This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Effect of Direct Injection Timing and Pressure on Engine Performance in an Ethanol Direct Injection Plus Gasoline Port Injection (EDI+GPI) SI Engine
Technical Paper
2013-01-0892
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) is a new technical approach to make the use of ethanol fuel more effective and efficient in spark ignition (SI) engines. Ethanol fuel direct injection timing, as one of the primary control parameters in EDI+GPI engines, directly affects the quality of the fuel/air mixture and consequently combustion and emissions. This paper reports the experimental investigation to the effect of ethanol injection timing and pressure on engine performance, combustion, emissions of a single cylinder SI engine equipped with EDI+GPI. Firstly, the effect of EDI timing before and after the inlet valve closing, defined as early and late injection timings (EEDI and LEDI) was investigated at three injection pressure levels of 40 Bar, 60 Bar and 90 Bar and a fixed ethanol/gasoline ratio. Spark timing was fixed at original engine setting to investigate the potential engine efficiency improvement due to the EDI solely. Experimental results showed that the engine IMEP in EEDI conditions was greater than that in LEDI conditions due to improved volumetric efficiency and combustion. EDI pressure had insignificant effect on IMEP in EEDI conditions. In LEDI conditions high injection pressure led to increased IMEP at EDI timing of 50 CAD BTDC but decreased IMEP at 110 CAD BTDC. EEDI resulted in lower CO and higher NO emissions than in LEDI conditions. The effect of EDI timing on HC emissions was not significant. HC and CO emissions in EEDI conditions and EDI pressure of 90 Bar were lower than that at other pressures. NO emissions in that condition reached the maximum. Secondly, the effect of EDI timing on engine knock mitigation was examined in two engine load conditions. Experimental results showed that the LEDI was effective in suppressing engine knock and permitting more advanced spark timing. The effect of EEDI on knock suppression was less significant than that of LEDI. However, the volumetric efficiency and combustion could be effectively improved in EEDI conditions. The combined effect of spark advance and improved volumetric efficiency in EEDI conditions led to higher IMEP and engine efficiency than in LEDI conditions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zhuang, Y. and Hong, G., "The Effect of Direct Injection Timing and Pressure on Engine Performance in an Ethanol Direct Injection Plus Gasoline Port Injection (EDI+GPI) SI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0892, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0892.Also In
References
- Cohn D.R. , Bromberg L. , Heywood J.B. Fuel management system for variable ethanol octane enhancement of gasoline engines U.S. Patent 7,640,915,B2 June 5 2010
- Cohn D.R. , Bromberg L. , Heywood J.B. Direct Injection Ethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO2 Emissions Cambridge, MA 02139 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2005
- Stein , R. , House , C. , and Leone , T. Optimal Use of E85 in a Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 670 682 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1490
- Zhu , G. , Hung , D. and Schock , H. Combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder spark ignition gasoline and ethanol dual-fuelled engine Proc. IMechE, Part D: J. Automobile Engineering 224 2009 387 430
- Wu , X. , Daniel , R. , Tian , G. , Xu , H. , Huang , Z. , Richardson , D. Dual-injection: The flexible, bi-fuel concept for spark-ignition engines fuelled with various gasoline and biofuel blends Applied Energy 88 2011 2305 2314
- Costa R.C. , Sodré , J.R. Hydrous ethanol vs. gasoline-ethanol blend: Engine performance and emissions Fuel 89 2010 287 293
- Nakata , K. , Utsumi , S. , Ota , A. , Kawatake , K. et al. The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3380 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3380
- Brinkman , N. Ethanol Fuel-A Single-Cylinder Engine Study of Efficiency and Exhaust Emissions SAE Technical Paper 810345 1981 10.4271/810345
- Al-Hasan , M. Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission Energy Conversion and Management 44 2003 1547 1561
- Moore , W. , Foster , M. , and Hoyer , K. Engine Efficiency Improvements Enabled by Ethanol Fuel Blends in a GDi VVA Flex Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0900 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0900
- Taljaard , H. , Jordaan , C. , and Botha , J. The Effect of Oxygen Content in Different Oxygenate-Gasoline Blends on Performance and Emissions in a Single Cylinder, Spark-Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 910379 1991 10.4271/910379
- Kar , K. , Cheng , W. , and Ishii , K. Effects of Ethanol Content on Gasohol PFI Engine Wide-Open-Throttle Operation SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 895 901 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1907
- Kataoka , K. , Tsurusaki , M. , and Kadota , T. Effect of Fuel Properties on the Combustion Process and NO Emission in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 931940 1993 10.4271/931940
- Kojima , M. , and Johnson , T. Potential for Biofuels for Transport in Developing Countries Washington DC Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) World Bank 2005 October
- Daniel , R. , Wang , C. , Xu , H. , Tian , G. et al. Dual-Injection as a Knock Mitigation Strategy Using Pure Ethanol and Methanol SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 2 772 784 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1152
- Sandquist , H. , Karlsson , M. , and Denbratt , I. Influence of Ethanol Content in Gasoline on Speciated Emissions from a Direct Injection Stratified Charge SI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1206 2001 10.4271/2001-01-1206
- Lewis , J. UPS Multifuel Stratified Charge Engine Development Program-Field Test SAE Technical Paper 860067 1986 10.4271/860067
- Yang , J. and Anderson , R. Fuel Injection Strategies to Increase Full-Load Torque Output of a Direct-Injection SI Engine SAE Technical Paper 980495 1998 10.4271/980495
- Takagi Y. The role of mixture formation in improving fuel economy and reducing emissions of automotive S.I. engines FISITA Technical Paper , No. P0109 1996
- Ando , H. et al. Mixture preparation in gasoline direct injection engine 1998 FISITA Technical Paper , No. F98T050 1998
- Oh , H. , Bae , C. , and Min , K. Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Ethanol Blended Gasoline in a Spray Guided DISI Engine under Lean Stratified Operation SAE Int. J. Engines 3 2 213 222 2010 10.4271/2010-01-2152
- Achleitner , E. , Bäcker , H. , and Funaioli , A. Direct Injection Systems for Otto Engines SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1416 2007 10.4271/2007-01-1416
- Hemdal , S. , Denbratt , I. , Dahlander , P. , and Warnberg , J. Stratified Cold Start Sprays of Gasoline-Ethanol Blends SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 683 696 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1496
- Daniel , R. , Wang , C. , Xu , H. , and Tian , G. Effects of Combustion Phasing, Injection Timing, Relative Air-Fuel Ratio and Variable Valve Timing on SI Engine Performance and Emissions using 2,5-Dimethylfuran SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 2 855 866 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1285
- Shayler , P. , Jones , S. , Horn , G. , and Eade , D. Characterisation of DISI Emissions and Fuel Economy in Homogeneous and Stratified Charge Modes of Operation SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-3671 2001 10.4271/2001-01-3671
- Shayler , P. , Jones , S. , Horn , G. , and Eade , D. DISI Engine Spark and Fuel Injection Timings. Effects, Compromise and Robustness SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-3672 2001 10.4271/2001-01-3672
- Zhuang Y. , Hong G. Primary investigation to leveraging effect of using ethanol fuel on reducing gasoline fuel consumption Fuel 105 2013 425 431