This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Combustion Model Selection for Split Injection Spray Combustion
Technical Paper
2015-01-0374
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A wide variety of spray models and their associated sub-models exist to assist with numerical spray development studies in the many applicable areas viz., turbines, internal combustion engines etc. The accuracy of a simulation when compared to the experiments varies, as these models chosen are varied. Also, the computational grid plays a crucial role in model correctness; a grid-converged CFD study is more valuable and assists in proper validation at later stages. Of primary relevance to this paper are the combustion models for a grid-converged Lagrangian spray modeling scenario. CONVERGE CFD code is used for simulation of split injection diesel (n-heptane) sprays and a structured methodology, using RNG k-ε turbulence model, is followed to obtain a grid-converged solution for the key Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) parameters viz., grid size, injected parcels and spray break-up time constant. Four combustion models namely the SAGE model, the Representative Interactive Flamelet model, the 3-Zone Extended Coherent Flamelet model, and SHELL+Characteristic Time Combustion model will be examined using the grid-converged CFD settings and validation against experimental flame luminosity data will be conducted with soot (empirical Hiroyasu model) as a key validating parameter. The primary focus of this work is to select a suitable combustion model for split injection combusting sprays, which would not only exercise moderate runtimes but also keep intact the interaction physics and flame characteristics. This is achieved through analysis of flame characteristics like ignition delay, flame lift-off, flame penetration length, global structure of the flame and consequent validations with the experiments.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Moiz, A., Som, S., Bravo, L., and Lee, S., "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Combustion Model Selection for Split Injection Spray Combustion," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0374, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0374.Also In
References
- http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=diesel_prices
- Lee , T. and Reitz , R. The Effects of Split Injection and Swirl on a HSDI Diesel Engine Equipped with a Common Rail Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0349 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0349
- Tow , T. , Pierpont , D. , and Reitz , R. Reducing Particulate and NOx Emissions by Using Multiple Injections in a Heavy Duty D.I. Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 940897 1994 10.4271/940897
- Nehmer , D. and Reitz , R. Measurement of the Effect of Injection Rate and Split Injections on Diesel Engine Soot and NOx Emissions SAE Technical Paper 940668 1994 10.4271/940668
- Pierpont , D. , Montgomery , D. , and Reitz , R. Reducing Particulate and NOx Using Multiple Injections and EGR in a D.I. Diesel SAE Technical Paper 950217 1995 10.4271/950217
- Su , T. , Patterson , M. , Reitz , R. , and Farrell , P. Experimental and Numerical Studies of High Pressure Multiple Injection Sprays SAE Technical Paper 960861 1996 10.4271/960861
- Kamran , P. , Ommi , F. , Yaghmaei , H. , and Namaki , A. An investigation on effect of high pressure post injection on soot and NO emissions in a DI diesel engine Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 26 1 2012 269 281 2011 10.1007/s12206-011-1009-4
- Sylvain M. and Thirourad , B. Technol. 2013 04 08
- O'Connor , J. and Musculus , M. Post Injections for Soot Reduction in Diesel Engines: A Review of Current Understanding SAE Int. J. Engines 6 1 400 421 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0917
- Jaeman , L. , Lee , S. , and Min , K. Combustion Modeling of Split Injection in HSDI Diesel Engines Combustion Science and Technology 183 2 2013 180 201 2010 10.1080/00102202.2010.519012
- Reitz , R. Combust. Sci. Technol. 138 1 6 1998 257 278
- Lee , J. , Hong , K. , Choi , S. , Yu , S. , Choi , H. , and Min , K. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 27 4 2013 1135 1141
- Brands , T. , Huelser , T. , Hottenbach , P. , Koss , H. et al. Optical Investigation of Combusting Split-Injection Diesel Sprays Under Quiescent Conditions SAE Int. J. Engines 6 3 1626 1641 2013 10.4271/2013-24-0034
- Cung , K. , Moiz , A. , Johnson , J. , Lee , S-Y , Kweon , C-B. , and Montanaro , A. Spray Combustion Interaction Mechanism Of Multiple-Injection Under Diesel Engine Conditions Proceedings Of The Combustion Institute 2014 10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.054
