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Announcements for SAE Mobilus

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Vertical Flight Society Technical Papers - Coming Soon to Mobilus
Vertical Flight Society papers coming soon to SAE Mobilus. In partnership with the Vertical Flight Society (VFS), SAE Mobilus will be hosting more than 17,000 technical papers and proceedings from VFS. Click here to see a sample of the content covering decades of rotorcraft and vertical flight technologies.
Important Update – Accessibility Enhancements on SAE Mobilus
We’re pleased to share that SAE Mobilus has recently completed a comprehensive set of accessibility improvements across the platform. As a result, Mobilus is now aligned with WCAG 2.2 Level AA standards in most key categories. These updates are part of our ongoing commitment to ensuring the platform is accessible to all users. Enhancements include improvements to keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, visual contrast, error handling, and overall usability across core areas of the site. An updated Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT v2.5 – March 2026) is now available, providing a detailed overview of our accessibility conformance. You can access the VPAT directly within the Help section. Accessibility is a continuous effort. We will continue to evaluate and improve the platform to better support all users and meet evolving standards. If you have any feedback or experience any accessibility issues, we welcome your input. - The SAE Mobilus Team
SAE AI Chat — Update and What's Next
* Important Update - SAE AI chatbot Beta program * The SAE AI Chatbot Beta program - Phase 1 will end on March 31, 2026. Following this date, the AI chatbot capabilities will be temporarily unavailable as we begin development of a significantly enhanced version. We sincerely thank all Phase 1 Beta participants for their engagement and valuable feedback - your insights have played an important role in shaping the next phase of this experience. The upcoming version of the SAE AI Chatbot will expand content coverage beyond current standards, incorporating additional critical resources from our digital library. It will also be made available to a broader audience across Mobilus. Want to be part of what's next? Register your interest here to receive updates and be considered for early access. For additional information, visit the FAQs. — The Mobilus Team
SAE International Digitization and AI Policy
SAE International prohibits the entry of SAE Content into any form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, OpenAI, or Microsoft Copilot. Additionally, creating derivatives of SAE Content using AI is also prohibited without express written permission from SAE International. In the case of such use, SAE International will suspend access to SAE Content, and further legal action will be considered.
Welcome to the new SAE Mobilus®
  Welcome to the new era of SAE Mobilus®, redesigned with a modern, intuitive web interface featuring enhanced search capabilities to help you stay informed and easily discover content. Login today: To access content within your subscription and make the most of the platform, please log into your subscription and your personal My Library (sign up is free) located in the top right corner of the screen.   Key Features Intuitive User Interface: We've listened to our customers and tied this to the best practices in the industry to offer an improved, intuitive, and desirable website experience for our users.​ Improved In-app Discoverability: Enhanced search and expanded menu featuring search suggestions that allow for quick discovery of content.​ Announcements: Stay up to date on new features through a dedicated announcements page. Most recent announcements also get featured on the homepage.​ Enhanced Browse capabilities: Browse through over 200,000 publications that are now classified into categories commonly used across the industry. Deep-dive further into any topic or sub-topic of interest to make the most for your corporate projects or research.​ Smart Automation: "Meta Tags" on each result will help you find content related to your search.​ My Library: My dashboard is rebranded as My Library with powerful features to help you make the most out of the platform Mobile Friendly: Upgraded navigation on mobile devices​ Training Available SAE’s Customer Success team is dedicated to delivering the best platform experience possible. Through monthly trainings and short, on-demand video tutorials, find answers to your questions here: SAE Mobilus Spotlight training - Available monthly, hosted live by SAE’s Customer Success team Mobilus Minute – 2-minute videos, available on-demand   Need some troubleshooting help? Access our FAQs by visiting our Help section: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/home Resources to help you navigate the new platform are available here, where you can find links to quick start guides and video tutorials on features like My Library, Announcements, Saved Search, Login and new features. Have feedback that you'd like to share with us? Please submit your feedback to the Mobilus team through the blue Knowledge bot in the bottom right hand corner of the new platform.

