This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Using Surface Texture Parameters to Relate Flat Belt Laboratory Traction Data to the Road
Technical Paper
2015-01-1513
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Indoor laboratory tire testing on flat belt machines and tire testing on the actual road yield different results. Testing on the machine offers the advantage of repeatability of test conditions, control of the environmental condition, and performance evaluation at extreme conditions. However, certain aspects of the road cannot be reproduced in the laboratory. It is thus essential to understand the connection between the machine and the road, as tires spend all their life on the road. This research, investigates the reasons for differences in tire performance on the test machine and the road. The first part of the paper presents a review on the differences between tire testing in the lab and on the road, and existing methods to account for differences in test surfaces.
The second part of this paper, presents a case study detailing the causes for difference in measurements and correlating the tire performance measured on the National Tire Research Center (NTRC) Flat-Trac® LTRe, Alton, VA and at Cooper Tire and Vehicle Test Center, Pearsall, TX. The case study presents the dry braking traction tests conducted on the machine and on the road for the same set of tires. The friction-slip ratio (μ-S) curves from both the test methods are compared, a model is then proposed based on the Dugoff tire model and surface texture parameters to relate tire performance from the lab to the road. The main differentiating factor which alters the friction levels between the tests on the machine and in the field is surface texture. The contribution of surface texture to tire-road friction is very significant, thus the lab to road model is developed with consideration of macro and micro texture parameters of the surface. Other distant differences, such as the effect of temperature, effect of road crown, and effect of dust particles are not accounted for the analysis. Surface texture parameters of asphalt and sandpaper are estimated using nonlinear optimization. In conclusion, the model predicts the tire performance on asphalt based on the measured tire performance on sandpaper with an acceptable percentage error. The validation of the proposed concept resulted in a good match between the peak friction value and the longitudinal stiffness of the tire, however a slightly high percent error was obtained when comparing the slip ratio at peak friction. The proposed concept is thus promising to relate tire performance measured on different surfaces, and future work is proposed that presents the possible enhancements to the lab to road model and make it more comprehensive and complete.
Recommended Content
Citation
Bhoopalam, A. and Kefauver, K., "Using Surface Texture Parameters to Relate Flat Belt Laboratory Traction Data to the Road," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1513, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1513.Also In
References
- Bhoopalam AK. and Sandu C Review of the State of the Art in Experimental Studies and Mathematical Modeling of Tire Performance on Ice Journal of Terramechanics 53 19 35 2014
- The World Fact book, Central Intelligence Agency https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2085.html 11 th October 2014
- Sjögren L Road Surface Measuring in Sweden or Europe? The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) Reprint from 6 th International Conference on Managing Pavements 19 24 October 2004
- Hall W , Smith KL , Titus-Glover L , Wambold JC , Yager TJ and Rado Z Guide for Pavement Friction National Cooperative Highway Research Program 2009 Transportation Research Board
- Persson BNJ Theory of rubber friction and contact mechanics Journal of Chemical Physics 2001 115 8 3840 3861
- Lorenz B , Persson BNJ , Fortunato G , Giustiniano M , and Baldoni F Rubber friction for tire tread compound on road surfaces Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2013 25 9
- Flintsch GW , McGhee KK , Izeppi E , Najafi S The Little Book of Tire Pavement Friction 2012 Submitted for Review and Comment Pavement Surface Properties Consortium
- Persson BNJ Rubber friction and tire dynamics Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2011 23 1
- Lee JH , Lee JW , Sung IC Road crown, tire, and suspension effects on vehicle straight-ahead motion International Journal of Automotive Technology 2005 6 2 183 190
- Sankar TM , Sankarganesh P. , Amarnath S.K.P. and Becker P Prediction of tread geometry influence on Ply steer Residual Aligning Torque (PRAT) Proceedings of SIMULIA India Regional Users Meeting 2011
- Oh SH , Cho YH , Gim G Identification of A Vehicle Pull Mechanism Proceedings of Seoul 2000 FISITA World Automotive Congress June 12 15 2000 Seoul, Korea
- Braghin F , Cheli F and Sabbioni E Environmental effects on Pacejka's scaling factors Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 2007 44 7 547 568
- Arosio D , Braghin F , Cheli F and Sabbioni E Identification of Pacejka's scaling factors from full-scale experimental tests Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 2005 43 supplement 457 474
- Coleman TF , and Li Y An interior, trust region approach for nonlinear minimization subject to bounds SIAM Journal on Optimization 1996 6 418 445
- Ergun M , Iyinam S , Iyinam AF Prediction of Road Surface Friction Coefficient Using Only Macro- and Microtexture Measurements Journal of Transportation Engineering 2005 131 311 319
- ASTM E1337-90 Standard Test Method for Determining Longitudinal Peak Braking Coefficient of Paved Surfaces Using Standard Reference Test Tire http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1337.htm
- ASTM E1136-10 Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1136.htm
- Dugoff H , Fancher PS and Segel L Tire Performance Characteristics Affecting Vehicle Response to Steering and Braking Control Inputs Technical Report Highway Safety Research Institute Ann Arbor, Michigan 1969
- Mell B Topography and Roughness Testing of Sandpaper Surface Nanovea 2010
- ASTM E1845-09 Standard Practice for Calculating Pavement Macrotexture Mean Profile Depth http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1845.htm