This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental Study on the Spray Atomization of a Multi-hole Injector for Spark Ignition Engines Fuelled by Gasoline and n-Butanol
Technical Paper
2014-01-2743
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Alcohols are largely used in spark-ignition (SI) engines as alternative fuels to gasoline. Particularly, the use of butanol meets growing interest due to its properties that are similar to gasoline, if compared with other alcohols. This paper aims to make a comparative analysis on the atomization process of gasoline and n-butanol fuel injected by a multi-hole injector nozzle for spark ignition engines.
Phase Doppler Anemometry technique was applied to investigate the behavior of a spray emerging from a six-hole nozzle for direct injection spark ignition engine applications. Commercial gasoline and pure n-butanol were investigated. The fuels were injected at two pressures: namely at 5 and 10 MPa, in a test vessel at quiescent air conditions, ambient temperature and backpressure.
Droplets diameter and velocity were estimated along the axis and on the edge direction of a jet through Phase Doppler Anemometry in order to provide useful information on the atomization process.
Gasoline and n-butanol provided different results in droplets size and velocity. The higher viscosity and surface tension of n-butanol resulted in bigger droplets size and higher velocity along the jet axis at 10 MPa of injection pressure. The difference in size and velocity was lower by decreasing the injection pressure and for locations farther from the nozzle.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Marchitto, L., Merola, S., Tornatore, C., and Valentino, G., "Experimental Study on the Spray Atomization of a Multi-hole Injector for Spark Ignition Engines Fuelled by Gasoline and n-Butanol," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2743, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2743.Also In
References
- Deng , B. , Fu , J. , Zhang , D , Yang , J. et al. The heat release analysis of bio-butanol/gasoline blends on a high speed SI (spark ignition) engine Energy 60 2013 230 241 10.1016/j.energy.2013.07.055
- Wallner , T. and Miers , S. A Internal Combustion Engines internal combustion engine, Alternative Fuels internal combustion engine alternative fuels for Transportation Technologies for Sustainability Springer New York 2013 629 666 10.1007/978-1-4614-5844-9_865
- Westbrook , C. K. , Biofuels Combustion* Annual review of physical chemistry 64 2013 201 219 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110009
- Williams , Ben et al. High precision in-cylinder gas thermometry using Laser Induced Gratings: Quantitative measurement of evaporative cooling with gasoline/alcohol blends in a GDI optical engine Combustion & Flame 161.1 2014 270 279 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.07.018
- Varol , Y. , Öner , C. , Öztop , H. F. and Altun , S. , Comparison of Methanol, Ethanol, or n-Butanol Blending with Unleaded Gasoline on Exhaust Emissions of an SI Engine Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 36.9 2014 938 948 10.1080/15567036.2011.572141
- Broustail , G. , Halter , F. , Seers , P. , Moréac , G. et al. Experimental determination of laminar burning velocity for butanol/iso-octane and ethanol/iso-octane blends for different initial pressures Fuel 106 2013 310 317 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.066
- Gu , X. , Huang , Z. , Cai , J. , Gong , J. et al. Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-butanol blends in combination with EGR Fuel 93 2012 611 617 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.040
- Merola , S. S. , Valentino , G. , Tornatore , C. and Marchitto , L. In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol-gasoline blend Energy 62 2013 150 161 10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.056
- Aleiferis , P. G. , Serras-Pereira , J. and Richardson , D. Cavitation, primary break-up and flash boiling of gasoline, iso-octane and n-pentane with a real-size optical direct-injection nozzle Fuel 109 2013 256 278 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.088
- Knorsch , T. , Heldmann , M. , Zigan , L. and Wensing , M. On the role of physiochemical properties on evaporation behavior of DISI biofuel sprays Experiments in fluids 54 6 2013 1 14 10.1007/s00348-013-1522-6
- Park C. , Kim S. , Kim H. , Moriyoshi Y. Stratified lean combustion characteristics of a spray-guided combustion system in a gasoline direct injection engine Energy 2012 41 1 401 407 10.1016/j.energy.2012.02.060
- Najjar YSH. Comparison of performance of a greener direct-injection stratified -charge (DISC) engine with a spark-ignition engine using a simplified model Energy 2011 36 7 4136 43 10.1016/j.energy.2011.04.031
- Zhao F. , Lai M.C. , Harrington D.L. Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engine, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 1999 25 5 437 562 10.1016/S0360-1285(99)00004-0
- Payri , R. , Gimeno , J. , Bardi , M. and Plazas , A. H. Study liquid length penetration results obtained with a direct acting piezo electric injector Applied Energy 106 2013 152 162 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.027
- Aleiferis , P. G. and Van Romunde , Z.R. An analysis of spray development with< i> iso-octane,< i> n-pentane, gasoline, ethanol and< i> n-butanol from a multi-hole injector under hot fuel conditions Fuel 105 2013 143 168 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.044
- Allocca , L. , Alfuso , S. , Marchitto , L. , and Valentino , G. GDI multi-hole injector: Particle size and velocity distribution for single and jet-to-jet evolution analysis The 11th Triennial Intl. Annual Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems 2009
- Costa , M. , Sorge , U. , and Allocca , L. Numerical study of the mixture formation process in a four-stroke GDI engine for two-wheel applications Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 19.4 2011 1212 1226 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.07.006
- Elkotb , M.M. , Rafat , N.M. , and Hanna , M.A. The influence of swirl atomizer geometry on the atomization performance Proceedings of the 1 st Int. Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems 1978
- Li , G. , Cao , J. , Li , M. , Quan , Y. et al. Experimental study on the size distribution characteristics of spray droplets of DME/diesel blended fuels Fuel Processing Technology 104 2012 352 355 10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.06.008
- Elkotb , M.M. Fuel atomization for spray modelling Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 8.1 1982
- Hiroyasu , H. and Kadota , T. , Fuel Droplet Size Distribution in Diesel Combustion Chamber SAE Technical Paper 740715 1974 10.4271/740715
- Hiroyasu , H. and Arai , M. , Structures of Fuel Sprays in Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 900475 1990 10.4271/900475