This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Comparison of Laser-Extinction and Natural Luminosity Measurements for Soot Probing in Diesel Optical Engines
Technical Paper
2016-01-2159
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Soot emissions from diesel internal combustion engines are strictly regulated nowadays. Laser extinction measurement (LEM) and natural luminosity (NL) of sooty flames are commonly applied to study soot. LEM measures soot along the laser beam path and it can probe soot regardless of temperature. NL integrates the whole field of view and relies on soot temperature. In this work, a comparison of simultaneously recorded LEM and NL data has been performed in a heavy-duty optical engine. A 685 nm laser beam is used for LEM. The laser was modulated at 63 kHz, which facilitated subtraction of the background NL signal from the raw LEM data. By Beer-Lambert’s law, KL factor can be calculated and used as a metric to describe soot measurements. A compensation of transmitted laser intensity fluctuation and soot deposits on optical windows has been performed in this work. The data compensation successfully reduced the transmitted laser intensity fluctuation and made it possible to study in-cylinder low temperature soot residual. The KL curves were compared with NL curve in this work. In the late cycle the KL curve can successfully show the low temperature soot which is not detected by NL. The KL curve is found to rise about 2 CAD ahead of the corresponding NL curve due to liquid fuel spray disturbance. In this case, LEM is not a suitable method to calculate KL for analyzing the early soot formation if there are liquid phase fuel droplets crossing the probing laser beam.
Authors
Citation
Li, Z., Gallo, Y., Lind, T., Andersson, O. et al., "Comparison of Laser-Extinction and Natural Luminosity Measurements for Soot Probing in Diesel Optical Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2159, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2159.Also In
References
- Aronsson , U. , Chartier , C. , Andersson , Ö. , Egnell , R. et al. Analysis of the Correlation Between Engine-Out Particulates and Local Φ in the Lift-Off Region of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Using Raman Spectroscopy SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2009 2 1 645 660 10.4271/2009-01-1357
- Lequien , G. , Andersson , Ö. , Tunestal , P. , and Lewander , M. A Correlation Analysis of the Roles of Soot Formation and Oxidation in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE International 2013-01-2535 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2535
- Lind , T. , Li , Z. , Micó , C. , Olofsson , N. et al. Simultaneous PLIF Imaging of OH and PLII Imaging of Soot for Studying the Late-Cycle Soot Oxidation in an Optical Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 849 858 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0723
- Sjöholm , J. , Wellander , R. , Bladh , H. , Richter , M. et al. Challenges for In-Cylinder High-Speed Two-Dimensional Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 1607 1622 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1280
- O'Connor , J. and Musculus , M. In-Cylinder Mechanisms of Soot Reduction by Close-Coupled Post-Injections as Revealed by Imaging of Soot Luminosity and Planar Laser-Induced Soot Incandescence in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 673 693 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1255
- Lilik , G. , Mueller , C. , Dumitrescu , C. , and Gehrke , C. The Visualization of Soot Late in the Diesel Combustion Process by Laser Induced Incandescence with a Vertical Laser Sheet SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 716 734 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0801
- Bartok W, S.A. Fossil Fuel Combustion 1991 New York Wiley
- Shen , M. , Malmborg , V. , Gallo , Y. , Waldheim , B. et al. Analysis of Soot Particles in the Cylinder of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine with High EGR SAE Technical Paper 2015-24-2448 2015 10.4271/2015-24-2448
- Bertoli , C. , Del Giacomo , N. , and Beatrice , C. Diesel Combustion Improvements by the Use of Oxygenated Synthetic Fuels SAE Technical Paper 972972 1997 10.4271/972972
- Li , Z. , Song , C. , Song , J. , Lv , G. et al. Evolution of the nanostructure, fractal dimension and size of in-cylinder soot during diesel combustion process Combustion and Flame 2011 158 8 1624 1630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.006
- Song , C. , Zhao , Z. , Lv , G. , Song , J. et al. Carbonyl compound emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel and ethanol-diesel blend Chemosphere 2010 79 11 1033 1039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.061
- Ohmstede , G. and Hentschel , W. Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy: Evaluation of Temperature for Various EGR Rates in a DI-Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 952516 1995 10.4271/952516
- Musculus , M.P.B. and Pickett , L.M. Diagnostic considerations for optical laser-extinction measurements of soot in high-pressure transient combustion environments Combustion and Flame 2005 141 4 371 391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.01.013
- Siebers , D. and Higgins , B. Flame Lift-Off on Direct-Injection Diesel Sprays Under Quiescent Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0530 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0530
- Xu , Y. and Lee , C. Investigation of Soot Formation in Diesel Combustion Using Forward Illumination Light Extinction (FILE) Technique SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1411 2004 10.4271/2004-01-1411
- Cenker , E. , Bruneaux , G. , Pickett , L. , and Schulz , C. Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN), Spray A: Effects of Ambient Temperature and Oxygen Concentration SAE Int. J. Engines 6 1 352 365 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0901
- Manin , J. , Pickett , L. , and Skeen , S. Two-Color Diffused Back-Illumination Imaging as a Diagnostic for Time-Resolved Soot Measurements in Reacting Sprays SAE Int. J. Engines 6 4 1908 1921 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2548
- Gallo , Y. , Simonsson , J. , Lind , T. , Bengtsson , P. et al. A Study of In-Cylinder Soot Oxidation by Laser Extinction Measurements During an EGR-Sweep in an Optical Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0800 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0800
- Musculus , M. , Dec , J. , and Tree , D. Effects of Fuel Parameters and Diffusion Flame Lift-Off on Soot Formation in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0889 2002 10.4271/2002-01-0889
- Dec , J. and Espey , C. Chemiluminescence Imaging of Autoignition in a DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 982685 1998 10.4271/982685
- Mueller , C. and Martin , G. Effects of Oxygenated Compounds on Combustion and Soot Evolution in a DI Diesel Engine:Broadband Natural Luminosity Imaging SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1631 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1631
- Andersson , Ö. Experiment!: Planning, Implementing and interpreting 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Blaisot , J.B. and Yon , J. Droplet size and morphology characterization for dense sprays by image processing: application to the Diesel spray Experiments in Fluids 2005 39 6 977 994 10.1007/s00348-005-0026-4
- Li , K. , Dong , P. , Matsuo , T. , Shi , B. et al. Characteristics of Diesel Spray Flame under Flat Wall Impinging Condition --LAS, OH* Chemiluminescence and Two Color Pyrometry Results SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2636 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2636