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Laboratory Testing of Urea-SCR Formulations to Meet Tier 2 Bin 5 Emissions
Technical Paper
2007-01-1575
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Urea-based Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has the potential to meet U.S. Diesel Tier 2 Bin 5 emission standards for NOx in 2010. The operating and driving conditions of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles make it necessary to customize catalyst features to the application. This paper reviews the selection of SCR catalyst technology for the U.S. and the appropriate aging and poisoning protocols for current supplier SCR catalysts. Generally, light-duty applications require SCR catalysts to function well at low temperature whereas heavy-duty applications require functionality at high temperature and high space velocity. One main durability requirement of SCR formulations involves withstanding the high temperature process of regenerating particulate filters from accumulated soot. Unrefined engine exhaust temperature control coupled with the inexact temperature measurement may also expose SCR catalysts to additional over-temperature conditions. Therefore, base metal/zeolite formulations are more appropriate for U.S. diesel applications than vanadia-containing formulations. On the basis of performance, two important parameters for selecting the proper SCR formulation involve the exhaust temperature profile and the NO2/NOx ratio expected during typical driving conditions. Other operating parameters such as oxygen level, water level, and amount of ammonia on the catalyst surface all have influence on the system performance. A detailed comparison is made between the basic catalytic activity of Cu/zeolite and Fe/zeolite formulations, and their durability to poisons such as sulfur and hydrocarbons is investigated.
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Authors
- Giovanni Cavataio - Ford Research and Innovation Center
- James Girard - Ford Research and Innovation Center
- Joseph Eli Patterson - Ford Research and Innovation Center
- Clifford Montreuil - Ford Research and Innovation Center
- Yisun Cheng - Ford Research and Innovation Center
- Christine K. Lambert - Ford Research and Innovation Center
Citation
Cavataio, G., Girard, J., Patterson, J., Montreuil, C. et al., "Laboratory Testing of Urea-SCR Formulations to Meet Tier 2 Bin 5 Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1575, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1575.Also In
References
- Djerad S. Crocoll M. Kureti S. Tifouti L. Weisweiler W. “Effect of oxygen concentration on the NOx reduction with ammonia over V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst,” Catalysis Today 113 2006 208 214
- Girard J. Cavataio G. Lambert C. “The influence of ammonia slip catalysts on ammonia, N 2 O and NOx emissions for diesel engines” SAE 2007-01-1572
- Girard J. Snow R. Cavataio G. Lambert C. “The influence of ammonia to NOx ratio on SCR performance” SAE 2007-01-1581
- Lambert C. et al. “Urea SCR and DPF System for Diesel Sport Utility Vehicle Meeting Tier 2 Bin 5” 2003 DEER Conference
- Schmieg S.J. Lee J-H. “Evaluation of Supplier Catalyst Formulations for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia,” SAE 2005-01-3881