Dhaibashoulder: A Scalable Shoulder Model for Accurate Reach Envelope using the Orbital Surface of the Functional Joint Center

We have developed a generic model of the human shoulder named “DhaibaShoulder.” In order to generalize the shoulder model formed by the orbital surface of the center of rotation of the shoulder, we clarified relationships between: the position of the center of rotation in the torso coordinates system, the shape of the orbital surface, and the torso anthropometric data. Using these results, our shoulder model can deform in accordance with anthropometric data and can determine the center of rotation in proportion to the posture of the upper arm. If the model is applied to a digital manikin, an actual reach envelope is simulated more accurately than is possible with other commercial digital manikins.