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Emission Testing of N 2 O (Bag Sampling) from Diverse Vehicles by Laser Spectroscopic Motor Exhaust Gas Analyzer
Technical Paper
2011-01-1155
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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Language:
English
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
finalized a reporting rule for the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
emissions including Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) from all sectors of the
economy. In addition, EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) have been working together on developing a
National Program of harmonized regulations to reduce GHGs emissions
and improve fuel economy of light-duty vehicles (LDV). As a
consequence, the limiting value for N₂O emission from LDV is set to
0.01 g/mile. Considering this regulatory limit of N₂O emission from
LDV, if the exhaust gas is diluted and stored in a sample storage
bag, the concentration of N₂O becomes very low which requires a
highly sensitive analyzer for accurate measurement.
In the previous study, an instrument based on Quantum Cascade
Mid-IR Laser (QCL-Mid IR) Spectroscopy has been developed for
measuring ultra-low level of N₂O in automobile exhaust gas sampled
in a sample storage bag. In this study, the instrument has been
used for measuring total and modal mass emissions of N₂O from four
different LDVs, all meeting regional emission standards applicable
for respective model years. The vehicles included a direct
injection (DI) gasoline vehicle, a direct injection diesel vehicle,
and two conventional port injection (PI) gasoline vehicles. The
main objective is to examine the measurement capability of the
instrument and to develop a better understanding of N₂O emissions
from diverse catalyst-equipped vehicles. Measurements are conducted
on a chassis dynamometer under FTP75 driving cycle both at cold and
hot start conditions. Samples are stored in sample storage bags for
measurement after being diluted in a Constant Volume Sampling (CVS)
system.
It is found from the investigation that the DI gasoline vehicle
emits higher N₂O (approximately double) than conventional PI
gasoline vehicles. N₂O emission is found to be increased during
nitrogen oxides (NOx) conversion in the catalytic
converter. The concentration of N₂O in the sample storage bag
becomes very low upon dilution. The laser-based motor exhaust gas
analyzer showed strong potential for measuring this ultra-low
concentration of N₂O in sample storage bag.
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Authors
Citation
Rahman, M., Hara, K., Nakatani, S., and Tanaka, Y., "Emission Testing of N2O (Bag Sampling) from Diverse Vehicles by Laser Spectroscopic Motor Exhaust Gas Analyzer," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1155, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1155.Also In
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