This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development and Validation of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Version 5 Containing Multiple 1D Muscles for Estimating Occupant Motions with Muscle Activation During Side Impacts
Technical Paper
2015-22-0003
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Accurate prediction of occupant head kinematics is critical for better understanding of head/face injury mechanisms in side impacts, especially far-side occupants. In light of the fact that researchers have demonstrated that muscle activations, especially in neck muscles, can affect occupant head kinematics, a human body finite element (FE) model that considers muscle activation is useful for predicting occupant head kinematics in real-world automotive accidents. In this study, we developed a human body FE model called the THUMS (Total HUman Model for Safety) Version 5 that contains 262 one-dimensional (1D) Hill-type muscle models over the entire body. The THUMS was validated against 36 series of PMHS (Post Mortem Human Surrogate) and volunteer test data in this study, and 16 series of PMHS and volunteer test data on side impacts are presented. Validation results with force-time curves were also evaluated quantitatively using the CORA (CORrelation and Analysis) method. The validation results suggest that the THUMS has good biofidelity in the responses of the regional or full body for side impacts, but relatively poor biofidelity in its local level of responses such as brain displacements. Occupant kinematics predicted by the THUMS with a muscle controller using 22 PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers were compared with those of volunteer test data on low-speed lateral impacts. The THUMS with muscle controller reproduced the head kinematics of the volunteer data more accurately than that without muscle activation, although further studies on validation of torso kinematics are needed for more accurate predictions of occupant head kinematics.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Iwamoto, M. and Nakahira, Y., "Development and Validation of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Version 5 Containing Multiple 1D Muscles for Estimating Occupant Motions with Muscle Activation During Side Impacts," SAE Technical Paper 2015-22-0003, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-22-0003.Also In
References
- Abe , H. , Hayashi , K. , Sato , M. 1996 Data book on mechanical properties of living cells, tissues, and organs Springer-Verlag Tokyo
- Agur , A.M.R. , Dalley , A.F. II 2005 Grant's atlas of anatomy 11 th Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Baltimore, Maryland
- Allsop , D.Y. , Warner , C.Y. , Wille , M.G. , Schneider D.C. , Nahum A.M. 1998 Facial impact response - A comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver Proc. 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference 139 155 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Bain , A.C. , Meaney , D.F. 2000 Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an experimental model of central nervous system white matter injury J. Biomech. Eng. 122 6 615 622
- Bendjellal , F. , Walfisch , G. , Fayon , A. , Tarriere , C. 1984 APR biomechanical data Nanterre, France
- Bolte , J.H. , Hines , M.H. , Herriott , R.G. , McFadden , J.D. , Donnelly , B.R. 2003 Shoulder impact response and injury due to lateral oblique loading Stapp Car Crash Journal 47 35 53
- Bouquet , R. , Ramet , M. , Bermond , F. , Cesari , D. 1994 Thoracic and pelvis human response to impact Proc. 14th ESV Conference
- Carlsson , S. , Davidsson , J. 2011 Volunteer occupant kinematics during initiated and autonomous braking when driving in real traffic environments Proc. IRCOBI Conference 125 136
- Cavanaugh , J.M. , Zhu , Y. , Huang , Y. , King , A.I. 1993 Injury and response of the thorax in side impact cadaveric tests Proc. 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference 933127 199 222
