Your Destination for Mobility Engineering Resources

Announcements for SAE Mobilus

Dear patrons, We’re excited to introduce SAE AI Chat – a new AI-powered feature now available in beta on Mobilus. With SAE AI Chat, you can: Ask natural language questions and receive responses derived from 12,000+ SAE standards Save time searching through extensive technical documents Summarize text and discover connections between different topics or publications The feature is currently in beta development phase and may have limitations. How to Get Access? This beta release is currently available only to a limited number of users. To request access: Visit our Signup Page Complete the form (< 2 minutes) We'll notify you if you've been selected for the beta program with instructions to login. We'll be rolling out access starting towards end of June 2025, so we encourage you to sign up promptly if you're interested. Have Questions? Visit the FAQs section or contact us for additional information. - The Mobilus Team

[ARCHIVED] Attn.: System maintenance @ 6 PM ET, April 15, 2025

Last updated: April 16, 2025, 09.11 AM ET Date posted (original message): April 15, 2025, 12.10 PM ET UPDATE: The maintenance work has been completed and the website is back up and running again. Thank you for your patience. ORIGINAL MESSAGE: Please note that this evening beginning at 6pm ET, we will be performing network maintenance on pieces of the core network infrastructure. We expect this work to last for 1 hour. During this period, access to Mobilus may be impacted and the site may be unreachable during this time. We will update once the maintenance activities have been completed. - The Mobilus team

[ARCHIVED] Experience WCX for Free—Expo Pass + Keynote Insights!

Join us at WCX 2025, where the future of mobility takes center stage! Get your FREE Expo Pass to explore groundbreaking technology, connect with industry leaders, and hear from visionary keynote speakers from Woven by Toyota, Stellantis, and Intel Automotive. For more information, visit: wcx.sae.org

[Resolved] Service notice - System issues

Update: Issue has been resolved. Please reach out to CustomerService@sae.org if you have any questions. -- Hello, Please be aware that we are currently experiencing system issues / slowness on the platform, and our teams are working diligently to resolve the issue as quickly as possible. We apologize for any inconvenience and appreciate your patience and understanding. Thank you for your continued support. Best regards, The Mobilus Team

[ARCHIVED] Counter Reports Issue - Fixed

Last updated: November 11, 2024 [LATEST UPDATE] The issue has been fixed and Counter reports are now accessible through the portal. Usage data until the previous month (i.e. October 2024) can be pulled in reports. Useful links: FAQs: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/counter-usage-reports Mobilus Minute video on Counter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45s8S3ixURk Thank you for your patience and understanding. - The Mobilus team -- [PREVIOUS MESSAGE HISTORY] Original announcement: Please note that Counter Database Reports and Title Reports are currently experiencing technical issues, and our team is working on restoring all functionality as soon as possible. We have disabled usage data extraction, while we're looking into the issue. If you need immediate access to usage reporting, please reach out to your SAE Mobilus sales representative. Thank you for your patience, and we apologize for the inconvenience.

[ARCHIVED] Important Notice: Sunset of Mobilus 3.0

[LATEST UPDATE] The legacy version of Mobilus (Mobilus 3.0) has now been officially sunset. Thank you for your valuable feedback and continued support in helping to improve Mobilus. - The Mobilus team -- [PREVIOUS MESSAGE HISTORY] IMPORTANT UPDATE: Sunset of Mobilus 3.0 (legacy version) We would like to inform you of an important update regarding SAE Mobilus - As part of our ongoing commitment to enhancing your experience, the legacy version of the platform (Mobilus 3.0) will be phased out on October 31, 2024. The current website with the newly redesigned interface introduced back in April, featuring an intuitive interface, improved search capabilities, advanced search, and in-depth browsing capabilities, will continue to remain operational going forward to support your needs. What You Need to Know: Last Day of Service (Mobilus 3.0): October 31, 2024 Content Access: You will retain access to all subscribed content through your institutional subscription. Personal Preferences Migration: While most settings tied to your Dasboard in Mobilus 3.0 (alerts, annotations, folders) will transfer over to the new platform, saved searches will not be retained and will need to be recreated in the new platform through your complimentary My Library account. Access the New Platform: Your institutional preferences around login (IP authentication, SSO, username/password) will be retained. We appreciate your understanding during this transition. Thank you for your continued support. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us. Answers to common questions / FAQs are accessible here. Best regards, The Mobilus Team SAE International

Quick Browse

Industries

Content by Type

Books
Courses
SAE Edge™ Research Reports
Journal Articles
Magazines
Magazine Articles
Standards
Technical Papers

Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

Browse All 177

Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response

EPR202501711/24/2025

The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the

Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering

EPR202501609/22/2025

Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and

Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles

EPR202501509/22/2025

The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and

Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots

EPR202501208/13/2025

The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable

Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features

EPR202501308/13/2025

Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and

Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles

EPR202501407/18/2025

Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and

Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

EPR202501105/21/2025

Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even

Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility

EPR202500905/20/2025

With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial

Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management

EPR202500805/20/2025

The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and

Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Dedicated Lanes

EPR202500704/24/2025

Dedicated lanes provide a simpler operating environment for ADS-equipped vehicles than those shared with other roadway users including human drivers, pedestrians, and bicycles. This final report in the Automation and Infrastructure series discusses how and when various types of lanes whether general purpose, managed, or specialty lanes might be temporarily or permanently reserved for ADS-equipped vehicles. Though simulations and economic analysis suggest that widespread use of dedicated lanes will not be warranted until market penetration is much higher, some US states and cities are developing such dedicated lanes now for limited use cases and other countries are planning more extensive deployment of dedicated lanes. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure: Dedicated Lanes includes a review of practices across the US as well as case studies from the EU and UK, the Near East, Japan, Singapore, and Canada. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

Browse All 16

Passenger Vehicle Systems

Electrified Vehicles

Advances and Current Practices in Mobility

Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy

Connected and Automated Vehicles

Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy

Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH

Transportation Safety

Alternative Powertrains

Commercial Vehicles

Engines

Materials and Manufacturing

Fuels and Lubricants

Aerospace

Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems

Recent Books

Browse All 709

Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction

R-59010/30/2025

As technology advances, so too must the methods we use to investigate and understand pedestrian collisions. Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction provides a much-needed update to the field—one that reflects the dramatic rise in digital evidence and the growing role of simulation in modern reconstructions. While earlier texts laid the foundation for understanding pedestrian impacts, they were written before the widespread use of video footage, onboard vehicle sensors, and powerful simulation software. This book addresses that shift. It introduces updated methods that incorporate event data recorders, surveillance video, dash cams, and advanced simulation tools like the PC-Crash multibody pedestrian model. These technologies allow for more precise, repeatable, and illustrative reconstructions than ever before. The book highlights when and how simulation can enhance an investigation—especially in complex scenarios such as roof vaults, sideswipes, or collisions that defy conventional

Composite Materials Handbook Volume 3 - Revision H

R-64010/16/2025

The third volume of this six-volume compendium provides methodologies and lessons learned for the design, analysis, manufacture, and field support of fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix composite structures. It also provides guidance on material and process specifications and procedures for using the data that is presented in Volume 2. The information provided is consistent with the guidance provided in Volume 1, and is an extensive compilation of the current knowledge and experiences of engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who are active in composites. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is a six-volume engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite

Beyond Compliance: Leveraging AS9100D and ISO9001:2015 Audit Findings for Continual Improvement

R-59210/10/2025

Beyond Compliance is more than just another quality management guide—it’s a powerful, practical roadmap for aerospace, defense, and manufacturing organizations committed to excellence through AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 standards. Every year, thousands of companies face audits. And every audit reveals something: nonconformities, gaps, or hidden inefficiencies. These findings can be brushed aside—or they can become the spark for meaningful change. This book shows you how to choose the latter. Drawing on decades of real-world auditing, consulting, and industry experience, the author presents 137 real case studies—true stories from actual audits that uncover critical lessons and opportunities. Each scenario is designed to engage, educate, and equip you with practical insights you can apply immediately to your own processes. Beyond Compliance challenges the idea that audits are just about passing or failing. Instead, it presents a new mindset: audits are not the end—they're the beginning of

McLaren: The Engine Company, Second Edition

R-58910/10/2025

McLaren: The Engine Company is the previously untold story of McLaren Engines-an American powerhouse founded in 1969 by Bruce McLaren and his partners to support the legendary McLaren Can-Am and Indy Car programs. From a modest facility in suburban Detroit came thunderous 8-liter Chevrolet V8s that carried McLaren's signature papaya-orange racecars to dominate the final years of Can-Am racing. The dyno rooms echoed with innovation, producing 1,000-horsepower turbo Offenhausers that twice put McLaren in Victory Lane at the Indianapolis 500 between 1972 and 1976. This updated second edition features newly added historical images and refined content that brings fresh clarity to the remarkable legacy of McLaren Engines. Though the core story remains the same, these updates enhance the reader's experience and provide richer visual context to the engineering feats described throughout. Inside, you'll explore how this unassuming shop on Eight Mile Road became a magnet for top manufacturers

