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Announcements for SAE Mobilus

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Vertical Flight Society Technical Papers - Coming Soon to Mobilus
Vertical Flight Society papers coming soon to SAE Mobilus. In partnership with the Vertical Flight Society (VFS), SAE Mobilus will be hosting more than 17,000 technical papers and proceedings from VFS. Click here to see a sample of the content covering decades of rotorcraft and vertical flight technologies.
Important Update – Accessibility Enhancements on SAE Mobilus
We’re pleased to share that SAE Mobilus has recently completed a comprehensive set of accessibility improvements across the platform. As a result, Mobilus is now aligned with WCAG 2.2 Level AA standards in most key categories. These updates are part of our ongoing commitment to ensuring the platform is accessible to all users. Enhancements include improvements to keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, visual contrast, error handling, and overall usability across core areas of the site. An updated Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT v2.5 – March 2026) is now available, providing a detailed overview of our accessibility conformance. You can access the VPAT directly within the Help section. Accessibility is a continuous effort. We will continue to evaluate and improve the platform to better support all users and meet evolving standards. If you have any feedback or experience any accessibility issues, we welcome your input. - The SAE Mobilus Team
SAE AI Chat — Update and What's Next
* Important Update - SAE AI chatbot Beta program * The SAE AI Chatbot Beta program - Phase 1 will end on March 31, 2026. Following this date, the AI chatbot capabilities will be temporarily unavailable as we begin development of a significantly enhanced version. We sincerely thank all Phase 1 Beta participants for their engagement and valuable feedback - your insights have played an important role in shaping the next phase of this experience. The upcoming version of the SAE AI Chatbot will expand content coverage beyond current standards, incorporating additional critical resources from our digital library. It will also be made available to a broader audience across Mobilus. Want to be part of what's next? Register your interest here to receive updates and be considered for early access. For additional information, visit the FAQs. — The Mobilus Team
SAE International Digitization and AI Policy
SAE International prohibits the entry of SAE Content into any form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, OpenAI, or Microsoft Copilot. Additionally, creating derivatives of SAE Content using AI is also prohibited without express written permission from SAE International. In the case of such use, SAE International will suspend access to SAE Content, and further legal action will be considered.
Welcome to the new SAE Mobilus®
  Welcome to the new era of SAE Mobilus®, redesigned with a modern, intuitive web interface featuring enhanced search capabilities to help you stay informed and easily discover content. Login today: To access content within your subscription and make the most of the platform, please log into your subscription and your personal My Library (sign up is free) located in the top right corner of the screen.   Key Features Intuitive User Interface: We've listened to our customers and tied this to the best practices in the industry to offer an improved, intuitive, and desirable website experience for our users.​ Improved In-app Discoverability: Enhanced search and expanded menu featuring search suggestions that allow for quick discovery of content.​ Announcements: Stay up to date on new features through a dedicated announcements page. Most recent announcements also get featured on the homepage.​ Enhanced Browse capabilities: Browse through over 200,000 publications that are now classified into categories commonly used across the industry. Deep-dive further into any topic or sub-topic of interest to make the most for your corporate projects or research.​ Smart Automation: "Meta Tags" on each result will help you find content related to your search.​ My Library: My dashboard is rebranded as My Library with powerful features to help you make the most out of the platform Mobile Friendly: Upgraded navigation on mobile devices​ Training Available SAE’s Customer Success team is dedicated to delivering the best platform experience possible. Through monthly trainings and short, on-demand video tutorials, find answers to your questions here: SAE Mobilus Spotlight training - Available monthly, hosted live by SAE’s Customer Success team Mobilus Minute – 2-minute videos, available on-demand   Need some troubleshooting help? Access our FAQs by visiting our Help section: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/home Resources to help you navigate the new platform are available here, where you can find links to quick start guides and video tutorials on features like My Library, Announcements, Saved Search, Login and new features. Have feedback that you'd like to share with us? Please submit your feedback to the Mobilus team through the blue Knowledge bot in the bottom right hand corner of the new platform.

