This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Extensive Investigation of a Common Rail Diesel Injector Regarding Injection Characteristics and the Resulting Influences on the Dual Fuel Pilot Injection Combustion Process
Technical Paper
2016-01-0780
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Natural gas and especially biogas combustion can be seen as one of the key technologies towards climate-neutral energy supply. With its extensive availability, biogas is amongst the most important renewable energy sources in the present energy mix. Today, the use of gaseous fuels is widely established, for example in cogeneration units for combined heat and power generation. In contrast to conventional spark plug ignition, the combustion can also be initialized by a pilot injection. In order to further increase engine efficiency, this article describes the process for a targeted optimization of the pilot fuel injection. One of the crucial points for a more efficient dual fuel combustion process, is to optimize the amount of pilot injection in order to increase overall engine efficiency, and therefore decrease fuel consumption. In this connection, the injection system plays a key role. In the following, a detailed description is given for the systematic investigation and validation of a common rail diesel injector. At first, the injection rate as well as the injector’s spray pattern are measured and analyzed, especially at very short energizing times. The results indicate a very stable and repeatable injector operation, even with very short energizing durations. Moreover, the correlation between energizing time and injected fuel mass remains linear. Secondly, the interference between in-cylinder flow and pilot injection at various injection timings and pressures is investigated by means of three-dimensional CFD simulations. According to the numerical results, the in-cylinder charge motion is not likely to significantly impede the ignition of the pilot injected fuel mass. Even at very low injection pressure and short injection duration conditions, the spray formation remains controllable. Finally, experimental investigations verify the detailed determination of the pilot injection process under real engine conditions. The substitution rate could be maximized to approximately 97.8 %, yet in this case the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons are considerably higher. Moreover, the results clearly indicate, that the actual pilot injection timing has to be carefully adjusted according to the specific engine.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zirngibl, S. and Wachtmeister, G., "Extensive Investigation of a Common Rail Diesel Injector Regarding Injection Characteristics and the Resulting Influences on the Dual Fuel Pilot Injection Combustion Process," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0780, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0780.Also In
References
- Karim G. A. Dual-Fuel Diesel Engines Boca Raton CRC Press 2015
- Heywood J. B. Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals USA McGraw-Hill 1988
- Wloka J. A. , Pötsch C. and Wachtmeister G. Injection Spray Visualization for 3000 bar Diesel Injection ILASS - Europe 2011, 24th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems 2011
- Barik D. and Murugan S. Investigation on Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI (Direct Injection) Diesel Engine Fueled with Biogas-Diesel in Dual Fuel Mode Energy 72 760 771 2014
- Abd Alla , G. , Soliman , H. , Badr , O. , and Abd Rabbo , M. Effect of Pilot Fuel Quantity on the Performance of a Dual Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3597 1999 10.4271/1999-01-3597
- Selim M. Y. Sensitivity of Dual Fuel Engine Combustion and Knocking Limits to Gaseous Fuel Composition Energy Conversion and Management 45 411 425 2004
- Kubesh , J. and Brehob , D. Analysis of Knock in a Dual-Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 922367 1992 10.4271/922367
- Uma R. , Kandpal T. C. and Kishore V. V. N. Emission Characteristics of an Electricity Generation System in Diesel Alone and Dual Fuel Modes Biomass and Bioenergy 27 195 203 2004
- Liu J. , Yang F. , Wang H. , Ouyang M. and Hao S. Effects of Pilot Fuel Quantity on the Emissions Characteristics of a CNG/Diesel Dual Fuel Engine with Optimized Injection Timing Applied Energy 110 201 206 2013
- Wagemakers , A. and Leermakers , C. Review on the Effects of Dual-Fuel Operation, Using Diesel and Gaseous Fuels, on Emissions and Performance SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0869 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0869