Mobility Reimagined: My First Decade at the Crossroads of Change

R-57310/09/2025

In Mobility Reimagined, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid shares an unfiltered, deeply personal account of his first decade navigating the rapidly evolving automotive and mobility sectors. From engineering labs in Malaysia and Japan, to startup scenes in Southeast Asia and Finland, to boardrooms in Europe, keynote stages in China, and virtual standardization sessions with professionals in the US, Umar traces a career shaped by curiosity, courage, and a commitment to democratizing opportunity. As a brown Southeast Asian professional rising in an industry historically shaped by Western and East Asian leadership, Umar offers more than technical insight, he opens a window into what it takes to lead across borders, disrupt legacy systems, and redefine success on his own terms. This book is part strategy guide, part industry overview, and part leadership memoir. It speaks to young professionals, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, offering hard-won lessons on global expansion, digital

Software Defined Vehicles

R-59509/22/2025

Software Defined Vehicles This book provides a clear, in-depth introduction to the concept of software-defined vehicles (SDVs) and their role in the changing mobility ecosystem. It explores how software has become the core enabler of innovation, allowing manufacturers to deliver new features, safety functions, and comfort enhancements to their customers after a vehicle leaves the showroom floor. From advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to AI-powered co-pilots, SDVs are shifting the focus from hardware to dynamic, user-centric, service models that offer continuous software updates and upgrades. Software Defined Vehicles also delves into the broader societal and consumer shifts driving this change. Readers will gain insight into how new generations view transportation, how business models like Mobility as a Service (MaaS) are evolving, and why sustainability and flexibility now take precedence over traditional car ownership. Whether you're a technology professional, automotive

Sustainable and Affordable Mobility for All: Putting the Heart Back into Technology

R-58608/14/2025

Sustainable and Affordable Mobility for All offers a bold, yet practical vision for the future of transportation. Drawing from deep technical expertise and global experience, Chris Borroni-Bird presents a transformative approach to the automotive industry, tackling critical issues like economic development, environmental sustainability, and universal access. This groundbreaking book explores how advanced technologies such as electric, autonomous, and connected vehicles can revolutionize not only personal mobility but also urban transport and public systems. It calls for a shift toward "right-sized" vehicles, designed to meet real-world needs without over-engineering. Borroni-Bird’s solutions are scalable and adaptable to both developed and developing markets, ensuring affordable and sustainable mobility for all. With insights from 30 years of rapid innovation, including ridesharing platforms and robotaxis, this book blends technology, human factors, and sustainability to inspire a

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume I

B-993_VOLUME108/13/2025

The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2025 supersedes MMPDS-24 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume II

B-993_VOLUME208/13/2025

Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2025 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2025 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.

Careers in Aerospace: A Student’s Guide to the Sky and Beyond

R-56807/24/2025

Have you ever looked up and wondered how humans conquered the skies—and what lies beyond? This book requires no prior knowledge of math—just curiosity and a passion for discovery. From the Wright brothers’ 12-second flight in 1903 to spacecraft that reach the edge of our solar system, aerospace engineering has propelled us to new frontiers. It is the foundation of modern flight, blending physics, chemistry, biopharmaceuticals, mechanics, electronics, and communications to push the limits of speed, altitude, and exploration. In just over a century, we have progressed from envying birds to flying over three times the speed of sound, launching space shuttles, and venturing into the cosmos. The urge to explore is unstoppable, and the future promises even greater achievements. Whether you’re a curious spectator or an aspiring professional, this book offers an engaging introduction to the principles behind aviation and space travel. Understanding the fundamentals will deepen your

Recently Published

Browse All

Dynamic Graph Convolutional Recurrent Networks Based on Progressive Learning

2025-99-0441

12/10/2025

Traffic flow prediction is the core challenge of transportation, and its key lies in effectively capturing the spatio-temporal dynamic dependencies. Aiming at the deficiencies of existing methods in modeling global temporal relations and dynamic spatial heterogeneity, this paper proposes a dynamic graph convolutional recurrent network (DGCRN) based on interactive progressive learning. First, the interactive progressive learning module (IPL) is designed to segment the input sequences through a tree structure, synchronize the extraction of spatiotemporal features using the interactive learning of parity subsequences, and adaptively capture the dynamic associations among nodes by combining with the dynamic graph convolutional recursive module (DGCRM). Secondly, a spatio-temporal embedding generator (STEG) is constructed to fuse temporal and spatial embedding to generate dynamic graph structures. Experiments validate the effectiveness of DGCRN on the PEMS04 and PEMS08 datasets with MAE