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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster ResponseEPR202501711/24/2025
The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the advanced air mobility and drone industry further enable the development of modern, safe, and practical WIG platforms. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Next-gen AI for Aerospace EngineeringEPR20250169/22/2025
Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and mitigation of algorithmic biases. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen VehiclesEPR20250159/22/2025
The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and actionable solutions to help stakeholders better navigate the transition toward a circular future for mobility. It further highlights the overlooked complexities in the Global South, emphasizing the importance of ethical market expansion and localized mobility strategies. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation FeaturesEPR20250138/13/2025
Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and suggestions for future research will also be discussed. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural RobotsEPR20250128/13/2025
The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable track, as well as the economics of moving capital intensive automation systems toward a service-provision business model. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous VehiclesEPR20250147/18/2025
Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles presents a hybrid framework that combines data-driven insights with the robustness of physical models. It identifies key challenges in fusing these disparate methods and outlines potential solutions in developing robust fusion strategies, establishing generalized mixed dynamics models, and designing multi-objective robust control systems. In addition, the report explores future research directions to enhance learning efficiency, improve adaptability to rare but critical scenarios, and ultimately pave the way for secure, efficient, and human-like autonomous driving systems. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial IntelligenceEPR20250115/21/2025
Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even redefined what it means to be a "product." Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated MobilityEPR20250095/20/2025
With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is instrumental in processing such data, and in that context, “edge AI” is a more recent type of implementation. Edge AI involves AI algorithms in edge computing devices, which requires hardware operating close to where data is generated. This report explores the potential of edge AI in CCAM. Different perspectives on edge AI for CCAM are explored and definitions drafted. Primary applications are explored, and an outlook on further advancements in applications is presented. The report includes a discussion on the benefits, risks, and challenges related to the use of edge AI in this domain. Major issues such as privacy and cybersecurity are considered, as are misconceptions. Furthermore, potential learning benefits, using experiences gained in other sectors, are introduced. NOTE: SAE Edge Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic ManagementEPR20250085/20/2025
The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and educational programs in leveraging AI for transportation applications are emphasized in this report. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on EarthEPR20250054/24/2025
Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

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Passenger Vehicle Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems
Electrified Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
SAE International Journal of Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
Connected and Automated Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
Transportation Safety
SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety
Alternative Powertrains
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
Commercial Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles
Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems
Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
Materials and Manufacturing
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
Engines
SAE International Journal of Engines
Fuels and Lubricants
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants

Recent Books

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July 2026 AMS IndexAMSJULY-20267/22/2026
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IB-994_VOLUME17/1/2026
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2026 supersedes MMPDS-25 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used. Volume II: Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies.
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IIB-994_VOLUME27/1/2026
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2026 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2026 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
1D and MultiD Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation Second EditionR-5805/29/2026
