This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Characteristics of Nozzle Internal Flow and Near-Field Spray of Multi-Hole Injectors for Diesel Engines
Technical Paper
2015-01-1920
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The combustion process, emission formation and the resulting engine performance in a diesel engine are well known to be governed mainly by spray behaviors and the consequent mixture formation quality. One of the most important factors that affect the spray development is the nozzle configuration. Originally, single-hole diesel injector is usually applied in fundamental research to provide insights into the spray characteristics. However, the spray emerging from a realistic multi-hole injector approaches the practical engine operation situation better. Meanwhile, previous research has shown that the reduced nozzle hole diameter is effective for preparing more uniform mixture. In the current paper, a study about the effects of nozzle configuration and hole diameter on the internal flow and spray properties was conducted in conjunction with a series of experimental and computational methods. Two multi-hole nozzles (10 holes) with different hole diameter (D=0.10 mm and 0.07mm) and another two referential single-hole nozzles were applied in Mie-scattering experiments. High-speed images of sprays from each nozzle were freeze-captured at 10000 and 100000 frames per second under the condition of 2.0 mm3/hole injection quantity, 120 MPa injection pressure, 1.5 MPa ambient pressure, room temperature, and air environment. The experimental results revealed that under D=0.10 mm condition, the multi-hole nozzle had lower injection rate, longer injection duration, shorter spray tip penetration, and wider spray angle and spray cone angle compared to those of the single-hole nozzle. However, under D=0.07 mm condition, the differences of injection rate, injection duration, spray tip penetration, and spray angle between two nozzles were quite small, although multi-hole nozzle still had a little wider spray cone angle. Moreover, aiming to correlate the observed spray characteristics to the internal flow phenomenon, CFD simulation was also conducted under the same condition, which provided additional explanations for the spray behaviors.
Authors
Citation
Dong, P., Inaba, T., Nishida, K., Ogata, Y. et al., "Characteristics of Nozzle Internal Flow and Near-Field Spray of Multi-Hole Injectors for Diesel Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1920, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1920.Also In
References
- Heywood , J. Internal combustion engine fundamentals New York McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1988 27
- Bergwerk , W. Flow pattern in diesel nozzle spray holes Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs 1959 173 655 674
- Tennate , P.A. et al. Simulation of flow through single orifice nozzles ICLASS-90 Hartford, Connecticut 1990
- Hiroyasu , H. , Arai , M. and Shimizu , M. Break-up length of a liquid jet and internal flow in a nozzle ICLASS-91 Gaithersburg, Maryland July 1991
- Hiroyasu , H. and Arai , M. Structures of fuel sprays in diesel engines SAE paper 900475 1990
- Siebers , D. L. Liquid-phase fuel penetration in diesel sprays SAE paper 980809 1998
- Araneo , L. , Coghe , A. , Brunello , G. et al. Experimental investigation of gas density effects on diesel spray penetration and entrainment SAE paper 1999-01-0525 1999
- Kim , J. , Nishida , K. , Yoshizaki , T. and Hiroyasu , H. Characterization of Flows in the Sac Chamber and the Discharge Hole of a D.I. Diesel Injection Nozzle by Using a Transparent Model Nozzle SAE paper 972942
- Arcoumanis , C. , Flora , H. , Gavaises , M. et al. Investigation of cavitation in a vertical multi-hole diesel injector SAE paper 1999-01-0524 1999
- Battistoni , M. , Xue , Q. , Som , S. , and Pomraning , E. Effect of Off-Axis Needle Motion on Internal Nozzle and Near Exit Flow in a Multi-Hole Diesel Injector SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2014 7 1 167 182
- Xue Q. , Battistoni M. , Som S. , Quan S. et al. Eulerian CFD Modeling of Coupled Nozzle Flow and Spray with Validation Against X-Ray Radiography Data SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 1061 1072 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1425
- Schmidt , D. P. , Rutland , C. J. , Corradini , M. L. , Roosen , P. and Genge , O. Cavitation in asymmetric two-dimensional nozzles SAE paper 1999-01-0518 1999
