This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
2D Mapping and Quantification of the In-Cylinder Air/Fuel-Ratio in a GDI Engine by Means of LIF and Comparison to Simultaneous Results from 1D Raman Measurements
Technical Paper
2001-01-1977
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The optimization of the vaporization and mixture formation process is of great importance for the development of modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, because it influences the subsequent processes of the ignition, combustion and pollutant formation significantly. In consequence, the subject of this work was the development of a measurement technique based on the laser induced exciplex fluorescence (LIF), which allows the two dimensional visualization and quantification of the in-cylinder air/fuel ratio.
A tracer concept consisting of benzene and triethylamine dissolved in a non-fluorescent base fuel has been used. The calibration of the equivalence ratio proportional LIF-signal was performed directly inside the engine, at a well known mixture composition, immediately before the direct injection measurements were started. Thus, it was possible to minimize crucial effects caused by window fouling, the non-uniformity of the laser illumination and finally the optical particularities of the setup.
For comparison with the LIF results, Raman measurements were carried out simultaneously. In addition to different engine operating points in the homogeneous regime, the mixture formation was also investigated at stratified charge. A comparison between the results of both measurement techniques shows very good agreement for cycle resolved measurements as well as for the mean values of the air/fuel ratios.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Wolfgang Ipp - Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Jan Egermann - Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Ingo Schmitz - Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Volker Wagner - Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Alfred Leipertz - Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Matthias Hartmann - BMW AG
- Martin Schenk - BMW AG
Topic
Citation
Ipp, W., Egermann, J., Schmitz, I., Wagner, V. et al., "2D Mapping and Quantification of the In-Cylinder Air/Fuel-Ratio in a GDI Engine by Means of LIF and Comparison to Simultaneous Results from 1D Raman Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1977, 2001, https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1977.Also In
References
- A Review of Mixture Formation and Combustion Control Strategies for Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines Zhao F. Q. Lai M. C. Harrington D. L. SAE Paper 970627 1997
- Spicher U. Weimar H. J. Leipertz A. Prof. Dr.-Ing. ESYTEC GmbH Erlangen 1999 423 444
- Harada J. Tomita T. Mizuno H. Mashiki Z. Ito Y. Development of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine SAE Paper 970540 1997
- Iwamoto Y. Noma K. Nakayama O. Yamauchi T. Ando H. Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine SAE Paper 970541
- Wirth M. Piock W. F. Fraidl G. K. Schoeggl P. Winkelhofer E. Gasoline DI Engines: The Complete System Approach by Interaction of Advanced Development Tools SAE Paper 980492 1998
- Krämer H. Münch K.-U. Leipertz A. Investigation of Fuel Evaporation Inside the Intake of a SI Engine Using Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence with a New Seed SAE Paper 961930 1996
- Wensing M. Krämer H. Münch K.-U. Leipertz A. Mixture Formation and Combustion of a Four-Valve SI Engine Investigated by Advanced Two-Dimensional Laser Measurement Techniques Proc. Comodia 98 379 385 1998
- Ipp W. Wagner V. Krämer H. Wensing M. Leipertz A. Arndt S. Jain A. K. Spray Formation of High Pressure Swirl Injectors Investigated by Two-Dimensional Mie and LIEF Techniques SAE Paper 1999-01-0498
- Wagner V. Ipp W. Wensing M. Leipertz A. Fuel Distribution and Mixture Formation Inside a Direct Injection SI Engine Investigated by Two-Dimensional Mie and LIEF Techniques SAE Paper 1999-01-3659
- Ipp W. Wagner V. Wensing M. Leipertz A Spicher U. Expert Verlag Renningen 2000 136 153
- Wensing M. Ipp W. Wagner V. Rabenstein F. Krämer H. Egermann J. Leipertz A. Leipertz A. Prof. Dr.-Ing. ESYTEC GmbH Erlangen 1999 445 459
