This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Measuring Lubricant Films at the Piston-Cylinder Contact: An Overview of Current Technologies with Focus on Ultrasound
Technical Paper
2013-01-0294
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
With increasingly stringent legislation controlling vehicular emissions being introduced, efficiency gains in combustion engines continue to be desirable to OEMs. Reducing FMEP provides one such route and with piston-cylinder interactions accounting for around 40% [1 & 2] of a typical engines frictional losses warrants research directed at improvements.
Though developments are being driven by numerical techniques, there is still the need for robust experimental data to evaluate these models. One of the measurable parameters which offers a direct link between simulation and ‘the real world’ is lubricant film thickness within the contact. For over half a decade, various techniques have been used to monitor film thickness but can broadly be split into those exploiting the thickness related electrical, optical or acoustical properties of the lubricant.
This paper provides a review of the different techniques, their capabilities and industrial applicability with focus on the relatively new technique of ultrasonic measurement, which shows promise as a ‘road going’ method being both non-invasive and highly portable.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Mills, R., Avan, E., and Dwyer-Joyce, R., "Measuring Lubricant Films at the Piston-Cylinder Contact: An Overview of Current Technologies with Focus on Ultrasound," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0294, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0294.Also In
References
- Richardson , D. Review of Power Cylinder Friction for Diesel Engines Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122 506 519 2000
- Nakada , M. Trends in Engine Technology and Tribology Tribology International 27 1 3 8 1994
- Arcoumanis , C. , Duszynski , M. , Lindenkamp , H. , and Preston , H. Measurements of the Lubricant Film Thickness in the Cylinder of a Firing Diesel Engine Using LIF SAE Technical Paper 982435 1998 10.4271/982435
- Nakayama , K. , Tamaki , S. , Miki , H. , and Takiguchi , M. The Effect of Crankshaft Offset on Piston Friction Force in a Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0922 2000 10.4271/2000-01-0922
- Takiguchi , M. , Nakayama , K. , Furuhama , S. , and Yoshida , H. Variation of Piston Ring Oil Film Thickness in an Internal Combustion Engine - Comparison Between Thrust and Anti-Thrust Sides SAE Technical Paper 980563 1998 10.4271/980563
- Inagaki , H. , Saito , A. , Murakami , M. , and Konomi , T. Measurement of Oil Film Thickness on Piston Surface Using the Fluorescence Method (Development of Measurement System) JSME Series B: Fluids and Thermal Engineering 40 3 487 493 1997
- Hoult , D. , Lux , J. , Wong , V. , and Billian , S. Calibration of Laser Fluorescence Measurements of Lubricant Film Thickness in Engines SAE Technical Paper 881587 1988 10.4271/881587
- Lux , J. , Hoult , D. Lubricant Film Thickness Measurements in a Diesel Engine Piston Ring Zone Lubrication Engineering 47 5 353 364 1991
- Seki , T. , Nakayama , T. , Yamada , A. , Yoshida , A. et al. A Study on Variation in Oil Film Thickness of a Piston Ring Package: Variation of Oil Film Thickness in Piston Sliding Direction JSAE Review 21 3 315 320 2000
- Golloch , R. , Merker , G. , Kessen , U. , and Brinkmann , S. Functional Properties of Microstructured Cylinder Liner Surfaces for Internal Combustion Engines Tribotest. 11 4 307 324 2005
- Taylor , R. , and Evans In-Situ Piston Measurements Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Engineering Tribology 218 185 200 2004
- Tamminen , J. , Sandström , C. , and Andersson , P. Influence of Load on the Tribological Conditions in Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Contacts in a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Tribology International 39 1643 1652 2006
- Wing , R. , and Saunders , O. Oil Film Temperature and Thickness Measurements on the Piston Rings of a Diesel Engine Archive: Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 186 1 9 1972
- Lewis , M. A Miniature Mutual Inductive Proximity Transducer J. Phys. E. 7 269 271 1974
- Dow , T. , Schiele , C. , and Stockwell , R. Technique for Experimental Evaluation of Piston-Ring/Cylinder Film Thickness J. Lubr. Technol. 105 353 360 1983
- Courtney-Pratt , J. , and Tudor , G. An Analysis of the Lubrication Between the Piston Rings and Cylinder Wall of a Running Engine Archive: Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 155 1 293 299 1946
- Saad , P. , Kamo , L. , Mekari , M. , Bryzik , W. et al. Modeling and Measurement of Tribological Parameters between Piston Rings and Liner in Turbocharged Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1440 2007 10.4271/2007-01-1440
- Dhar , A. , Agarwal , A. , and Saxena , V. Measurement of Dynamic Lubricating Oil Film Thickness Between Piston Ring and Liner in a Motored Engine Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 149 7 15 2009
- Takiguchi , M. , Sasaki , R. , Takahashi , I. , Ishibashi , F. et al. Oil Film Thickness Measurement and Analysis of a Three Ring Pack in an Operating Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1787 2000 10.4271/2000-01-1787
- Hamilton , G. , and Moore , S. Measurement of the Oil-Film Thickness Between Piston Rings and Liner of a Small Diesel Engine Archive: Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 188 253 261 1974
- Hamilton , G. , and Moore , S. Comparison Between Measured and Calculated Film Thickness of the Oil-Film Lubricating Piston-Rings Archive: Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 188 262 268 1974
- Dwyer-Joyce , R. , Drinkwater , B. , and Donohoe , C. The Measurement of Lubricant Film Thickness using Ultrasound Proc. Roy. Soc. A 459 957 976 2002
- Harper , P. , Dwyer-Joyce , R. , Sjödin , U. , and Olofsson , O. Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Method for Measurement of Oil Film Thickness in a Hydraulic Motor Piston Ring Proc. 31 st Leeds-Lyon Symp. on Trib. 2005
- Avan , E. , Mills , R. , and Dwyer-Joyce , R. Ultrasonic Imaging of the Piston Ring Oil Film During Operation in a Motored Engine - Towards Oil Film Thickness Measurement SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 2 786 793 2010 10.4271/2010-01-2179
- Dwyer-Joyce , R. , Green , D. , Harper , P. , Lewis , R. et al. The Measurement of Liner - Piston Skirt Oil Film Thickness by an Ultrasonic Means SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0648 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0648
- Baba , Y. , Suzuki , H. , Sakai , Y. , Wei , D. et al. PIV/LIF Measurements of Oil Film Behaviour on the Piston in I.C. Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-24-0001 2007 10.4271/2007-24-0001
- Furuhama , S. , Asahi , C. , and Hiruma , M. Measurement of Piston Ring Oil Film Thickness in an Operating Engine ASLE Transactions 26 3 325 332 1982
- Söchting , S. , and Sherrington , I. The Effect of Load and Viscosity on the Minimum Operating Oil Film Thickness of Piston-Rings in Internal Combustion Engines Proc.Ins. Mech. Eng: Journal of Engineering Tribology Part J 223 383 391 2009
- Sherrington , I. , Freeman , A. , Grice , N. , and Smith , E. Simultaneous Measurement of Oil Availability and Minimum Operating Film Thickness in a Piston-Ring Simulator Proc. NordTrib Sweden 2002
- Avan , E. , Mills , R. , and Dwyer-Joyce , R. Frictional Characteristics of Ultrasonically Measured Lubricant Films in a Simulated Piston Ring Liner Contact SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1400 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1400
- Littlefair , B. , Howell-Smith , S. , Rahnejat , H. , and Theosissiades , S. Assessment of thermo-structural effects on EHL piston skirt lubrication Proceedings of the ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference (ICES 2012) 6 9 May Torino, Italy