Su, Jiangfeng, Xie, Zilong, Liu, Chunya, He, Lan, Kou, Yujiao, Xue, Xue

Research on Dual Aircraft Cooperative Time Difference Control Algorithm Based on Electronic Flight Bag

2025-99-0435

12/10/2025

This paper proposes a distributed collaborative time difference control algorithm based on speed regulation and distance compensation, which addresses the challenge of achieving the target operation point within a preset time difference range for coordinated flight of two aircraft in general aviation. After in-depth research and analysis, this algorithm is developed. This algorithm prioritizes the use of variable gain speed adjustment, allowing for flexible adjustment within a range of ±15% indicated airspeed (IAS). When the speed adjustment reaches the extreme value but still cannot meet the coordination requirements, the leading aircraft triggers the adaptive waiting program and enters the waiting area to execute the waiting flight action, in order to achieve the effect of distance compensation and ensure that the time difference between the leading and trailing aircraft is always maintained within the preset range. At the same time, research is being conducted on distributed control

Zheng, Lei, Yang, Youzhi, Deng, Shengji, Su, Zhuolin, Ji, Jiangtao, Xiong, Maojie, Zhao, Peizhe

Metro Security Inspection Method Based on Spatial Feature Transformation Network

2025-99-0446

12/10/2025

In order to ensure the safety of urban rail transit, X-ray baggage inspection systems have been widely used. However, at the current, baggage inspection mainly relies on manual judgment, which has the problems of high labor cost, low efficiency and lack of objectivity. This paper aims to realize intelligent and automated baggage inspection and studies and designs a dangerous goods detection method based on spatial feature transformation network. This method adopts target detection technology based on Anchor mechanism, and transforms high-level semantic features spatially spatial transformation network layer. The feature pyramid fusion approach is employed to integrate the transformed high-level semantic features with the low-level detailed features, resulting in the generation of multi-scale features that are rich in semantic information. This innovative method enables accurate prediction of the categories and precise localization of various hazardous items within X-ray images, thereby

Zhang, Zhiming, Yang, Xiangfei, Li, Dongxue, Sun, Bingmei, Wang, Qingqing

Train Wheel Tread Defects Detection Algorithm Based on SEN-YOLO

2025-99-0458

12/10/2025

Railway is a key component driving innovation and sustainability in transportation systems. Aiming at solving the problems of metal reflection, oil contamination and complex background interference in railway wheel tread defect detection, this paper will focus on the railway wheel tread defect detection method, SEN-YOLO, based on the YOLOv5s and the comparison between different generations of YOLO detection. To better adapt the model to actual detection scenarios, multi-stage dynamic data augmentation strategy combining illumination robustness optimization and motion blur simulation is designed to construct a railway wheel dataset that closely mirrors real-world conditions. In terms of model architecture, the YOLOv5s-based approach integrates the Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SENets) module to enhance the capture of minor defect features and employs an adaptive feature fusion strategy to mitigate background noise. To further improve detection accuracy and generalization, the YOLOv5s

You, Lijie, Mo, Yayelin, Tu, Jingjie, Zhou, Hang

An Enhanced YOLOv11 Model for Small Object Detection in UAV Aerial Images

2025-99-0449

12/10/2025

Identifying objects within images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles poses specific difficulties due to the aerial viewpoint, limited resolution, significant scale variation, and densely distributed targets. These issues hinder accurate identification, particularly of small objects. To mitigate these problems, we developed MSDFYOLO, a innovative architecture built upon YOLOv11, which integrates several structural and functional enhancements tailored for UAV-based imagery. Specifically, we develop the C3K2-GGCA module, an attention-based mechanism embedded in the backbone to better capture spatial dependencies and improve feature extraction. In addition, a lightweight attention strategy is employed to reduce complexity. We further introduce a small-object detection enhancement layer, an improved C2PSA module with deeper fusion between semantic and spatial features, and a multi-scale feature concatenation mechanism to strengthen information integration. To improve training stability and

Zhou, Xingzhong, Liu, Qian, Huang, Hanming

UAV Station Deployment for Emergency Traffic Incident Management: A Pareto Frontier-Based Approach