- Felsch , C. , Gauding , M. , Hasse , C. , Vogel , S. et al. An Extended Flamelet Model for Multiple Injections in DI Diesel Engines Proceedings Of The Combustion Institute 32 2009 2775 2783 2009 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.053
- Hotta , Y. , Inayoshi , M. , Nakakita , K. , Fujiwara , K. et al. Achieving Lower Exhaust Emissions and Better Performance in an HSDI Diesel Engine with Multiple Injection SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0928 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0928
- Hessel , R. , Reitz , R. , Musculus , M. , O'Connor , J. et al. A CFD Study of Post Injection Influences on Soot Formation and Oxidation under Diesel-Like Operating Conditions SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 694 713 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1256
- Parrish , S. , Zhang , G. , and Zink , R. Liquid and Vapor Envelopes of Sprays from a Multi-Hole Fuel Injector Operating under Closely-Spaced Double-Injection Conditions SAE Int. J. Engines 5 2 400 414 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0462
- Stiesch , G. , Merker , G. , Tan , Z. , and Reitz , R. Modeling the Effect of Split Injections on DISI Engine Performance SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0965 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0965
- Fan , L. , Li , G. , Han , Z. , and Reitz , R. Modeling Fuel Preparation and Stratified Combustion in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0175 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0175
- Hasse , C. and Peters , N. A Two Mixture Fraction Flamelet Model Applied to Split Injections in a DI Diesel Engine Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30 2 2755 2762 2005 10.1016/J.Proci.2004.08.166
- Richards , K. J. , Senecal , P. K. , and Pomraning , E. CONVERGE(v 2.2.0) Convergent Science, Inc. Madison, WI 2014
- Som , S. , Longman , D. , Aithal , S. , Bair , R. et al. A Numerical Investigation on Scalability and Grid Convergence of Internal Combustion Engine Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1095 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1095
- Senecal , P. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K. , and Som , S. Grid-Convergent Spray Models for Internal Combustion Engine CFD Simulations ASME Proceedings Paper No. ICEF2012-92043,697-710 2012 10.1115/ICEF2012-92043
- Nesbitt , J. , Naber , J. , Lee , S.-Y. , Kurtz , E. , Robarge , N. , Ge , H. Proc. Ilass Americas 23rd Annual Conf. 2011
- Zhang , A. , Montanaro , A. , Allocca , L. , Naber , J. et al. Measurement of Diesel Spray Formation and Combustion upon Different Nozzle Geometry using Hybrid Imaging Technique SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 1034 1043 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1410
- Rhie , C. and Chow , W. Numerical Study of the Turbulent Flow Past an Airfoil with Trailing Edge Separation AIAA Journal 21 11 1525 1532 1983 10.2514/3.8284
- Karypis G. METIS - A Software Package for Partitioning Unstructured Graphs, Partitioning Meshes, and Computing Fill-Reducing Orderings of Sparse Matrices Version 5.0 2011
- Reitz , R. and Diwakar , R. Structure of High-Pressure Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 870598 1987 10.4271/870598
- Senecal , P. , Richards , K. , Pomraning , E. , Yang , T. et al. A New Parallel Cut-Cell Cartesian CFD Code for Rapid Grid Generation Applied to In-Cylinder Diesel Engine Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0159 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0159
- Liu , A. , Mather , D. , and Reitz , R. Modeling the Effects of Drop Drag and Breakup on Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 930072 1993 10.4271/930072
- Schmidt , D. P. and Rutland , C. J. A New Droplet Collision Algorithm Journal of Computational Physics 164 62 80 2000
- Post , S. L. and Abraham , J. Modeling the Outcome of Drop-Drop Collisions in Diesel Sprays International Journal of Multiphase Flow 28 997 1019 2002
- Amsden , A. A. , O'Rourke , P. J. , and Butler , T. D. KIVAII: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays Los Alamos National Laboratory Report No. LA-11560-MS 1989
- Gonzalez D. , M. , Lian , Z. , and Reitz , R. Modeling Diesel Engine Spray Vaporization and Combustion SAE Technical Paper 920579 1992 10.4271/920579
- Amsden , A. A. , O'Rourke , P. J. , and Butler , T. D. KIVA-II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays Los Alamos National Laboratory Report No. LA-11560-MS 1989