- Arcoumanis , C. , Badami , M. , Flora , H. and Gavaises , M. Cavitation in real-size multi-hole diesel injector nozzles SAE paper 2000-01-1249 2000
- Afzal , H. , Arcoumanis , C. , Gavaises , M. and Kampanis , N. Internal flow in diesel injector nozzles: modelling and experiments Proceedings of IMechE Seminar on Fuel Injection Systems London 1999
- Gavaises , M. and Andriotis , A. Cavitation inside multi-hole injectors for large diesel engines and its effect on the near-field spray structure SAE paper 2006-01-1114 2006
- Andriotis , A. and Gavaises , M. Influence of vortex flow and cavitation on near-nozzle diesel spray dispersion angle Atomization and Sprays 2009 19 247 261
- Lai , M. , Zheng , Y. , Xie , X. , Moon , S. et al. Characterization of the Near-Field Spray and Internal Flow of Single-Hole and Multi-Hole Sac Nozzles using Phase Contrast X-Ray Imaging and CFD SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 703 719 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0681
- Eagle , W. E. , Morris , S. B. , and Wooldridge , M. S. High-speed imaging of transient diesel spray behavior during high pressure injection of a multi-hole fuel injector Fuel 2014 116 299 309
- Bergstrand , P. and Denbratt , I. Diesel Combustion with Reduced Nozzle Orifice Diameter SAE Paper 2001-01-2010 2001
- Benajes , J. , Molina , S. , De Rudder , K. et al. The use of micro-orifice nozzles and swirl in a small HSDI engine operating at a late split-injection LTC regime Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering 2006 220 1807 1817
- Pickett , L.M. and Siebers D.L. Orifice diameter effects on diesel fuel jet flame structure Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the Asme 2005 127 1 187 196
- Zhang , W. , Tian , J. , and Nishida , K. Effects of Nozzle Hole Diameter and Injection Pressure on Flame Lift-Off and Soot Formation in D.I. Diesel Combustion SAE Paper 2011-01-1813 2011
- Bower , G. and Foster , D. A Comparison of the Bosch and Zuech Rate of Injection Meters SAE Paper 910724 1991
- Mulemane , A. , Subramaniyam , S. , Lu , P-H. , Han , J-S. , Lai , M-C. and Poola , R. Comparing cavitation in diesel injectors based on different modeling approaches SAE paper 2004-01-0027 2004
- Battistoni M. , Xue Q. and Som S. LES of Spray Transients: Start and End of Injection Phenomena LES for Internal Combustion Engine Flows Rueil-Malmaison, France Dec. 2014
- Battistoni M. , Duke D.J. , Kastengren A.L. , Swantek A.B. , Tilocco F.Z. , Powell C.F. and Som S. Effect of Non-Condensable Gas on Cavitating Fuel Nozzles Journal of Atomization and Sprays 2015 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2015011076
- Blessing , M. , König , G. , Krüger , C. , Michels , U. et al. Analysis of Flow and Cavitation Phenomena in Diesel Injection Nozzles and Its Effects on Spray and Mixture Formation SAE Paper 2003-01-1358 2003
- Nurick W. H. Orifice Cavitation and Its Effect on Spray Mixing J. Fluids Engng 1976 98 681 689
- Payri F. , Bermudez V. , Payri R. and Salvador F. J. The Influence of Cavitation on the Internal Flow and the Spray Characteristics in Diesel Injection Nozzles Fuel 2004 83 419 431
- Benajes , J. , Pastor , J. V. , Payri , R. , and Plazas , A. H. Analysis of the influence of diesel nozzle geometry in the injection rate characteristic Journal of Fluids Engineering 2004 126 63 71
- Skogsberg , M. , Dahlander , P. , Lindgren , R. , and Denbratt , I. Effects of injector parameters on mixture formation for multi-hole nozzles in a spray-guided gasoline Dl engine SAE Paper 2005-01-0097 2005
- Matsumoto , Y. , Gao , J. , Namba , M. , and Nishida , K. Mixture Formation and Combustion Processes of Multi-Hole Nozzle with Micro Orifices for D.I. Diesel Engines SAE Paper 2007-01-4049 2007
- Moon Seoksu , Gao Yuan , Wang Jin , Fezzaa Kamel and Taku T Near-field dynamics of high-speed diesel sprays: Effects of orifice inlet geometry and injection pressure Fuel 2014 133 299 309
- Suh , H. K. and Lee , C. S. Effect of cavitation in nozzle orifice on the diesel fuel atomization characteristics Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 2008 29 1001 1009
- Baumgarten , C. Mixture Formation In Internal Combustion Engines Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2006
- Hayashi , T. , Suzuki , M. and Ikemoto , M. Effects of internal flow in a diesel nozzle on spray combustion International J of Engine Research 2014 6 646 654
- Kubitschek , J. P. , and Weidman , P. D. Helical Instability of a Rotating Liquid Jet Physics of Fluids 2008 20 91 104