2025-99-0450

12/10/2025

This study examines the issue of frequent traffic accidents leading to congestion and subsequent accidents. Timely investigation and management of these incidents is essential for effectively addressing this problem. This study aims to utilize Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology to improve the efficiency of assessing and investigating traffic accidents. We propose a bi-objective spatial optimization model based on identifying high-risk accident locations. This model combines coverage and median objectives within a service area, taking into account coverage requirements and optimizing site distribution. We also propose a constraint-based process to generate a Pareto frontier to help identify various alternative UAV station location scenarios. The model was validated using real traffic accident data from Nanning City, resulting in a UAV station configuration solution that reduces accident response time and improves assessment efficiency by considering multi-objective trade-offs

Li, Qiuling, Wan, Qian, Liu, Qianqian, Sun, Ke

Research on EBOM Scheme for Aviation Mechanical and Electrical Products

2025-99-0401

12/10/2025

With the continuous improvement of information technology in aerospace manufacturing enterprises, the need for the integration and connection of various links in the product development process is becoming increasingly urgent. This article mainly introduces the research on BOM product structure, BOM effectiveness management, and product dataset management solutions for electromechanical products, and elaborates on the key technical content involved in detail, providing a basic capability framework for the comprehensive implementation of XBOM construction in the future.

Zhang, Dong, Zhou, Wenzao, Zhou, Huachuang

A Study of Electro-Hydraulic Brake of Electric Automobiles and Intelligent Connected Vehicles

2025-99-0402

12/10/2025

The traditional hydraulic braking system with vacuum booster technology is very mature, but it is not suitable for use in electric vehicles due to the lack of a vacuum source. The brake system by wire is an innovative electronic controlled braking technology, and the Electro-Hydraulic Brake is currently the most widely used brake system by wire in electric vehicles. The classification, structure, working principle, and advantages of Electro-Hydraulic Brake as a braking system for electric automobiles and intelligent connected vehicles are studied. The structure, working principle, advantages and disadvantages of Pump-Electro - Hydraulic Brake and Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Brake are compared and analyzed.

Song, Jiantong, Zhu, Chunhong, Ren, Xiaolong

Research on Thermal Runaway Triggering Methods for Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery in Civil Aircraft

2025-99-0405

12/10/2025

In aviation industry, compared to traditional batteries (lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries), non-rechargeable lithium batteries are usually the primary choice as independent backup power sources for emergency equipment (such as Emergency Locator Transmitter and Underwater Locator Beacon) due to excellent performance, weight/volume advantages and relatively long inspection/maintenance intervals. However, considering higher energy density and more active chemical characteristics, lithium batteries unique failure modes require special consideration in safety analysis. Among these failure modes, thermal runaway is one of the most severe failure modes of non-rechargeable lithium batteries, potentially leading to serious impact such as flame, explosion, and release of toxic and harmful gases/liquid. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the containment of thermal runaway of non-rechargeable lithium batteries through equipment-level testing, and do aircraft-level safety analysis to

Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zheng, Jian, Yang, Dianliang, Sheng, Jiaqian

Construction of an Intelligent Decision-Making System for Pavement Maintenance of Gansu Highway Based on DeepSeek

2025-99-0456

12/10/2025

Pavement maintenance decision-making is the key to determining the maintenance program and ensuring the maintenance effect. Still, the existing pavement maintenance decision-making methods have problems, such as incomplete and inaccurate data. Based on this, this study develops an intelligent decision-making system for pavement maintenance on highways in Gansu Province by combining DeepSeek artificial intelligence technology with dynamic capability theory. The proposed framework integrates multi-source data fusion, predictive analytics, and organizational collaboration mechanisms to address the systematic challenges of resource allocation and decentralized decision-making. A spatio-temporal graph convolutional network enables accurate pavement performance modelling, while a redesigned decision-making process enhances cross-departmental coordination through game-theoretic optimization and blockchain-based traceability. The results show significant improvements in operational efficiency

Xie, Zilong, Liu, Chunya, Huang, Tao, Kou, Yujiao, Xie, Binglei, Xue, Xue

A Study on Container Transportation Forecast of Jinzhou Port Based on Improved Logistic Model

2025-99-0460

12/10/2025

To promote the development of bulk grain and container transportation at Jinzhou Port while enhancing port efficiency, this study investigates how to further improve the bulk grain container transportation method to increase market competitiveness. The aim is to propose new strategic ideas for expanding market presence and strengthening competitive capabilities. The paper presents the strategic objectives for the development of bulk grain container transportation at Jinzhou Port and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the internal and external environments of this transportation mode. This analysis facilitates the formulation of a detailed development plan and layout for current operations. Furthermore, the study proposes the necessary strategic positioning for the advancement of bulk grain container transportation, employing a logistic regression forecasting method to predict the annual throughput of bulk grain container operations at Jinzhou Port. Based on the forecasting results

