , Curran , H. J. et al. Comparison of the performance of several recent syngas combustion mechanisms Combustion and Flame 162 5 1793 1812 2015 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.001
- Wang , H. , You , X. , Joshi , A. V. , Davis , S. G. et al. USC Mech Version II. High-Temperature Combustion Reaction Model of H 2 /CO/C1-C4 Compounds http://ignis.usc.edu/USC_Mech_II.htm 2007
- Sileghem , L. , Alekseev , V. A. , Vancoillie , J. , Nilsson , E. J. K. et al. Laminar burning velocities of primary reference fuels and simple alcohols Fuel 115 32 40 2014 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.004
- Vancoillie , J. , Christensen , M. , Nilsson , E. J. K. , Verhelst , S. et al. Temperature Dependence of the Laminar Burning Velocity of Methanol Flames Energy & Fuels 26 3 1557 1564 2012 10.1021/ef2016683
- Gibbs , G. and Calcote , H. Effect of molecular structure on burning velocity Journal of chemical and engineering data 4 3 226 237 1959 10.1021/je60003a011
- Wiser , W. H. and Hill , G. R. A kinetic comparison of the combustion of methyl alcohol and methane Symposium (International) on Combustion 5 1 553 558 1955 10.1016/S0082-0784(55)80073-2
- Prathap , C. , Ray , A. , and Ravi , M. R. Investigation of nitrogen dilution effects on the laminar burning velocity and flame stability of syngas fuel at atmospheric condition Combustion and Flame 155 1-2 145 160 2008 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.04.005
- Sun , H. Y. , Yang , S. I. , Jomaas , G. , and Law , C. K. High-pressure laminar flame speeds and kinetic modeling of carbon monoxide/hydrogen combustion Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31 439 446 2007 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.193
- McLean , I. C. , Smith , D. B. , and Taylor , S. C. The use of carbon monoxide/hydrogen burning velocities to examine the rate of the CO+OH reaction Symposium (international) on combustion 25 1 749 757 1994 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80707-1
- Hassan , M. I. , Aung , K. T. , and Faeth , G. M. Properties of laminar premixed CO/H 2 /air flames at various pressures Journal of Propulsion and Power 13 2 239 245 1997 10.2514/2.5154
- Kim , J. S. , Park , J. , Bae , D. S. , Vu , T. M. et al. A study on methane-air premixed flames interacting with syngas-air premixed flames International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35 3 1390 1400 2010 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.078
- Sun , S. Z. , Meng , S. , Zhao , Y. J. , Xu , H. H. et al. Experimental and theoretical studies of laminar flame speed of CO/H 2 in O 2 /H 2 O atmosphere International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41 4 3272 3283 2016 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.120
- Natarajan , J. , Lieuwen , T. , and Seitzman , J. Laminar flame speeds of H 2 /CO mixtures: Effect of CO 2 dilution, preheat temperature, and pressure Combustion and Flame 151 1-2 104 119 2007 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.05.003
- Vancoillie , J. , Verhelst , S. , and Demuynck , J. Laminar Burning Velocity Correlations for Methanol-Air and Ethanol-Air Mixtures Valid at SI Engine Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0846 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0846
- Papavasiliou , J. , Avgouropoulos , G. , and Ioannides , T. In situ combustion synthesis of structured Cu-Ce-O and Cu-Mn-O catalysts for the production and purification of hydrogen Applied Catalysis B-Environmental 66 3-4 168 174 2006 10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.03.011
- Ryan , T. and Lestz , S. The Laminar Burning Velocity of Isooctane, N-Heptane, Methanol, Methane, and Propane at Elevated Temperature and Pressures in the Presence of a Diluent SAE Technical Paper 800103 1980 10.4271/800103
- Metghalchi , M. and Keck , J. C. Burning Velocities of Mixtures of Air with Methanol, Isooctane, and Indolene at High-Pressure and Temperature Combustion and Flame 48 2 191 210 1982 10.1016/0010-2180(82)90127-4
- Gülder , Ö. L. Laminar burning velocities of methanol, ethanol and isooctane-air mixtures Symposium (international) on combustion 19 1 275 281 1982 10.1016/S0082-0784(82)80198-7
- Martz , J. B. , Middleton , R. J. , Lavoie , G. A. , Babajimopoulos , A. et al. A computational study and correlation of premixed isooctane-air laminar reaction front properties under spark ignited and spark assisted compression ignition engine conditions Combustion and Flame 158 6 1089 1096 2011 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.014
- Muller , U. C. , Bollig , M. , and Peters , N. Approximations for burning velocities and Markstein numbers for lean hydrocarbon and methanol flames Combustion and Flame 108 3 349 356 1997 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00110-1
- Saeed , K. and Stone , C. R. Measurements of the laminar burning velocity for mixtures of methanol and air from a constant-volume vessel using a multizone model Combustion and Flame 139 1-2 152 166 2004 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.008
- Liu , X. L. , Ji , C. W. , Gao , B. B. , Wang , S. F. et al. A laminar flame speed correlation of hydrogen-methanol blends valid at engine-like conditions International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 35 15500 15509 2013 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.031
- Nguyen , D.-K. and Verhelst , S. The temperature dependence of Laminar burning velocities of methanol-syngas-air flames FISITA 2016 World Automotive Congress Busan, Korea 2016
- Hirasawa , T. , Sung , C. J. , Joshi , A. , Yang , Z. et al. Determination of laminar flame speeds using digital particle image velocimetry: Binary Fuel blends of ethylene, n-Butane, and toluene Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29 2 1427 1434 2002 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80175-4
- Law , C. K. Combustion Physics Cambridge University Press 2010 1139459244
- Lavoie , G. A. , Martz , J. , Wooldridge , M. , and Assanis , D. A multi-mode combustion diagram for spark assisted compression ignition Combustion and Flame 157 6 1106 1110 2010 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.009
- Middleton , R. J. , Martz , J. B. , Lavoie , G. A. , Babajimopoulos , A. et al. A computational study and correlation of premixed isooctane air laminar reaction fronts diluted with EGR Combustion and Flame 159 10 3146 3157 2012 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.04.014
- Tartakovsky , L. , Baibikov , V. , and Veinblat , M. Comparative Performance Analysis of SI Engine Fed by Ethanol and Methanol Reforming Products SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2617 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2617