This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development and Validation of a Knock Prediction Model for Methanol-Fuelled SI Engines
Technical Paper
2013-01-1312
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Knock is one of the main factors limiting the efficiency of spark-ignition engines. The introduction of alternative fuels with elevated knock resistance could help to mitigate knock concerns. Alcohols are prime candidate fuels and a model that can accurately predict their autoignition behavior under varying engine operating conditions would be of great value to engine designers.
The current work aims to develop such a model for neat methanol. First, an autoignition delay time correlation is developed based on chemical kinetics calculations. Subsequently, this correlation is used in a knock integral model that is implemented in a two-zone engine code. The predictive performance of the resulting model is validated through comparison against experimental measurements on a CFR engine for a range of compression ratios, loads, ignition timings and equivalence ratios.
Compared to older correlations that were developed for gasoline, the current autoignition delay correlation captures the high temperature sensitivity of methanol autoignition kinetics. This results in a better prediction of the knock limited spark advance for variations in compression ratio and load. Also the deterioration of knock as a function of spark advance is well reproduced for these conditions.
The largest model inaccuracies appear when changing equivalence ratio. Knock tendency is consistently overpredicted for rich mixtures. This is probably due to the effect of evaporation cooling and wall heat transfer which are not well captured by the current model. Further model improvements should therefore focus on these thermal processes inside the cylinder.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Vancoillie, J., Sileghem, L., and Verhelst, S., "Development and Validation of a Knock Prediction Model for Methanol-Fuelled SI Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1312, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1312.Also In
References
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering MacGraw-Hill New York 1988
- Bougrine , S. , Richard , S. , and Veynante , D. Modelling and Simulation of the Combustion of Ethanol blended Fuels in a SI Engine using a 0D Coherent Flame Model SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0016 2009 10.4271/2009-24-0016
- Yates , A. , Bell A. , and Swarts A. Insights relating to the autoignition characteristics of alcohol fuels Fuel 89 1 83 93 2010
- Warnatz , J. , Maas U. , and Dibble R.W. Combustion: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, Modeling and Simulation, Experiments, Pollutant Formation Springer-Verlag Berlin, Germany 1996
- Stein , R. , Polovina , D. , Roth , K. , Foster , M. et al. Effect of Heat of Vaporization, Chemical Octane, and Sensitivity on Knock Limit for Ethanol - Gasoline Blends SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 2 823 843 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1277
- Vancoillie , J. , Verhelst , S. , and Demuynck , J. Laminar Burning Velocity Correlations for Methanol-Air and Ethanol-Air Mixtures Valid at SI Engine Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0846 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0846
- Nakata , K. , Utsumi , S. , Ota , A. , Kawatake , K. et al. The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3380 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3380
- Burluka , A. , Liu , K. , Sheppard , C. , Smallbone , A. et al. The Influence of Simulated Residual and NO Concentrations on Knock Onset for PRFs and Gasolines SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2998 2004 10.4271/2004-01-2998
- Livengood , J.C. and Wu P.C. Correlation of autoignition phenomena in internal combustion engines and rapid compression machines Symposium (International) on Combustion 5 1 347 356 1955
- Douaud , A. and Eyzat , P. Four-Octane-Number Method for Predicting the Anti-Knock Behavior of Fuels and Engines SAE Technical Paper 780080 1978 10.4271/780080
- Frankzke , D. Beitrag zur Ermittlung eines Klopfkriteriums der ottomotorischen Verbrennung und zur Vorausberechnung der Klopfgrenze Ph. D. Technical University of Munich Munich 1981
- Bowman , C.T. Shock-Tube Investigation Of High-Temperature Oxidation Of Methanol Combustion and Flame 25 3 343 354 1975
- Natarajan , K. and Bhaskaran K.A. An experimental and analytical study of methanol ignition behind shock waves Combustion and Flame 43 0 35 49 1981
- Kumar , K. and Sung C.-J. Autoignition of methanol: Experiments and computations International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 43 4 175 184 2011
- Li , J. et al. A comprehensive kinetic mechanism for CO, CH2O, and CH3OH combustion International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 39 3 109 136 2007
- Combustion Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology. CHEM1D 1994 2010 May 20 http://w3.wtb.tue.nl/en/research/research_groups/combustion_technology/research/flamecodes/chem1d/
- Syed , I. , Mukherjee , A. , and Naber , J. Numerical Simulation of Autoignition of Gasoline-Ethanol/Air Mixtures under Different Conditions of Pressure, Temperature, Dilution, and Equivalence Ratio SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0341 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0341
- More , J. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm: implementation and theory The 1977 Dundee conference on numerical analysis Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1978
- Demuynck , J. et al. Investigation of the influence of engine settings on the heat flux in a hydrogen- and methane-fueled spark ignition engine Applied Thermal Engineering 31 6-7 1220 1228 2011
- Box , G.E.P. and Draper N.R. Response Surfaces, Mixtures, and Ridge Analyses John Wiley & Sons Hoboken, New Jersey 2007
- Lämmle , C. Numerical and Experimental Study of Flame Propagation and Knock in a Compressed Natural Gas Engine Doctor of Technical Sciences 2005
- Worret , R. , Bernhardt , S. , Schwarz , F. , and Spicher , U. Application of Different Cylinder Pressure Based Knock Detection Methods in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1668 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1668
- Elmqvist , C. , Lindström , F. , Ångström , H. , Grandin , B. et al. Optimizing Engine Concepts by Using a Simple Model for Knock Prediction SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3123 2003 10.4271/2003-01-3123
- GammaTechnologies GT-Suite Version 7.0 User's Manual Westmont, IL, USA 2009
- Verhelst , S. and Sheppard C.G.W. Multi-zone thermodynamic modelling of spark-ignition engine combustion - An overview Energy Conversion and Management 50 5 1326 1335 2009
- Bromberg , L. and Blumberg P. Estimates of DI Hydrous Ethanol Utilization for Knock Avoidance and Comparison to a Measured and Simulated DI E85 Baseline MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center Cambridge, MA 2009
- Tsuboi , T. and Hashimoto K. Shock tube study on homogeneous thermal oxidation of methanol Combustion and Flame 42 0 61 76 1981