- Colin , O. , Benkenida , A. and Angelberger , C. A 3D Modeling of Mixing, Ignition and Combustion Phenomena in Highly Stratified Gasoline Engines Oil & Gas Science and Technology, Rev. IFP 58 1 47 62 2003 10.2516/ogst:2003004
- Lafossas , F. , Castagne , M. , Dumas , J. , and Henriot , S. Development and Validation of a Knock Model in Spark Ignition Engines Using a CFD code SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2701 2002 10.4271/2002-01-2701
- Henriot , S. , Bouyssounnouse , D. , and Baritaud , T. Port Fuel Injection and Combustion Simulation of a Racing Engine SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1845 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1845
- Kleemann , A. , Menegazzi , P. , Henriot , S. , and Marchal , A. Numerical Study on Knock for an SI Engine by Thermally Coupling Combustion Chamber and Cooling Circuit Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0563 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0563
- Pope , S. B. The Computation of Constrained and Unconstrained Equilibrium Compositions of Ideal Gas Mixtures using Gibbs Function Continuation Cornell University Report FDA 03-02 2003
- Senecal , P. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K. , Briggs , T. et al. Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Direct-Injection Diesel Spray Liquid Length and Flame Lift-off Length using CFD and Parallel Detailed Chemistry SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1043 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1043
- Halstead , M. , Kirsh , L. and Quinn , C. The Auto ignition of Hydrocarbon Fuels at High Temperatures and Pressures -Fitting of a Mathematical Model Combustion and Flame 30 45 1977 10.1016/0010-2180(77)90050-5
- Abraham , J. , Bracco , F. and Reitz , R. Comparisons of Computed and Measured Premixed Charge Engine Combustion Combustion and Flame 60 309 1985 10.1016/0010-2180(85)90036-7
- Xin , J. , Montgomery , D. , Han , Z. and Reitz , R. Computer Modeling of the Six-Mode Emissions Test Cycle of a DI Diesel Engine Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119 683 1997 10.1115/1.2817041
- Peters , N. Laminar diffusion flamelet models in non-premixed turbulent combustion Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 10 319 339 1984 10.1016/0360-1285(84)90114-X
- Peters , N. Laminar flamelet concepts in turbulent combustion Symposium (International) on Combustion 21 1 1231 1250 1988 10.1016/S0082-0784(88)80355-2
- Pitsch , H. , Chen , M. , and Peters , N. Unsteady flamelet modeling of turbulent hydrogen-air diffusion flames Symposium (International) on Combustion 27 1 1057 1064 1998 10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80506-7
- Senecal P.K. , Pomraning E. , Richards K.J. , Som S. Grid-Convergent Spray Models for Internal combustion engine CFD simulations Journal of Energy Resources Technology 136 1 12204 2013
- Siebers , D. Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 980809 1998 10.4271/980809
- Bravo . L. , Kurman . M. , Kweon . C. , Wijeyakalasuriya . S. , and Senecal . P. Lagrangian Modeling of Evaporating Sprays at Diesel Engine Conditions: Effects of Multi-Hole Injector Nozzles with JP-8 Surrogates ILASS Americas 26th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems Portland, OR May 2014
- Xue Q. , Som S. , Senecal P.K , and Pomraning . E. Large Eddy Simulation Of Fuel-Spray Under Non-Reacting Ic Engine Conditions Atomization And Sprays 23 10 925 955 2013 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2013008320
- Nordin , N. Numerical Simulations of Non-Steady Spray Combustion Using a Detailed Chemistry Approach Thesis for the degree of Licentiate of Engineering Dept. of Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology 1998
- Som S. , Ramirez A. , Longman D. , and Aggarwal S. Effect of nozzle orifice geometry on spray, combustion, and emission characteristics under diesel engines conditions Fuel 90 1267 1276 2011 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.048
- Senecal , P. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K. , Briggs , T. et al. Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Direct-Injection Diesel Spray Liquid Length and Flame Lift-off Length using CFD and Parallel Detailed Chemistry SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1043 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1043
- http://www.sandia.gov/ecn/
- Kundu . P. , Pei . Y. , Wang . M. , Mandhapati . R. , Som . S. Evaluation Of Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction Under Diesel Engine Conditions With Multi-Flamelet Rif Model Atomization and Sprays 779 800 2014 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2014010506