- Compigne , S. , Caire , Y. , Quesnel , T. , Verries , J.-P. 2004 Non-injurious and injurious impact response of the human shoulder three-dimensional analysis of kinematics and determination of injury threshld Stapp Car Crash Journal 48 89 123
- Dayna , P. , Abbott , L.F. 2001 Theoretical neuroscience: Computational and mathematical modeling of neural systems The MIT Press Cambridge Massachusetts, London, England
- Dibb , A.T. , Cox , C.A. , Nightingale , R.W. , Luck , J.F. , Cutcliffe , H.C. , Myers , B.S. , Arbogast , K.B. , Seacrist , T. , Bass , C.R. 2013 Importance of muscle activations for biofidelic pediatric neck response in computational models Traffic Injury Prevention 14 S116 S127
- Ejima , S. , Zama , Y. , Ono , K. , Kaneoka , K. , Shiina I. , Asada , H. 2009 Prediction of pre-impact occupant kinematics behavior based on the muscle activity during frontal collision Proc. 21st ESV Conference
- Ejima , S. , Ito , D. , Satou , F. , Mikami , M. , Ono , K. , Kaneoka , K. , Shiina , I. 2012 Effects of pre-impact swerving/steering on physical motion of the volunteer in the low-speed side-impact sled test Proc. IRCOBI Conference 352 366
- Forman , J.L. , Lopez-Valdes , F. , Lessley , D.J. , Riley , P. , Sochor , M. , Heltzel , S. , Ash , J. , Perz , R. , Kent , R.W. , Seacrist , T. , Arbogast , K.B. , Tanji , H. , Higuchi , K. 2013 Occupant kinematics and shoulder belt retention in far-side lateral and oblique collisions: A parametric study Stapp Car Crash Journal 57 343 385
- Galford , J.E. , McElhaney , J.H. 1970 A viscoelastic study of scalp, brain and dura Journal of Biomechanics 3 211 221
- Gehre , C. , Gades , H. , Wernicke , P. 2009 Objective rating of signals using test and simulation responses Proc. 21th ESV Conference
- Gehre , C. , Stahlschmidt , S. 2011 Assessment of dummy models by using objective rating methods Proc. 22th ESV Conference
- Gross , A.G. 1958 A new theory on the dynamics of brain damage Journal of Neurosurgery 15 548 561
- Guillemot , H. , Got , C. , Besnault , B. , Lavaste , F. , Robin , S. , Lecoz , J-Y. , Lassau , J-P. 1997 Pelvic injuries in side impact collisions: A field accident analysis and dynamic tests on isolated pelvic bones SAE Tech. Paper, No. 973322
- Hardy , W.N. , Foster , C.D. , Mason , M.J. , Yang , K.H. , King , A.I. , Tashman , S. 2001 Investigation of head injury mechanisms using neutral density technology and high-speed biplanar X-ray Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 337 368
- Hardy , W.N. , Mason , M.J. , Foster , C.D. , Shah , C.S. , Kopacz , J.M. , Yang , K.H. , King , A.I. 2007 A study of the response of the human cadaver head to impact Stapp Car Crash Journal 51 17 80
- Irwin , A.L. , Walilko , T.J. , Cavanaugh , J.M. , Zhu , Y. , King , A.I. 1993 Displacement responses of the shoulder and thorax in lateral sled impacts Proc. 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference 933124
- ISO/TR 9790 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic side impact dummy - lateral impact response requirements to assess the biofidelity of the dummy International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva, Switzerland 1999
- Iwamoto , M. , Miki , K. , Mohammad , M. , Nayef , A. , Yang , K.H. , Begeman , P.C. , King , A.I. 2000 Development of a finite element model of the human shoulder Stapp Car Crash Journal 44 281 297
- Iwamoto , M. , Nakahira , Y. , Kimpara , H. , Sugiyama , T. , Min , K. 2012 Development of a human body finite element model with multiple muscles and their controller for estimating occupant motions and impact responses in frontal crash simulation Stapp Car Crash Journal 56 231 268
- Iwamoto , M. , Nakahira , Y. , Kimpara , H. 2015 Development and validation of the total human model for safety (THUMS) toward further understanding of occupant injury mechanisms in precrash and during crash Traffic Injury Prevention 16 1 13