The internal combustion (IC) engine remains the most widely used thermal machine in the world and will continue to play a central role in global mobility for decades to come. Even as alternative powertrains expand, optimized IC engines—often integrated within hybrid and electrified architectures—are essential to achieving low fuel consumption, near-zero pollutant emissions, and reduced carbon dioxide output. Advances in combustion strategies, synthetic fuels, turbocharging, and aftertreatment systems are driving this evolution. This fully revised and expanded second edition reflects the rapid progress made in engine modeling and simulation over the past two decades. One-dimensional (1D), three-dimensional (3D), and coupled 1D–3D modeling techniques have become indispensable tools in modern engine design, enabling engineers to evaluate performance, efficiency, and emissions through advanced virtual engine environments. Bringing together contributions from leading international researchers and industry experts, this book presents the most significant and recent developments in IC engine simulation. Topics include 0D, 1D, quasi-3D, and full 3D modeling approaches; turbocharging and aftertreatment systems; co-simulation and real-time applications; hydrogen and two-stroke engines; and advanced thermal modeling techniques. Designed for engineers, researchers, and graduate students, this second edition serves as a comprehensive reference for understanding, comparing, and applying state-of-the-art IC engine modeling methodologies in an evolving mobility landscape. Chapter topics include: • state of the art of 1D thermo-fluid dynamic simulation models • virtual engine development: 1D- and 3D-CFD up to full engine simulation • advanced 0D and quasiD thermodynamic combustion models for SI and CI engines • compressor and turbine (turbocharger, supercharger, or turbocompounding device) as boundary conditions for 1D simulations • 3D-CFD combustion models for SI and CI engines • model order reduction for real-time simulation and control applications • modeling of EGR systems •1D engine model in XiL application-a simulation environment for the entire powertrain development process • coupling of 1D and 3D fluid dynamic models for hybrid simulations • extending the 1D approach to the simulation of 3D components: the quasi-3D approach • 1D simulation models for aftertreatment components• 3D simulation models for after-treatment systems • modeling of IC engine silencers and tailpipe noise: 1D and 3D approaches • hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines • optimization of the gas exchange process in advanced 2-stroke engines • IC engine 0D/1D thermal modeling
Variable Compression Systems for Future Engines and FuelsR-5534/30/2026
Variable Compression Engines: Enabling Net Zero explores variable compression ratio (VCR): one of the most promising—and historically elusive—advancements in internal combustion engine (ICE) technology. Long recognized for its thermodynamic benefits, VCR has challenged engineers for decades due to its mechanical complexity. Today, as the global mobility landscape demands ever higher efficiency, lower emissions, and greater fuel flexibility, VCR has emerged as a viable and transformative solution. This book delivers a comprehensive and authoritative examination of VCR technology, quantifying its efficiency and CO2-reduction potential while surveying the wide range of mechanisms conceived, developed, and tested over more than a century of engine innovation. By combining historical insight with modern analysis, the authors reveal the remarkable ingenuity of past and present engine designers—and demonstrate that VCR is not only feasible, but increasingly essential. Positioned squarely within the context of global decarbonization, the book argues for a realistic, inclusive pathway to net-zero emissions—one in which ICEs continue to play a critical role. VCR technology enables higher efficiency across almost all operating conditions, supports advanced combustion strategies, and allows engines to operate effectively on a broad spectrum of low- and zero-carbon fuels, from biofuels to synthetic e-fuels. With VCR now in high-volume production and poised for broader adoption across automotive, heavy-duty, and marine applications, this timely volume is an essential resource for OEMs, suppliers, policymakers, researchers, and students seeking practical, scalable solutions for a sustainable energy future. Chapter topics include: • compression ratios and fuels • compression ratio limits • cylinder head VCR • cylinder block VCR • connecting rod variable compression • piston VCR • cranktrain and linkages VCR • modulated crankshaft eccentricity VCR • axial or barrel engine VCRs • high power and downsized engines • impact of VCR systems on engines • VCR applications for the future • variable compression for future engines and fuels • VCR cost–benefit analysis
Aerospace Standards Index - 2026ASIN20262/25/2026
This valuable resource lists all Aerospace Standards (AS), Aerospace Recommended Practices (ARP), Aerospace Information Reports (AIR), and Aerospace Resource Documents (ARD) published by SAE. Each listing includes title, subject, document number, key words, new and revised documents, and DODISS-adopted documents. AMS Index - Now Available!