Qi, Yin

Analysis of the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Propeller by an Annular Free-Rotating Impeller

2025-99-0451

12/10/2025

Hydrodynamic energy-saving devices are widely used in ship energy-saving technologies. To enhance the hydrodynamic performance of propellers, a novel annular free-rotating rotor was designed and installed aft of the KP505 propeller. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to evaluate its performance. Additionally, the hydrodynamic performance of single propellers and propellers with added appendages was compared and predicted under different advance coefficients, and the energy-saving effects were assessed. Results show that the propeller with the added appendage achieves a maximum improvement in propulsion efficiency of 6.59% at the design advance coefficient. This confirms that the annular free-rotating rotor has potential for enhancing propeller hydrodynamic performance.

Huang, Tangyi, Li, Dongqin, Wang, Yu, Lv, Gui

Risk Assessment and Identification of Freight Vehicle Trip Chains

2025-99-0421

12/10/2025

Although the number of trucks is low, their accident rate is high, and the consequences of accidents are severe. This paper is based on GPS data from 100 trucks, with each trip chain defined by a vehicle’s stay time greater than 20 minutes. The kinematic parameters for each trip chain are then extracted, and the entropy weight method is used to calculate the weights of various parameters. A random forest model is applied to select 11 key indicators, including speed and acceleration. The entropy weight-TOPSIS algorithm is used to assess the risk of each trip chain for the trucks. Different combinations of continuous and discontinuous trip chain scenarios are constructed. Finally, support vector machines (SVM) and decision tree methods are used for risk prediction under different trip chain combinations. The results show that the 11 selected key indicators provide an accuracy of 95.74% for describing the sample. In general, the SVM model shows better prediction accuracy than the decision

Huang, Yunhe, Xiong, Zhihua, Li, Jiayu

Research on VOCs Composition Emissions in the Oil Transport Link Based on Multi-source Detection Data

2025-99-0422

12/10/2025

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) generated in the oil transportation process are important precursors for secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and photochemical smog. These emissions have become one of the key environmental constraints in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan. Due to the diversity of oil products, VOC composition varies significantly among different types of oil, such as crude oil and refined oil, making it a critical consideration in the development of pollution control policies and treatment processes for the transportation sector. This study employs gas chromatography with a hydrogen flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry to analyze VOCs emitted from 31 types of crude oil and refined oil samples under simulated transportation and storage conditions. By utilizing multi-source detection and mass spectrometry overlay, along with area normalization spectral analysis, we provide a more accurate breakdown of VOC components from crude oil, asphalt mixtures, gasoline, diesel

Qiu, Chunxia, Xiao, Han, Zheng, Yongren, He, Zhengbang

The Simulation Study of Support Schemes for Transition Zones in Double-Fault Tunnels

2025-99-0443

12/10/2025

When a tunnel passes through the transition zone between two faults, different support schemes have varying impacts on the deformation of the surrounding rock. This study, based on the Zhangzhuang Tunnel's double-fault area, establishes a numerical simulation model using Midas GTS NX to compare and analyze the effects of an enhanced support scheme versus a standard reinforcement scheme. The results indicate that when the non-reinforced support scheme is applied throughout the tunnel, the settlement of the transition zone's crown is 5.7 mm, only 0.27 mm greater than that of the reinforced scheme. Additionally, the variation in support stress in the transition zone between the two schemes is minimal. This demonstrates the feasibility of adopting the non-reinforced scheme, which reduces the number of steel arch frames, enhances construction efficiency, and provides a reference for future construction of small-section tunnels in double-fault conditions.

Wu, Jianmin, Niu, Shuo, Zhang, Te, Meng, Xianghua

Investigation of Roll Motion Behavior in a Multi-Functional High-Speed Trimaran Unmanned Vessel

2025-99-0439

12/10/2025

This study focuses on the multifunctional three-body high-speed unmanned boat model, and experimentally measures the roll attenuation characteristics under different draft conditions. It focuses on the influence of the initial roll angle on roll attenuation, and analyzes the change pattern of roll angle over time. Experimental results show that the model shows obvious self-oscillation period and amplitude attenuation. Based on the system identification theory and combined with improved genetic algorithms, a mathematical model used to simulate the roll attenuation motion of the boat model was constructed. The difference between experimental data and fitted values was further evaluated using identification software and verified with data at specific roll angles. In addition, the study also deeply analyzed the change trend of the roll moment coefficient with the initial roll angle. By comparing the experimental results of the three-mall boat and the catamaran, it was found that the three