- Kemper , A.R. , Beeman , S. , Duma , S.M. 2011 Effects of pre-impact bracing on chest compression of human occupants in low-speed frontal sled tests Proc. 22nd ESV Conference
- Kimpara , H. , Nakahira , Y. , Iwamoto , M. , Miki , K. , Ichihara , K. , Kawano , S. , Taguchi , T. 2006 Investigation of anteroposterior head-neck responses during severe frontal impacts using a brain-spinal cord complex FE model Stapp Car Crash Journal 50 509 544
- Kleiven , S. , Hardy , W.N. 2002 Correlation of an FE model of the human head with local brain motion - Consequences for injury prediction Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 123 144
- Klinich , K. , Beebe , M. , Pritz , H. 1992 Performance criteria for a biofidelic dummy neck Draft Report U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Vehicle Research and Test Center East Liberty, Ohio
- Maltese , M.R. , Eppinger , R.H. , Rhule , H.H. , Donnelly , B.R. Pintar , F.A. , Yoganandan , N. 2002 Response corridors of human surrogates in lateral impacts Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 321 351
- Maxwell , W.L. , Povlishock , J.T. , Graham , D.L. 1997 A mechanistic analysis of nondisruptive axonal injury: A review J. Neurotrauma 14 7 419 440
- Melvin , J. , Shee , T. 1989 Facial injury assessment techniques Proc. 12th ESV Conference
- Nahum , A.M. , Smith , R. , Ward , C.C. 1977 Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact Proc. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference 770922
- Nyquist , G. , Cavanaugh , J. , Goldgerg , S. , King , A. 1986 Facial impact tolerance and response Proc. 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference 861896
- Osth J. , Brolin , K. , Carlsson , S. , Wismans , J. , Davidsson , J. 2012 The occupant response to autonomous braking: A modeling approach that accounts for active musculature Traffic Injury Prevention 13 265 277
- Park , G. , Kim , T. , Subit , D. , Donlon , J.P. , Crandall , J.R. , Svenderson , A. , Saunders , N. , Markulsic , C. 2014 Evaluation of biofidelity of finite element 50th percentile male human body model (GHBMC) under lateral shoulder impact condition Proc. IRCOBI Conference
- Rooij , L.V. 2011 Effect of various pre-crash braking strategies on simulated human kinematics response with varying levels of driver attention Proc. 22nd ESV Conference
- Samaha , R.R. , Elliott , D.S. 2003 NHTSA Side impact research: Motivation for upgraded test procedures Proc. 18th ESV Conference
- Schneider , L.W. , Robbins , D.H , Pflug , M.A. , Snyder , R.G. 1983 Anthropometry of motor vehicle occupants 2 UMTRI-83-53-2 NHTSA
- Singh , M. , Karpovich , P.V. 1968 Strength of forearm flexors and extensors in men and women Journal of Applied Physiology 25 2
- Tencer , A.F. , Kaufman , R. , Huber , P. , Mock , C. , Conway , C. , Routt , M.L. 2005 Reducing primary and secondary impact loads on the pelvis during side impact Proc. 19th ESV Conference
- Trosseille , X. , Tarriere , C. , Lavaste , F. , Guillon , F. , Domont , A. 1992 Development of a F.E.M. of the human head according to a specific test protocol Proc. 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference 922527
- Viano , D.C. 1989 Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact SAE Tech. Paper No. 892432
- Ward , C. , Chan , M. 1980 Intracranial pressure - A brain injury criterion Proc. 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference 801304 163 185
- Winters , J.M. , Crago , P.E. 2000 Biomechanics and neural control of posture and movement Springer-Verlag, Yew York Inc.
- Yacef , F. , Boudjedir , H. , Khebbache , H. , Bouhali , O. 2012 From PID to state feedback attitude stabilization of a quadrotor UAV International Journal of Information Technology, Control, and Automation (IJITCA) 2 3
- Yamada , H. 1970 Strength of biological materials Evans , F.G. The Williams & Wilkins Company Baltimore
- Yoganandan , N. , Pintar , F.A. , Sances , A. , Walsh , P.R , Ewing , C.L , Thomas , D.J. , Snyder , R.G. 1995 Biomechanics of skull fracture Journal of Neurotrauma 12 4 659 668