Business Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering, Volume 4R-5522/17/2026
In a world where every business process is under pressure to perform faster, safer, and more reliably, this book delivers a powerful roadmap for sustained operational excellence. Centered on the proven methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE), it shows how organizations can move beyond reactive problem-solving to systematic reliability growth. From well-defined standard operating practices to management-level decision-making, the book connects strategy, data, and execution to create repeatable, measurable results across the enterprise. Readers are guided through practical, real-world applications of DOE, from selecting the right factors and levels to executing robust experiments, analyzing outcomes, validating solutions, and continuously monitoring performance. Each chapter translates complex statistical and engineering concepts into actionable business value, helping teams improve quality, reduce waste, and increase return on investment. Key capabilities explored in this book include: • Holistic reliability across design, manufacturing, supply chain, and marketing. • Advanced experimental designs, including split-plot and fractional factorial methods. • Fault tree analysis (FTA) and FMEA for failure prediction and prevention. • Supply chain optimization through multivariate process control. • Production and field reliability using design for testability and diagnostics. • Electric vehicle system and battery reliability analysis. • Marketing reliability driven by voice of customer and data-based value analysis. This book is an essential resource for engineers, operations leaders, and technical managers who want to build resilient systems, unlock innovation, and achieve long-term competitive advantage through disciplined, data-driven reliability.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation FuelsR-5471/22/2026
As global energy demands rise and environmental challenges intensify, the aviation industry faces a critical need to redefine how it powers the skies. Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels presents a comprehensive, research-driven exploration of the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable alternatives that promise to reshape the future of air transportation. This book bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial application, offering a detailed overview of the science, technology, and policy driving the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). From understanding feedstocks and conversion pathways to evaluating production technologies, emissions performance, and life-cycle impacts, the text equips readers with a holistic understanding of SAFs within today’s global energy landscape. Across five insightful chapters, readers will find a clear roadmap: the evolution and importance of SAFs; production methods and technological foundations; environmental performance and emissions reduction potential; safety, certification, and market integration; and future projections supported by international initiatives and regulatory frameworks. By combining technical depth with practical relevance, Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels serves as both a foundational reference and a forward-looking guide for researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and students. It underscores that achieving sustainability in aviation depends not only on innovation but also on global collaboration, paving the way toward cleaner skies and a resilient, low-carbon future for air travel.
SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected VehiclesR-5591/20/2026
The convergence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies is ushering in a transformative era of automotive innovation—one that is fundamentally enhancing vehicle safety, efficiency, reliability, and the overall driving experience. SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles stands as the definitive reference for this rapidly evolving domain, meticulously compiled to clarify and standardize the language shaping modern mobility. Inside, readers will find clear, authoritative definitions encompassing the full spectrum of technologies that enable connected and automated driving—including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This comprehensive resource translates complex engineering terminology into accessible language, enabling engineers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and enthusiasts to share a common technical foundation. Reflecting the latest global standards, research, and innovations, this dictionary bridges the gap between theory and application. It fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, supports safer system design, and provides clarity for those engaged in regulatory development or technology deployment. As the pace of mobility innovation accelerates, precise and accessible communication becomes indispensable. SAE International remains committed to advancing global transportation knowledge—empowering professionals to navigate, contribute to, and shape the future of intelligent, connected, and sustainable mobility with confidence and clarity.
Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 4EPRCOMPV01202512/29/2025

Recently Published

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Gaining Approval for Seats with Integrated Electronics in Accordance with AC 21-49 Section 7.bARP6448C (Current)8/10/2026
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a framework for establishing methods and stakeholder responsibilities to ensure that seats with integrated electronic components (e.g., actuation system, reading light, inflatable restraint, in-flight entertainment equipment, etc.) meet the seat technical standard order (TSO) minimum performance standards (MPS). These agreements will allow seat suppliers to build and ship TSO-approved seats with integrated electronic components. The document presents the roles and accountabilities of the electronics manufacturer (EM), the seat supplier, and the TC/ATC/STC applicant/holder in the context of AC 21-49, Section 7.b (“Type Certification Using TSO-Approved Seat with Electronic Components Defined in TSO Design”). This document applies to all FAA seat TSOs C39( ), C127( ), etc. The document defines the roles and responsibilities of each party involved in the procurement of electronics, their integration on a TSO-approved seat, and the seat’s installation on an aircraft. Requirements for design and quality control and the methods for communicating design and change data between EMs and seat suppliers are defined such that standardization is possible across the industry to ensure continued airworthiness of TSO-approved seats with integrated electronic components. This document primarily focuses on correspondence between the seat supplier and the EM. Appendix A: Presents key characteristics of electronic components and guidance on how changes are classified per the requirements of Table 1 of AC 21-49. Appendix B: Provides an outline of a typical data approval process and the change management process between EMs and seat suppliers. Appendix C: While the responsibility rests solely with the seat supplier to ensure all TSO attributes identified in Table 1 of AC 21-49 are acceptable, Appendix C has been included to outline the process for delegating EMs authorization to assess the impact of changes on their equipment with respect to seat TSO attributes. This authorization will allow the classification of the change and the appropriate administration of the change by the EM via seat supplier delegation. Appendix D: Given the mix of business arrangements that can exist in the seat, in-flight, and aircraft procurement life cycle (buyer-furnished equipment, supplier-furnished equipment, customer-furnished equipment), there is discussion on the potential need for separate agreements between the EMs and seat suppliers to ensure binding flow down of design and quality control requirements. As such, a working together agreement (WTA) template is provided as Appendix D.
