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How Flies the Albatross – the Flight Mechanics of Dynamic Soaring
Technical Paper
2004-01-3088
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
The flight mechanics of dynamic soaring are described to explain how the albatross can sustain soaring flight over a waveless sea in any net direction, including upwind, by extracting energy from the wind velocity gradient with cyclic zoom maneuvers. A dynamic soaring force is postulated to be represented by a wind-aligned vector providing energy gain during both upwind ascent and downwind descent in the wind profile. Maneuver angles are specified consistent with both a dynamic soaring rule and the desired net progress over the water. The equations of motion for coordinated maneuvering in the wind profile are derived and numerically integrated for a range of trajectories as perceived by the albatross, and also as perceived by a stationary observer.
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Barnes, J., "How Flies the Albatross – the Flight Mechanics of Dynamic Soaring," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-3088, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-3088.Also In
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