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Development of the Combustion System for a Flexible Fuel Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine
Journal Article
2010-01-0585
ISSN: 1946-3936, e-ISSN: 1946-3944
Sector:
Topic:
Citation:
Whitaker, P., Shen, Y., Spanner, C., Fuchs, H. et al., "Development of the Combustion System for a Flexible Fuel Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine," SAE Int. J. Engines 3(1):326-354, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0585.
Language:
English
Abstract:
Gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) engines, such as
EcoBoostâ„¢ from Ford, are becoming established as a high value
technology solution to improve passenger car and light truck fuel
economy. Due to their high specific performance and excellent
low-speed torque, improved fuel economy can be realized due to
downsizing and downspeeding without sacrificing performance and
driveability while meeting the most stringent future emissions
standards with an inexpensive three-way catalyst.
A logical and synergistic extension of the EcoBoostâ„¢ strategy
is the use of E85 (approximately 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) for
knock mitigation. Direct injection of E85 is very effective in
suppressing knock due to ethanol's high heat of vaporization -
which increases the charge cooling benefit of direct injection -
and inherently high octane rating. As a result, higher boost levels
can be achieved while maintaining optimal combustion phasing giving
high thermal efficiency. However, due to their different
properties, optimization of a combustion system for both regular
grade (91 RON) gasoline and E85 is non-trivial.
This paper describes the initial design and development of a new
combustion system for a flexible fuel (gasoline and E85)
turbocharged direct injection engine. The development process
utilized a boosted single-cylinder engine in conjunction with a
second boosted single-cylinder engine with optical access which was
used to provide insight into fuel/air interactions and resultant
combustion performance. Using this approach a robust combustion
system was developed to meet targets for both gasoline and E85
operation before multi-cylinder hardware was available.