Aircraft Seat Committee
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, PD SHANK AMS5616, .3125-24 UNJF-3AAS9887B (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON, EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT STEEL, UNS S66286, 130 KSI MIN, .4375-20 UNJF-3AAS9560A (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Carbon Fiber Fabric Repair Prepreg, 120 °C (250 °F) Vacuum Curing, Part 0 - IntroductionAMS3970B (Current)8/10/2026
This document (Technical Specification) gives information about qualification rules and the relation between the different specification parts involved, such as the Technical Specification (TS), Material Specification (MS), and Purchasing Specification (PS). The link to the material qualification and qualified products is presented.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEX, EXTENDED WASHER HD, PD SHANK, CUP WASHER LOCKED, CADMIUM PLATED, STEEL, UNS G87400, 125 KSI MIN, .1900-32 UNJF-3AAS9680C (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, PD SHANK, AMS4967 (TI 6AL - 4V), .1900-32 UNJF-3AAS9750C (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, CLOSE TOLERANCE SHANK, NICKEL ALLOY (UNS N07001) 165 KSI MIN, .2500-28 UNJF-3AAS9724F (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - STEEL, DIFFUSED NICKEL-CADMIUM PLATED, DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, UNS K14675, 195 KSI MIN, .3125-24 UNJF-3AAS9210D (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, PD SHANK, CUP WASHER LOCKED, CRES UNS S66286, 130 KSI MIN, .3125-24 UNJF-3AAS9678D (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, PD SHANK, CUP WASHER LOCKED, CRES, UNS S66286, 130 KSI MIN, .3750-24 UNJF-3AAS9679D (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Bearing, Ball, Bellcrank, Antifriction, AirframeAS6038B (Current)8/10/2026
ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee
SCREW, MACHINE - STEEL, DIFFUSED NICKEL-CADMIUM PLATED, DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, DRILLED, UNS K14675, 195 KSI MIN, .1640-36 UNJF-3AAS9216D (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEXAGON EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, CLOSE TOLERANCE SHANK, UNS S66286, 130 KSI MIN, .1900-32 UNJF-3AAS91101E (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEX EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, CLOSE TOLERANCE SHANK, AMS5643 (UNS S17400), 140 KSI, .5625-18, UNJF-3AAS3173C (Current)8/10/2026
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Wire, 17Cr - 7.1NI - 1.1Al (17-7 PH®), Cold Drawn, Precipitation-HardenableAMS5678H (Current)8/10/2026
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of wire 0.007 to 0.625 inch (0.18 to 15.88 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter, cold drawn to Condition C, and capable of being precipitation heat treated to Condition CH900.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
NASA Tech Briefs: August 202626AERP088/8/2026
How Electrification is Reshaping Motion Control in Flight Systems Charting the Flight Path of the Aerospace & Defense Industry with Digitalization Introducing the Modern Virtual Test Environment: Reducing Friction in RDT&E How Modular Tooling Accelerates Thermoplastic Composite Prototyping for Advanced Air Mobility and Defense Aerospace-Grade Thin Film Substrates: The Foundation of Electronics Reliability This New Quantum Sensor Measures 3D Direction of RF Electromagnetic Fields SAE International Publishes New Technical Information Report to Advance Battery Interoperability for Small Uncrewed Aerial Systems SAE JA1016 establishes common specifications for lithium-ion pouch cells for small uncrewed systems in both ground and aerial applications. Engineering Actuators for Extreme Environments A holistic approach to protective design can greatly reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of harsh environmental conditions on electric actuators. Texas A&M Researchers Work to Find Jet Fuel Alternatives Through a NATO sponsorship, a team of aerospace engineering researchers will start testing hydrogen-based alternatives that produce vapor and steam instead of carbon dioxide when they burn. Prototype Reflectarray Antenna Demonstrates Low-SWaP Anti-Jam Tactical SATCOM This prototype array uses a small, lightweight, low-power, and low-cost aperture. How Airbus is Developing Artificial Intelligence for Future Cockpits Computer vision, automated landing and embedded AI for tomorrow's cockpits.
