This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development of a Biofidelic ‘Legform’ Impact Test Device
Technical Paper
2007-01-0700
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Current EuroNCAP test specifications attempt to predict pedestrian lower limb injury in a lateral impact with a rigid legform test device developed by the UK's TRL (Transportation Research Lab). Research shows that the measurements taken from this device (knee bending angle, knee shear, and upper tibia acceleration) do not necessarily correspond to accurate injury prediction. Recent research suggests that the primary improvement to the current test device would be a flexible legform, or one that has more biofidelity (i.e., simulates actual human lower limb response).
The work presented in this paper first reviews current legforms developed for pedestrian impact testing, including the TRL impactor used in EuroNCAP tests, Honda's POLAR II pedestrian dummy, and JAMA/JARI's FLEX-PLI legform impactor. Component level testing shows the FLEX-PLI performance to be close to the human lower limb response corridors. However, there are still areas of potential improvement with this design. To address these areas, this research includes the phase 1 development of a new legform impactor incorporating adjustable ligament pre-load, direct ligament strain measurements, adjustability in knee flexion to account for the gait cycle, tuned composite bone cores that match the force-deflection curves of PMHS testing, and a condyle load plate that measures knee joint compressive forces. Development techniques include solid modeling, computer-aided manufacturing, composite design and analysis, sensor specifications, and data acquisition. In so doing, the injury specifications set by the EEVC will be modified to account for the more accurate injury assessment of the improved device.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Development of the AFRL Biodynamics Data Bank and Web User Interface |
Technical Paper | Research History of Motorcycle Leg Protection |
Technical Paper | Human Swept Volumes |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Davis, J. and Schuster, P., "Development of a Biofidelic ‘Legform’ Impact Test Device," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0700, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0700.Also In
References
- “Traffic Safety Facts 2002,” US Department of Transportation 2002
- Lawrence G. Hardy B. “A Study on the Feasibility of Measures Relating to the Protection of Pedestrians and Other Vulnerable Road Users - Final Report,” TRL Limited June 2004
- Mizuno Y. “Summary of IHRA Pedestrian Safety WG Activities (2003) - Proposed Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars” JASIC Japan Paper # 580
- “Frequencies of Pelvis/Femur Fractures for Pedestrians More Than 11 Years Old” INRETS Lab.
- “European Experimental Vehicles Committee: Working Group 7 on Pedestrian Injury Accidents,” Pedestrian Injury Accidents Proceedings of the Ninth ESV Conference Kyoto November 1982
- “Member States Put Industrial Convenience Over Public Safety,” Press Notice: European Transport Safety Council www.etsc.be November 2001
- Bhalla K. Bose D. Madeley N. Kerrigan J. Crandall J. Longhitano D. Takahashi Y. “Evaluation of the Response of Mechanical Pedestrian Knee Joint Impactors in Bending and Loading, ” ESV 2003, Paper # 429
- “Improved Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars” September 2002 EEVC Working Group 17 Report, www.eevc.org
- Kajzer J. Schroeder G. Ishikawa H. Matsui Y. Bosch U. “Shearing and Bending Effects at the Knee Joint at High Speed Lateral Loading, ” SAE 1997, Paper # 973326
- Takahashi Y. Kikuchi Y. Okamoto M. Akiyama A. Ivarsson J. Bose D. Subit D. Shin J. Crandall J. “Biofidelity Evaluation for the Knee and Leg of the Polar Pedestrian Dummy, ” ESV 2005, Paper # 05-0280.
- Kerrigan J. Bhalla K. Madeley N. Funk J. Bose D. Crandall J. “Experiments for Establishing Pedestrian-Impact Lower Limb Injury Criteria,” SAE 2003, Paper # 2003-01-0895
- Bose D. Bhalla K. Rooij L. Millington S. Studley A. Crandall J. “Response of the Knee Joint to the Pedestrian Impact Loading Environment,” SAE 2004, Paper # 2004-01-1608
- Nyquist G. Cheng R. El-Bohy A. King A. “Tibia Bending: Strength and Response,” SAE 1985, Paper # 851728
- Schuster P. Evaluation of the Real-World Injury Reduction Potential of the Proposed European Pedestrian ‘Leg-form’ Impact Test Using a Detailed Finite Element Model of the Lower Limb Doctoral Dissertation Michigan Technological Univ. 2000
- Konosu A. Ishikawa H. Tanahashi M. “Reconsideration of Injury Criteria for Pedestrian Subsystem Legform Test - Problems with the Rigid Legform Impactor,” ESV 2001, Paper # 01-S8-O-263
- Akiyama A. Okamoto M. Rangarajan N. “Development and Application of the New Pedestrian Dummy,” ESV 2001, Paper # 463
- Konosu A. Tanahasi M. “Development of a Biofidelic Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor,” STAPP 2003, Paper # 2003-22-0020
- Konosu A. Tanahasi M. “Development of an FE Flexible Pedestrian Leg-Form Impactor (Flex-PLI 2003R) Model and Evaluation of its Biofidelity,” SAE 2004 Paper # 2004-01-1609
- Ramet M. Bouquet R. Bermond F. Yves C. “Shearing and Bending Human Knee Joint Tests in Quasi-static Lateral Load,” IRCOBI 1995
- Bartel Davy Keaveny Mechanics and Design in Musculoskeletal Systems El Corral Publications 2004
- Nordin M. Frankel V. H. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2001
- Jones R. Mechanics of Composite Materials 2 nd New York: Brunner-Routledge 1999
- Davis J. Development of a Biofidelic Legform Impactor Master's Thesis. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo 2007
- Swanson S.R. Introduction to Design and Analysis with Advanced Composite Materials 68 69 New Jersey Prentice Hall 1997
- Konosu A. Tanahashi M. “Development of a Biofidelic Pedestrian Legform Impactor - Introduction of JAMA-JARI Legform Impactor Ver. 2002” ESV 2003, Paper # 378