This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Comparison of Emissions and Flow Restriction of Thinwall Ceramic Substrates for Low Emission Vehicles
Technical Paper
1999-01-0271
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The emission and flow restriction characteristics of three different ceramic substrates with varying wall thickness and cell density (400 cpsi/6.5 mil, 600/4.3, and 600/3.5) are compared. These 106mm diameter substrates were catalyzed with similar amounts of washcoat and fabricated into catalytic converters having a total volume of 2.0 liters. A Pd/Rh catalyst technology was applied at a concentration of 6.65 g/l and a ratio of 20/1. Three sets of converters (two of each type) were aged for 100 hours on an engine dynamometer stand. After aging, the FTP performance of these converters were evaluated on an auto-driver FTP stand using a 2.4L, four-cylinder prototype engine and on a 2.4L, four-cylinder prototype vehicle. A third set of unaged converters was used for cold flow restriction measurements and vehicle acceleration tests.
Independent FTP results on the auto-driver 2.4L engine and the 2.4L vehicle demonstrated that the 600 cpsi catalysts had significantly better emissions performance than the catalyst using the 400 cpsi substrate. In general, the high geometric surface area of the 600 cpsi substrates exhibited superior HC and NOx emission performance throughout all phases of the FTP. The bulk density of the substrates appeared to significantly affect NOx emissions during the cold start portion of the FTP. The results suggest that 600 cpsi substrates can be used to reduce catalyst volume while maintaining equivalent emissions performance to a 400 cpsi substrate.
With respect to the cold flow restriction tests and the vehicle accelerations, the 400/6.5 product and the 600/3.5 product exhibited similar performance. The 600/4.3 product was more restrictive and negatively impacted vehicle acceleration.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Ball, D., Tripp, G., Socha, L., Heibel, A. et al., "A Comparison of Emissions and Flow Restriction of Thinwall Ceramic Substrates for Low Emission Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0271, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0271.Also In
References
- Pfalzgraf B. Reiger M. Ottowitz G. “Close-coupled Catalytic Converters for Compliance with LEV/ULEV and EGIII Legislation - Influence of Support Material, Cell Density- and Mass on Emission Results” SAE Paper No. 960261 1996
- Liebl J. Otto E. Albrecht F. Zinecker R. “The Development of Emission Treatment Concepts for Future Legislation” December 1997
- Kishi N. Kikuchi S. Seki Y. Kato A. Fujimoro K. “Development of the High Performance L4 Engine ULEV System” SAE Paper No. 980415 1998
- Otto E. Albrecht F. Liebl J. “The Development of BMW Catalyst Concepts for LEV / ULEV and EU III / IV Legislations 6 Cylinder Engine with Close Coupled Main Catalyst” SAE Paper No. 980418 1998
- Heck R.M. Hu Z. Smaling. R. Amundsen A. Burke, M.C. “Close Coupled Catalyst System design and ULEV Performance after 1050°C Aging” SAE Paper NO. 952415 1995
- Hu Z. Heck R.M. “High Temperature Ultra Stable Close-Coupled Catalysts” SAE Paper No. 9502554 1995
- Summers J.C. Skowron J.F. Miller M.J. “Use of Light-off Catalysts to Meet the California LEV/ULEV Standards” SAE Paper No. 930386 1993
- Ball D.J. “A Warm-up and Underfloor Converter Parametric Study” SAE paper No. 932765 1993
- Socha, L. S. JR Day J.P. Barnett, E.H. “Impact of Catalyst Support Design parameters on FTP Emissions” SAE Paper No. 892041 1989
- Yamamoto H. Horie, H Kitagawa J Machida, M. “Reduction of Wall Thickness of Ceramic Substrates for Automotive Catalysts” SAE Paper No. 900614 1990
- Umehara K. Yamada T. Hijikata T. Ichikawa Y. Katsube F. “Advanced Ceramic Substrate: Catalytic Performance Improvement by High Geometric Surface Area and Low Heat Capacity” SAE Paper No. 971029 1997
- Blanchett S. Richmond R. Vaneman G. “Implementation of the Effectiveness-NTU Methodology for Catalytic Converter Design” SAE Paper No. 980673 1998
- Socha L.S. Jr. Heibel, A. Kessler, B. Rieck, J. Mitchell, G. Weber P. Buckingham, J. “Performance of Different Cell Structure Converters, A Total Systems Perspective” SAE Paper No. 982634 1998
- Ball D. J. Mohammed A.G. Schmidt W. “Application of Accelerated Rapid Aging Test (RAT sm ) Schedules with Poisons: The Effects of Oil Derived Poisons, Thermal Degradation and Catalyst Volume on FTP Emissions” SAE Paper No. 972846 1997