- Rabenstein F. Egermann J. Leipertz A. Leipertz A. Prof. Dr.-Ing. ESYTEC GmbH Erlangen 1999 295 304
- Hentschel W. Homburg A. Ohmstede G. Müller T. Grünefeld G. Investigation of Spray Formation of DI Gasoline Hollow-Cone Injectors Inside a Pressure Chamber and a Glass Ring Engine by Multiple Optical Techniques SAE Paper 1999-01-3660
- Hentschel W. Meyer H. Stiebels B. Application of laser-optical diagnostics for the support of direct - injection gasoline combustion process development Proc. 4 th International Symposium in Internal Combustion Diagnostics 181 195 2000
- Wolff D. Beushausen V. Schlüter H. Andresen P. Hentschel W. Manz P. Arndt S. Quantitative 2D-Mixture Fraction Imaging Inside an Internal Engine Using Acetone-Flourescence Proc. of the Third International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA 94) 445 451 1994
- Neij H. Johanson B. Alden M. Development and Demonstration of 2D-LIF for Studies of Mixture Preparation in SI-Engines Combustion and Flame 99 449 457 1994
- Ghandi J. B. Bracco F. V. Fuel Distribution Effects on the Combustion of a Direct-Injection Stratified-Charge Engine SAE Paper 950460 1995
- Melton L. A. Vierdieck J. F. Vapor / Liquid Visualization in Fuel Sprays Proc. Combust. Inst. 20 1283 1290 1984
- Deschamps B. Ricordeau V. Depussay E. Mounaim-Rousselle C. Combined Catalytic Hot Wires Probe and Fuel-Air-Ratio-Laser Induced-Exciplex Fluorescence Air/Fuel Ratio Measurements at the Spark Location Prior to Ignition in a Stratified GDI Engine SAE Paper 1999-01-3536 1999
- Ipp W. Egermann J. Wagner V. Leipertz A. Visualization of the Qualitative Fuel Distribution and Mixture Formation Inside a Transparent GDI Engine with 2D-Mie and LIEF Techniques and Comparison to the Quantitative Measurements of the Fuel/Air Ratio with 1D Raman Spectroscopy SAE Paper 2000-01-1793
- Hanson R. K. Seitzmann J. M. Paul P. H. Planar Laser-Fluoreszenz Imaging of Combustion Gases Appl. Phys. B 441 454 1990
- Reboux J. Puechberty D. Dionnet F. A New Approach of Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Applied to Fuel/Air Ratio Measurements in the Compression Stroke of a S.I. Engine SAE Paper 94188 1994
- Fröba A. Rabenstein F. Münch K.-U. Leipertz A. Mixture of Triethylamine (TEA) and Benzene as a New Seeding Material for Quantitative Two-Dimensional Laser-Induced Exciplex Fluorescence Imaging of Vapor and Liquid Fuel Inside SI Engines Combustion and Flame 112 1998 199 209
- Heinze T. Schmidt T. Fuel-Air Ratios in an Injection Jet, Determined by Pulsed Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy SAE Paper 892102 1989
- Grünefeld G. Knapp M. Beushausen V. Andresen P. Hentschel W. Manz P. In-Cylinder Measurements and Analysis on Fundamental Cold Start and Warm-Up Phenomena of SI Engines SAE Paper 952394 1995
- Miles P.C. Hinze P.C. Characterization of the Mixing of Fresh Charge with Combustion Residuals Using Laser Raman Scattering with Broadband Detection SAE Paper 981428 1998
- Miles P.C. Raman Line Imaging for Spatially and Temporally Resolved Mole Fraction Measurements in Internal Combustion Engines Applied Optics 38 9 1714 1732 1999
- Richter M. Franke A. Alden M. Hultquist A. Johansson B. Optical Diagnostics Applied to a Naturally Aspirated Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine SAE Paper 1999-01-3649 1999
- Schütte M. Finke H. Grünefeld G. Krüger S. Andresen P. Stiebels B. Block B. Meyer H. Hentschel W. Spatially Resolved Air-Fuel Ratio and Residual Gas Measurements by Spontaneous Raman Scattering in a Firing Direct Injection Gasoline Engine SAE Paper 2000-01-1795 2000
- Rabenstein F. Egermann J. Leipertz A. D'Alfonso N. Vapor-Phase Structures of Diesel-Type Fuel Sprays: An Experimental Analysis SAE Paper 982543 1998
- Egermann J. Koebcke W. Ipp W. Leipertz A. Investigation of the Mixture Formation Inside a GDI Engine by Means of Linear Raman Spectroscopy Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 2000
- Egermann J. Leipertz A. Influence of Fuel Properties on Mixture Formation: An Experimental Analysis for High Pressure Swirl Injectors SAE Paper 2000-01-2863
- Richter M. Axelson B. Nyholm K. Alden M. Real-Time Calibration of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Air-Fuel Ratio Measurements in Combustion Environments using in situ Raman Scattering Proc. Combust. Inst. 27 51 57 1998