Dynamic Response Analysis of RV Reducers with Time-Varying Stiffness2026-99-09088/7/2026
As a high-precision transmission core component, the RV reducer’s performance depends on the time-varying stiffness of its core components. Building a time-varying stiffness model is essential for studying its dynamic characteristics. This paper addresses the lack of key factors in existing dynamic studies by creating a multi-factor coupled dynamic model. It analyzes the time-varying stiffness of the crankshaft bearing, involute gear, and cycloid gear-pin gear. The study also focuses on building a dynamic analysis model for the crankshaft bearing. By measuring changes in oil film thickness and initial assembly clearance caused by temperature rise, it explains how combined clearance affects bearing performance. To verify the model, a domestic RV reducer is modeled and assembled in SolidWorks. The simplified model is imported into ADAMS for simulation. Under set load and speed conditions, dynamic parameters like angular velocity and acceleration of core components are obtained. This provides a more scientific analysis method and data support for understanding the dynamic characteristics and improving the transmission performance of RV reducers.
Xuan, Liang, Teng, Shaowei, Huang, Ruizhe, Wan, Zefu, Shao, Mengqi, Yu, Zhishen, Wang, Ziyue
Analysis of Critical Issues in the Assembly and Deployment Techniques of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles2026-99-09068/7/2026
With the complexity of chemical warfare threats and the diversification of battlefield environments, traditional toxic agent detection methods are facing bottlenecks such as response delays, coverage blind spots, and personnel safety risks. This research focuses on the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carried toxic agent sensor systems, aiming to analyze the methods of mounting and deploying the sensors on the UAVs, and to construct a rapid response, high-precision, and highly resistant toxic agent monitoring system. Its significance lies in two aspects: 1. Tactical value: It breaks through the time and space limitations of manual reconnaissance, realizes real-time dynamic perception and early warning of toxic agent contamination, and provides key decision-making support for battlefield command; 2. Application expansion: The research results can be transferred to counter-terrorism, nuclear, biological, and chemical emergency response fields, providing theoretical support and engineering paradigms for the development of unmanned and intelligent chemical defense equipment.
Liang, Ting, Wen, Hao, Qi, Yelin, Yan, Rui, Ma, Tengbo, Yang, Wen
Research on the Cumulative Damage Mechanism of Special Equipment Steel Structures Based on Complex Load2026-99-10118/7/2026
Steel structures subjected to complex loading conditions undergo various types of damage, including fatigue, crack propagation, plastic deformation, and corrosion. As time and loads accumulate, these damages may lead to structural failure. The investigation of the damage mechanisms and constitutive models for special equipment steel structures under complex loading has been a significant challenge in engineering. This study develops a constitutive model for steel structure damage under static and dynamic loads, as well as vibration disturbances, through a normalization approach. The proposed model is validated via simulation to assess its feasibility. The findings offer a theoretical foundation for the design, life prediction, and health monitoring of steel structures in special equipment, aiming to enhance their safety and reliability. This research provides critical insights into damage analysis, failure prediction, and the optimization of repair strategies for steel structures, with significant practical implications in engineering applications.
