Well-To-Wheel Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of Hypothetical Fleet of Electrified Vehicles in Canada and the U.S.

The objective of this study is to determine the energy use and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions involved in adopting various electrified vehicle technologies over the next decade in Canada and the United States. The vehicle architectures selected for this work stem from those in the EcoCAR competitions. Each architecture was simulated using Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL) Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) software to determine the energy consumption and petroleum use. Natural Resources Canada's GHGenius model and ANL's GREET model were employed to determine the upstream emissions resulting from each region's power generation mix. Results from each powertrain and fuel combination were analyzed in order to understand the repercussions of introducing these vehicle technologies over the next decade. The three Canadian Provinces selected for this study were Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. The U.S. regions studied were the Northeastern U.S., California, and the complete U.S. mix. Regions were selected due to their contrasting power generation schemes. This paper describes the implications and the impact of various vehicle technology mixes in each region for the year 2020.