This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optimal Catalytic Converter Heating in Hybrid Vehicles
Technical Paper
2014-01-1351
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid optimal control problem (HOCP) for the optimal heating of the three-way catalytic converter is solved. We propose a model for a hybrid vehicle that beneath State of Charge and fuel consumption includes thermal system states like engine cooling water temperature and catalytic converter temperature. Since models for noxious emissions with appropriate computational demand are not yet available for optimization purposes, an artificial state that resembles the emissions produced is introduced. A hybrid optimal control problem is then formulated for the beginning of the FTP-75 drive cycle whose target is to minimize the energy loss during the catalytic converter and engine cooling water heating phase. The corresponding input values to be optimized are continuous variables as ignition angle and cylinder charge as well as discrete decisions such as different injection schemes. As additional constraint, an upper limit is imposed on the artificial emissions state. A self-developed algorithm is then used to optimize the system with respect to the constraints and results are presented accordingly. The results obtained provide a valuable help for the calibration of the catalytic heating process and to obtain a solution that fulfills today's complex legal requirements.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Schori, M., Boehme, T., Jeinsch, T., and Schultalbers, M., "Optimal Catalytic Converter Heating in Hybrid Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1351, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1351.Also In
References
- Kum , D. , Peng , H. , Bucknor , N. Supervisory control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles for fuel and emission reduction ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control 133 6 4498 4503 2011
- Salehi , R. , Shahbakhti , M. Hedrick , J.K. Hybrid switching control of automotive cold start hydrocarbon emission Proceedings of the American Control Conference 4423 4428 Washington DC 2013
- Sager , S. Numerical Methods for mixed-integer Optimal Control Problems PhD-dissertation University of Heidelberg 2005
- Schori , M. , Boehme , T.J. , Frank , B. Schultalbers , M. Soluition of a Hybrid Optimal Control Problem for a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle Proceedings of the 7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control Tokyo, Japan 2013
- Silva , C.M. , Farias , T.L. , Frey , H.C. , Rouphail , N.M. Evaluation of numerical models for simulation of real-world hot-stabilized fuel consumption and emissions of gasoline light-duty vehicles Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 11 5 377 385 September 2006
- Sussmann , H. A maximum principle for hybrid optimal control problems Proceedings of the 38 th Conference on Decision and Control Phoenix 1999
- Garavello , M. , Piccoli , B. Hybrid necessary principle SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 43 5 1867 1887 2005
- Riedinger , P. , Kratz , F. , Iung , C. Zannes , C. Linear Quadratic Optimization for Hybrid Systems Proceedings of the 38th IEEE conference on Decision and Control 3059 3064 1999
- Shaikh , M.S. Optimal control of hybrid systems: Theory and algorithms PhD-dissertation Dept. of Elect. and Comp. Eng., McGill Univ. Montreal 2004
- Dmitruk , A. , Kaganovich , A. The hybrid maximum principle is a consequence of pontryagin maximum principle Systems and Control letters 57 11 964 970 2008
- Bengea , S.C. DeCarlo , R.A. Optimal and Suboptimal Control of Switching Systems Proceedings of the 42 nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 5295 5300 2003
- Egerstedt , M. , Wardi , Y. , Axelsson , H. Transition-Time Optimization for Switched-Mode Dynamical Systems IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 51 1 110 115 2006
- Xu , X. , Antsaklis , P.J. Optimal Control of Switched Systems Based on Parameterization of the Switching Instants IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 49 1 2 16 2004
- Kohn , W. , Remmel , J.B. Hybrid dynamic programming Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1201 391 396 1997
- Schori , M. , Boehme , T.J. , Becker , U. , Schultalbers , M. Verfahren zur Loesung von hybriden Optimalsteuerungsproblemen und deren Anwendung auf den Betrieb von Hybridfahrzeugen AT Automatisierungstechnik 2013
- Boehme , T.J. , Schori , M. , Frank , B. Schultalbers , M. , Lampe , B. Solution of a Hybrid Optimal Control Problem for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles subject to Thermal Constraints Proceedings of the 52 nd Conference on Decision and Control 2013
- Nocedal , J. , Wright , S. Numerical Optimization Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering 2 nd 2006
- Stryk , O. von Numerische Loesung optimaler Steuerungsprobleme: Diskretisierung, Parameteroptimierung und Berechnung der adjungierten Variablen Fortschritts-Berichte VDI, Reihe 8, Nr. 441 VDI-Verlag 1995
- Bueskens , C. , Maurer , H. SQP-methods for Solving Optimal Control Problems with Control and State Constraints: Adjoint Variables, Sensitivity Analysis and Real-Time Control Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 120 85 108 2000