This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Studying Synthesis of Thermally and Chemically Modified Plant Oil and their Tribological Evaluation for Use as a Base Stock for Environmentally Friendly Bio-Lubricant
Technical Paper
2014-01-1477
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The world today is facing severe oil crisis and environmental pollution, thus there is a great urgency of developing and applying bio based products as a substitute to mineral oil based products. Rapid industrialization and automation in the last decade has increased the demand of mineral oil based lubricant that will get exhausted in the years to come. Also in addition to the above fact, the biodegradability of mineral-oil based lubricants is around 25% maximum. About 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the Environment. Due to extensive use of mineral oil based lubricants, several environmental issues such as surface water and groundwater contamination, Air pollution, soil contamination, agricultural product and food contamination are emerging very rapidly. This has led the researchers to look for plant oil based bio- lubricant as an alternative to mineral oil based lubricant. Vegetable oils are renewable raw materials that possess certain excellent frictional properties e.g. good lubricity, low volatility, high viscosity index, solvency for lubricant additives, and easy miscibility with other fluids etc. However, a high degree of multiple C-C unsaturation in the fatty acid (FA) chain of vegetable oils causes poor thermal and oxidative stability. This fact confines their use as lubricants to a modest range of temperature. In the current work for formulation of biodegradable lubricants simple esterification reaction was carried out between crude orange peel oil (OPO) and higher alcohols (butanol and octanol) to form orange peel oil butyl ester (OPOBE) and orange peel oil octyl ester (OPOOE).Also orange peel oil (OPO) was chemically modified via epoxidation to formulate chemically modified orange peel oil (CMOPO) to increase oxidative stability of orange peel oil. Also to these formulations bio-additive packages were added to improve some of the properties. Finally all the formulated bio-lubricants were subjected to various tribological tests viz. evaporative loss, viscosity index, iodine value, pour point, oxidation stability and four ball wear test. Results were analyzed and compared with conventional synthetic lubricant SAE 20W40.The plant oil based formulations showed promising properties to justify themselves to be an excellent substitute to conventional SAE 20W40 oil.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Pathak, V., Gupta, D., and Kumar, N., "Studying Synthesis of Thermally and Chemically Modified Plant Oil and their Tribological Evaluation for Use as a Base Stock for Environmentally Friendly Bio-Lubricant," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1477, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1477.Also In
References
- Mang T. , Dresel W. Lubricants and Lubrication Wiley-VCH Weinheim 2001
- Adhvaryu A. , Liu Z.S. , Erhan S.Z. Industrial Crops and Products 21 2005 113 119
- Horner D. J. Synth. Lubr. 18 2002 327 347
- Mang T. NLGI Spokesman 57 1993 233
- Birova A. , Pavloviova A. , Cvengro J. Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 18 2002 291
- Shashidhara Y.M. , Jayaram S.R. Tribology International 43 2010 1073 1081
- Campanella A. , Rustoy E. , Baldessari A. , Baltanas M.A. Bioresource Technology 101 2010 245 254
- Cunningham B. , Batterby N. , Wehrmeyer W. , Fothergill C. J. Ind. Ecol. 7 2004 179 192
- Hayes D.G. Khemani K. , Scholz C. ACS Symposium Series American Chemical Society 2006 126 139
- Becker R. , Knorr A. Lubrication Science 8 1996 95 117
- Hwang H.S. , Erhan S.Z. Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society 78 2001 1179 1184
- Johansson L.E. , Lundin S.T. Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society 56 1979 974 980
- Sinadinovic-Fiser S. , Jankovic M. , Petrovic Z.S. Journal of American Oil Chemists'Society 78 2001 725 731
- Adhvaryu A. , Erhan S.Z. Industrial Crops and Products 15 2002 247 254
- Rios L.A. , Weckes P.P. , Schuster H. , Hoelderich W.F. Applied Catalysis A: General 284 2005 155 161
- Goud VV , Mungroo R , Pradhan NC and Dalai AK modification of epoxidized canola oil asia-pacific J. chem eng 2011 6 14 22
- Petrovic Z.S. , Zlatanic A. , Lava C.C. , Sindinovic-Fiser S. European Journal of LipidScience and Technology 104 2002 293 299
- Yadav G.D. , Borkar I.V. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal 52 2006 1235 1247
- Orellana-Coca C. , Toernvall U. , Adlercreutz D. , Mattiasson B. , Hatti-Kaul R. Bio-catalysis and Biotransformation 23 2005 431 437
- Lathi P.S. , Mattiasson B. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 69 2006 207 212
- balamurugan K , kanagasabapathy N and mayilsamy K studies on soyabean oil based lubricant for diesel engines journal of scientific and industrial research 2010 69 794 797
- Swern , D. 1949 Organic peroxides. Chem. Rev. 45 1521
- Mathur M.L. , Sharma R.P. internal combustion engines 2004 503