Zhang, Di, Tong, Wei, Yu, Qingzhu, Liu, Bofei

Resilience Evaluation Method for Rail Transit Networks Considering Dynamic Passenger Flows

2025-99-0438

12/10/2025

This study proposes an urban rail transit network resilience assessment method based on dynamic passenger flow, which quantifies the overall system performance from the structural and functional dimensions. At the structural level, the relative size of the largest pass subgraph is introduced to measure the network integrity, and the average node degree is used to evaluate the network connectivity; At the functional level, the passenger travel efficiency ratio is used to measure the operation efficiency of the supply side, and the proportion of unaffected passengers is used to evaluate the service support capability of the demand side. The weight of each index is determined by entropy weight method, and then the comprehensive performance evaluation model of rail transit system is constructed. Taking Nanjing Metro as an example, the empirical study shows that the performance change trend reflected by the introduction of dynamic passenger flow is significantly different from the

Wang, Junhang, Shao, Jiayu, Yang, Haofan, Zhang, Ning

Collaborative Pushback and Taxiing Coordination Departure Control Method for Multi-Runway Airports

2025-99-0436

12/10/2025

In order to improve the operational efficiency of a multi-runway airport, an aircraft pushback and taxiing cooperative departure operation control method is proposed. First, a Markov decision process (MDP) model for dynamic pushback control is established based on the two-runway model. Then, the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm, and the DPC-GSAA algorithm solution model is proposed to find the conflict-free path with the least fuel consumption for the aircraft and runway selection. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by simulation experiments in Beijing International Airport, and the results show that the method can significantly reduce the taxiing waiting time of aircraft and improve the overall operational efficiency of the airport.

Luo, Weizhen, Lian, Guan, Wu, Yingzi, Li, Wenyong, Huang, Haifeng

Research on Control Strategy for Heterogeneous Traffic at Signalized Intersections

2025-99-0453

12/10/2025

In order to reduce conflicts between vehicles at intersections and improve safety, an optimization model of traffic sequence allocation is studied and established for the heterogeneous traffic scenario of connected autonomous vehicles and manual vehicles. With the minimum safe traffic time as constraint, the right of way is allocated to vehicles according to the microscopic traffic characteristics of heterogeneous traffic flow fleet movement and the phase of signal lights, and the optimal trajectory planning control of each vehicle and evaluation indicators are established. A jointly simulation running environment is built using VISSIM and MATLAB. The simulation results indicate that at the micro level, collaborative control slows down the waiting time for manually driven vehicles and improves the utilization of green light travel time. At the macro level, as the penetration rate of connected autonomous vehicles increases, the sum of squares of vehicle acceleration gradually decreases

Yuan, Shoutong, Li, Zhiqiang, Liu, Tianyu, Yu, Zhengyang

Research on Vibration Tension Control of High-Speed Tracked Vehicle Systems

2025-99-0424

12/10/2025

Addressing the vibration issues during the operation of high-speed tracked vehicles, a dynamic tension control method based on an electro-hydraulic servo system is investigated, along with a comparative study of two tension control strategies. Based on the force analysis of the idler wheel and curved arm, a theoretical model for tension near the idler wheel is established. The accuracy of this theoretical numerical model is verified by comparing it with the results of multibody system dynamics simulations conducted in RecurDyn. A co-simulation platform for electro-hydraulic servo control is built using the software interfaces of RecurDyn, Simulink, and AMESim to tune the PID control parameters and achieve dynamic tension control of the track. Simulation results indicate that the root mean square value of the track plate displacement is reduced by 18% when using the PID control strategy, and by 33.3% when employing the fuzzy PID control strategy. Furthermore, the track tension

Huang, Zhangxian, Deng, Jiahui

Eco-Driving Longitudinal Control Strategy Based on Preceding Vehicle Acceleration Prediction

2025-99-0445

12/10/2025

Automatic driving technology can achieve precise control of the vehicle. Compared with manual driving, it can greatly avoid bad driving behaviors such as rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, and idle driving, more stable, efficient and safer control of vehicles, thus reducing energy consumption and pollution emissions, has great potential for eco-driving. Previous research on eco-driving car-following strategy is usually based on the current vehicle state. However, the real driving scene is extremely complex and changeable, which makes the existing research easy to fall into the dilemma of local optimal solution when dealing with complex long-term planning tasks, and it is difficult to gain comprehensive insight into the path of global optimal solution. According to the literature, bad driving behaviors such as rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration have a great impact on the energy consumption and emissions of vehicles, in order to realize eco-driving, planning control method

