Modeling and Test Results for Two Loop Heat Pipes with a Freeze-Tolerant Condenser

This paper describes modeling and test results for a two Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) with a condenser designed to be used in a deployable spacecraft radiator system. These units were provided by the two major commercial US vendors of LHPs. The condenser used is a freeze-tolerant, parallel-flow design based on the International Space Station (ISS) deployable radiator design. This condenser allows the deployable radiator to be utilized without freeze-protection heaters.