- Carlucci A. , de Risi A. d. , Laforgia D. and Naccarato F. Experimental Investigation and Combustion Analysis of a Direct Injection Dual-Fuel Diesel-Natural Gas Engine Energy 33 256 263 2008
- Kusaka J. , Daisho Y. , Kihara R. and Saito T. Combustion and Exhaust Gas Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Dual-Fueled with Natural Gas The Fourth International Symposium COMODIA 555 560 1998
- Karim , G. , Jones , W. , and Raine , R. An Examination of the Ignition Delay Period in Dual Fuel Engines SAE Technical Paper 892140 1989 10.4271/892140
- Prakash , G. , Ramesh , A. , and Shaik , A. An Approach for Estimation of Ignition Delay in a Dual Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0232 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0232
- Gebert , K. , Beck , N. , Barkhimer , R. , and Wong , H. Strategies to Improve Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dual-Fuel Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engines SAE Technical Paper 971712 1997 10.4271/971712
- Imran S. , Emberson D. , Ihracska B. , Wen , D. , Crookes R. and Korakianitis T. Effect of Pilot Fuel Quantity and Type on Performance and Emissions of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Based Combustion International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 5163 5175 2014
- Sombatwong P. , Thaiyasuit P. and Pianthong K. Effect of Pilot Fuel Quantity on the Performance and Emissions of a Dual Producer Gas-Diesel Engine Energy Procidia 34 218 227 2013
- Lin , Z. and Su , W. A Study On the Determination of the Amount of Pilot Injection and Rich and Lean Boundaries of the Pre-Mixed CNG/ Air Mixture for a CNG/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0765 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0765
- Poonia , M. , Ramesh , A. , and Gaur , R. Effect of Intake Air Temperature and Pilot Fuel Quantity on the Combustion Characteristics of a LPG Diesel Dual Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 982455 1998 10.4271/982455
- Abd Alla G. , Soliman H. , Badr O. and Abd Rabbo M. Effect of Injection Timing on the Performance of a Dual Fuel Engine Energy Conversion & Management 43 269 277 2002
- Ryu K. Effects of Pilot Injection Timing on the Combustion and Emissions Characteristics in a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel-CNG Dual Fuel Applied Energy 111 721 730 2013
- Nwafor O. Effect of Advanced Injection Timing on Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Running on Natural Gas Renewable Energy 32 2361 2368 2007
- Gunea , C. , Razavi , M. , and Karim , G. The Effects of Pilot Fuel Quality on Dual Fuel Engine Ignition Delay SAE Technical Paper 982453 1998 10.4271/982453
- Wong , C. and Steere , D. The Effects of Diesel Fuel Properties and Engine Operating Conditions on Ignition Delay SAE Technical Paper 821231 1982 10.4271/821231
- Nwafor O. Effect of Choice of Pilot Fuel on the Performance of Natural Gas in Diesel Engines Renewable Energy 21 495 504 2000
- Bosch W. Der Einspritzgesetz-Indikator, ein neues Meßgerät zur direkten Bestimmung des Einspritzgesetzes von Einspritzpumpen Motorentechnische Zeitschrift 268 272 July 1964
- Nicholls J. , Harrje D. and Reardon F. Stream and Droplet Breakup by Shock Waves NASA SP-194 126 128 1972
- Reitz , R. and Diwakar , R. Effect of Drop Breakup on Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 860469 1986 10.4271/860469
- Huh K. and Gosmann A. A Phenomenological Model of Diesel Spray Atomisation Proc. Int. Conf. on Multiphase Flows (ICMF'91) 1991
- Hossainpour S. and Binesh A. Investigation of Fuel Spray Atomization in a DI Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine and Comparison of Various Spray Breakup Models Fuel 88 799 805 2009
- Barroso , G. , Schneider , B. , and Boulouchos , K. An Extensive Parametric Study on Diesel Spray Simulation and Verification with Experimental Data SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3230 2003 10.4271/2003-01-3230
- Bridge Analyzers Lambda Calculation - The Brettschneider Equation, General Principles and Methods White Paper No. 1 2003
- Liu , Z. and Karim , G. The Ignition Delay Period in Dual Fuel Engines SAE Technical Paper 950466 1995 10.4271/950466
- Papagiannakis R. and Hountalas D. Experimental Investigation Concerning the Effect of Natural Gas Percentage on Performance and Emissions of a DI Dual Fuel Engine Applied Thermal Engineering 23 353 365 2003
- Ahmad - I, N. , Babu , M. , and Ramesh , A. Experimental Investigations of Different Parameters Affecting the Performance of a CNG - Diesel Dual Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3767 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3767