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Chemical Reaction between Titanate Compounds and Phenolic Resins
Technical Paper
2011-01-2366
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Titanate compounds are well-known for being widely used in Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) brake pad formulations. These NAO formulations provide excellent performance in friction stability and a low amount of wear for disc brake pads.
In our previous reports, we observed that brake performance in dynamo testing is influenced by a titanate's chemical composition, crystalline structure, and powder properties. We also introduced the thrust test machine as an easy method to evaluate friction materials [1], [2].
In our later research, Otsuka synthesized a new non-fibrous titanate that performs nearly at the same level as fibrous titanates. This new non-fibrous compound contains many pores which form as a result of aggregates of submicron-sized particles; this thereby provides strong fade-proof performance [3].
Our newest study finds that under high temperatures and in the presence of small amounts of oxygen (i.e. when friction is produced) the chemical properties of Otsuka's titanates induce a chemical reaction with the cross-linked phenolic resin. This resin is the pad's binder resin. This study evaluates the chemical reactivity of these titanate compounds and the cross-linked phenolic resin, and finds that titanates have a higher reactive efficiency than other materials.
Our theory is that the reaction that occurs on the friction surface between the titanate and the phenolic resin may influence the tribological performance of the brakes.
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Daimon, E., Inada, K., Yamamoto, Y., and O'Doherty, J., "Chemical Reaction between Titanate Compounds and Phenolic Resins," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-2366, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2366.Also In
References
- Inada, K. Aki, M. Yamamoto, Y. “Relationship Between Powder Properties of Titanate Compounds and Brake Performance,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3925 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3925
- Kamifuku, A. Inada, K. Downey, M. Yamamoto, Y. “The Brake Abrasion Properties in Two Kinds of Platelet Titanate Compound Formulations, and the Swift Brake Property Evaluation by Using the Thrust Test Method,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3950 2007 10.4271/2007-01-3950
- Kamada, S. Inada, K. Downey, M. Yamamoto, Y. “An Evaluation Method of Brake Pads for New Titanates,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-3013 2009 10.4271/2009-01-3013
- Sobera, M. et al 2003 Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of cured phenolic resins Journal of Chromatography A 993 2003 131 135
- Yamashita, Y. et al 1982 Influence of Alkali on the carbonization process -1 Carbon 20 1 1982 41 45