Wang, Jun, Yu, Zhen, Huang, Yong-qiang, Chen, Wei-bi
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Temperature Effects on the Hot Deformation and Microstructural Evolution of Al-Mg-Si Aluminum Alloy2026-99-10108/7/2026
In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are applied to systematically examine the influence of varying temperatures (300 K, 500 K, and 700 K) on the Elevated-temperature compression behavior and micromechanical characteristics of polycrystalline Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy. A nanopolycrystalline model was established to analyze the stress–strain response, dislocation evolution, and crystal structure changes occurring during the deformation process. The simulation results show that the yield strength and elastic modulus both decline as temperature increases, indicating a pronounced thermal softening effect. During the early stage of plastic deformation, dislocations mainly have their nucleation sites at grain boundaries and then propagate into the grain interiors, where they form interconnected networks along with stacking faults and twin structures. This work reveals the thermal deformation mechanisms of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy at the atomic scale and provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of its hot-working processes.
Sun, Ruifeng, Liu, Shoukui, Wang, Rui, Sun, Xuemei, Ding, Shuli, Ma, Xiaofei
Research on the Intelligent Design Method of Roof Frame Based on the Middle Layer and Component Technology2026-99-09078/7/2026
This study proposes an intelligent automotive roof frame design method based on the middle layer and component technology on CATIA. It aims to solve core roof modeling issues: determining geometric input quantity but uncertain attributes (tangent vectors, normal vectors, number of curve segments, number of surface patches, and boundaries), high manual interaction dependence, and poor knowledge reuse, to realize efficient design knowledge reuse. Methodologically, it builds a feature-driven parametric template, develops a knowledge rule-embedded componentized UDF library (reducing repeated modeling and geometric reconstruction needs), and integrates knowledge engineering for geometric input verification and operation direction control, eliminating curve/surface attribute uncertainty impacts. Verification shows the template stably generates roof crossbeams under simple/complex inputs, improving model robustness and reuse rate, reducing design workload, shortening verification cycles, and providing an extensible solution for white body design.
Jin, Chunning, Fu, Xinyu, Hou, Wenbin
Research on Ventilation Performance of Slotted Honeycomb Panels for Civil aircraft2026-99-09138/7/2026
Auxiliary fuel tank systems for civil aircraft are typically employed in extended-range aircraft. As a critical structure for fuel storage, the structural safety of auxiliary fuel tanks directly impacts aircraft safety. Such tanks are generally constructed from honeycomb sandwich composite panels. Owing to their outstanding advantages, including high specific strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance, honeycomb sandwich composite panels have become the material of choice for civil aircraft fuel tanks. However, to meet the safety requirements for ventilation and leakage drainage in the sandwich structure of fuel tanks, dedicated flow channels must be created by slotting inside the honeycomb composite panels to ensure timely discharge of fuel vapor and accumulated fluid from the tank sandwich. Conventional flow channels are symmetrically arranged on the end faces of the honeycomb core, making it difficult for ventilation airflow to penetrate the center of honeycomb cells. This results in ventilation and drainage blind spots within the cells, which tend to cause accumulation of fuel vapor and residual fluid over prolonged service. Consequently, the aging of the core layer is accelerated, compromising the structural integrity of the composite panel and the service life of the fuel tank. This paper proposes an asymmetric ventilation flow channel design. By optimizing the slotting position, size, and distribution pattern of the flow channels, the limitations of the traditional symmetric layout are overcome. To accurately investigate the effect of this design on the internal ventilation performance of honeycomb composite panels, a three-dimensional flow field model of the honeycomb sandwich composite panel is established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The ventilation airflow distribution, velocity, and flow rate characteristics under different flow channel designs are simulated and compared with those of the conventional symmetric flow channel design. The results demonstrate that the asymmetric ventilation flow channel design improves the ventilation uniformity inside the honeycomb cells and completely eliminates the ventilation and drainage blind spots at the cell center inherent in the traditional design. Meanwhile, the design significantly enhances the ventilation gas velocity and flow rate at the center of honeycomb cells, accelerating the discharge of fuel vapor and drainage of accumulated fluid. The overall ventilation efficiency is considerably higher than that of the traditional symmetric design. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the safety design of honeycomb composite panels used in auxiliary fuel tanks of civil aircraft.