Luo, Shije, Zhao, Qi

TRL-Trans: Adaptive Graph Learning with Temporal Representation for Traffic Flow Prediction

2025-99-0429

12/10/2025

Traffic flow forecasting plays a pivotal role within intelligent transportation frameworks. Although existing methods combine graph neural networks and temporal models, there are still problems, such as static graph structure being challenging to characterize the dynamic associations between traffic nodes, insufficient ability to model long temporal dependencies, and low efficiency of fusion of complex spatio-temporal features, etc. Based on this, we propose a Transformer-based Temporal Representation Learning traffic flow prediction model (TRL-Trans). The proposed model employs Temporal Representation Learning (TRL) to derive contextual insights from heavily masked subsequences. It incorporates a Gated Temporal Convolutional Network (Gated TCN) coupled with an Adaptive Hybrid Graph Convolution Module (AHGCM) to effectively capture dynamic spatio-temporal characteristics. The AHGCM dynamically merges predefined adjacency matrices with implicit spatio-temporal relationships

Zhou, Jianping, Lu, Zongjiang, Wang, Zhongyuan, He, Jin, Liu, Chunya

The Application Research of Cantilever Roadheader in Soft Rock Tunnels of the Qinling Mountains

2025-99-0444

12/10/2025

To address the challenges of high support deformation risk in soft rock tunnels of the Qinling Mountains and slow construction speeds in small-section tunnels due to spatial constraints, this study leverages the engineering geological characteristics of the region. These include predominantly mudstone and sandstone, well-developed joints and fissures, and moderately strong surrounding rock. Based on the Lianhua Mountain Tunnel project, the use of a cantilever roadheader in small-section tunnels with soft rock geology was introduced. Through in-depth research on adaptability and design parameters, it was demonstrated that the cantilever roadheader exhibits good adaptability in the soft rock regions of the Qinling Mountains and has significant potential for broader application. The application research results show that the cantilever roadheader causes minimal disturbance to the surrounding rock, resulting in smaller deformation. It also demonstrates a notable progress advantage in

Wu, Jianmin, Hu, Ruoqi, Zhang, Te, Meng, Xianghua

Aircraft Cross Taxiing Conflict Prediction and Avoidance Methods

2025-99-0423

12/10/2025

With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, the increasing number of flights has made ensuring the safety and efficiency of airport surface movements a pressing issue. This study establishes a mathematical model to predict the collision risk of aircraft in the intersection area in real time, and proposes appropriate intervention zones for avoidance, implementing a deceleration avoidance strategy. The model is validated using historical operational data from Beijing Capital International Airport, and the results indicate that the proposed model effectively reduces the collision probability to below 0.3. It demonstrates strong performance in predicting cross-path conflicts and reducing conflict risks. Additionally, the deceleration avoidance strategy further lowers the collision probability, improving both the safety and efficiency of airport surface operations. This research offers valuable insights for enhancing the operational efficiency and proactive safety levels of

Zhang, Ting, Lian, Guan, Zhang, Guoxin, Zhao, Yeqi

Vehicle Abnormal Detection Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion and Graph Neural Networks

2025-99-0430

12/10/2025

Traffic abnormal detection is crucial in intelligent transportation systems, while the heterogeneity and weak spatio-temporal correlation of multi-source data make it difficult for traditional methods to effectively fuse and utilize multimodal information. Most of the existing studies use data-level or decision-level fusion, which fails to fully exploit the feature complementarity of multi-source data, resulting in limited detection accuracy. To this end, we propose a multi-source data fusion anomaly detection method based on graph autoencoder (GAE) and diffusion graph neural network (DiffGNN). First, a unified data preprocessing and fusion strategy is designed to perform feature-level fusion of data from on-board sensors, infrastructures, and external environments to eliminate inconsistencies in data format, temporal alignment, and spatial distribution. Then, GAE is employed for potential graph structure feature extraction to enhance the global representation of the data on the basis

Wang, Yaguang, Xiao, Yujie, Ma, Ying

Your Destination for Mobility Engineering Resources

214,525 Publications

50,002 Standards

132,324 Peer Reviewed

Announcements for SAE Mobilus

Quick Browse

Industries

Content by Type

Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

Latest Journal Issues

Recent Books

Recently Published