Yao, Lijun, Chen, Jun
Accelerometer Mass Compensation on Frequency Response Functions in Impact Testing Based on the Substructure Method2026-99-09118/7/2026
Impact testing utilizing instrumented hammers and accelerometers is a widely adopted technique in dynamic testing. The mass loading effect of the accelerometer alters the dynamic response of the test structure, leading to deviations between the measured frequency response functions (FRFs) and their true values. Furthermore, the effects on the FRFs are contingent upon the positioning of the accelerometer, thereby causing the measured FRFs between two points to fail to meet the principle of reciprocity. This paper investigates the compensation method for the mass of a single accelerometer in impact testing. Compensation formulas for both origin–FRF and cross–FRF are derived using the frequency domain substructure decoupling method. Numerical simulations on a cantilever beam and experimental tests with milling tools validate the proposed methodology. The compensation formulas for FRFs presented in this paper are expected to enhance the measurement accuracy of FRFs in modal testing of small structures, particularly relevant for lightweight components in aerospace, aircraft, and transportation systems, where precise dynamic characterization is critical.
Tang, Zhenrong, Yao, Zhenqiang
Mechanical Structure Design and Dynamics Simulation of an Exoskeleton Leg Rehabilitation Robot2026-99-09028/7/2026
In response to the challenges of training and rehabilitation for patients with leg dysfunction, this research focuses on two core requirements: “bionic adaptation” and “safety assistance”. It introduces a novel exoskeleton leg rehabilitation robot designed to support diverse rehabilitation exercises for individuals with leg disabilities during therapy. The robot system consists of a lumbar support structure, thigh mechanical components, calf mechanical components, leg fixation straps, and foot mechanical structures, and achieves multi degree of freedom motion simulation through three main joints: hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint. Each mechanical leg has three independent degrees of freedom, which can effectively simulate the natural movements of the human lower limb, such as flexion, extension, abduction, etc., during the gait cycle, thus meeting the functional needs of patients for different movement modes during rehabilitation training. On the basis of structural design, this study further utilizes multi-body dynamics simulation software ADAMS to conduct kinematic and dynamic analysis of the exoskeleton robot. By simulating the joint torque of the exoskeleton legs under ideal working conditions, the rationality and smoothness of the mechanism design are verified. The simulation results not only reflect the performance of the robot in typical rehabilitation actions, but also provide a theoretical basis and data support for the selection and parameter matching of key execution components (such as servo motors, reducers, etc.), laying an important foundation for the physical development and control strategy optimization of the robot system.
Mu, Xiaoqi, Ma, Chao, Li, Weijie, Pu, Shuai, Liu, Jiaqi, Wang, Ruiyin, Zhang, Xiaodong
Structural Design and Optimization of Heavy-Duty2026-99-09108/7/2026
With the strategic expansion of low-altitude economies, there is a growing demand for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with enhanced structural reliability and performance. This study investigates the integrated design and precision manufacturing of a heavy-lift quadrotor UAV, focusing on developing a system capable of sustaining substantial payloads. The UAV features an innovative locking mechanism at the base of its arms, which facilitates easy disassembly—this design simplifies maintenance while improving operational flexibility. Structural integrity was evaluated using the Static Structural module in Ansys Workbench under three operational conditions: no-load, full-load, and extreme-load. Results demonstrate that the airframe meets strength requirements under all conditions, though localized nonlinear deformations were observed in the arms under extreme loads. In response to these findings, the Response Surface Optimization methodology was systematically applied to refine the UAV arm’s design parameters, with the dual goals of minimizing structural mass and reducing displacement. Experimental results show that under the most demanding operating condition, the maximum displacement was reduced by 43.6% compared to the pre-optimization state, while the arm’s weight was reduced by 20.2%. These findings provide critical insights for advancing UAV design, particularly in agricultural and logistics applications that require high payload capacity and robustness.
Huang, Kanghui, Li, Guiying, Yu, Zhigang, Yang, Jingru, Wang, Yong, Zhang, Chao