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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster ResponseEPR202501711/24/2025
The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the advanced air mobility and drone industry further enable the development of modern, safe, and practical WIG platforms. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Next-gen AI for Aerospace EngineeringEPR20250169/22/2025
Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and mitigation of algorithmic biases. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen VehiclesEPR20250159/22/2025
The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and actionable solutions to help stakeholders better navigate the transition toward a circular future for mobility. It further highlights the overlooked complexities in the Global South, emphasizing the importance of ethical market expansion and localized mobility strategies. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation FeaturesEPR20250138/13/2025
Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and suggestions for future research will also be discussed. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural RobotsEPR20250128/13/2025
The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable track, as well as the economics of moving capital intensive automation systems toward a service-provision business model. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous VehiclesEPR20250147/18/2025
Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles presents a hybrid framework that combines data-driven insights with the robustness of physical models. It identifies key challenges in fusing these disparate methods and outlines potential solutions in developing robust fusion strategies, establishing generalized mixed dynamics models, and designing multi-objective robust control systems. In addition, the report explores future research directions to enhance learning efficiency, improve adaptability to rare but critical scenarios, and ultimately pave the way for secure, efficient, and human-like autonomous driving systems. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial IntelligenceEPR20250115/21/2025
Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even redefined what it means to be a "product." Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic ManagementEPR20250085/20/2025
The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and educational programs in leveraging AI for transportation applications are emphasized in this report. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated MobilityEPR20250095/20/2025
With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is instrumental in processing such data, and in that context, “edge AI” is a more recent type of implementation. Edge AI involves AI algorithms in edge computing devices, which requires hardware operating close to where data is generated. This report explores the potential of edge AI in CCAM. Different perspectives on edge AI for CCAM are explored and definitions drafted. Primary applications are explored, and an outlook on further advancements in applications is presented. The report includes a discussion on the benefits, risks, and challenges related to the use of edge AI in this domain. Major issues such as privacy and cybersecurity are considered, as are misconceptions. Furthermore, potential learning benefits, using experiences gained in other sectors, are introduced. NOTE: SAE Edge Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on EarthEPR20250054/24/2025
Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

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Passenger Vehicle Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems
Electrified Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
SAE International Journal of Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
Connected and Automated Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
Transportation Safety
SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety
Alternative Powertrains
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
Commercial Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles
Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems
Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
Materials and Manufacturing
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
Fuels and Lubricants
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
Engines
SAE International Journal of Engines

Recent Books

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July 2026 AMS IndexAMSJULY-20267/22/2026
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IB-994_VOLUME17/1/2026
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2026 supersedes MMPDS-25 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used. Volume II: Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies.
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IIB-994_VOLUME27/1/2026
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2026 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2026 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
1D and MultiD Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation Second EditionR-5805/29/2026
The internal combustion (IC) engine remains the most widely used thermal machine in the world and will continue to play a central role in global mobility for decades to come. Even as alternative powertrains expand, optimized IC engines—often integrated within hybrid and electrified architectures—are essential to achieving low fuel consumption, near-zero pollutant emissions, and reduced carbon dioxide output. Advances in combustion strategies, synthetic fuels, turbocharging, and aftertreatment systems are driving this evolution. This fully revised and expanded second edition reflects the rapid progress made in engine modeling and simulation over the past two decades. One-dimensional (1D), three-dimensional (3D), and coupled 1D–3D modeling techniques have become indispensable tools in modern engine design, enabling engineers to evaluate performance, efficiency, and emissions through advanced virtual engine environments. Bringing together contributions from leading international researchers and industry experts, this book presents the most significant and recent developments in IC engine simulation. Topics include 0D, 1D, quasi-3D, and full 3D modeling approaches; turbocharging and aftertreatment systems; co-simulation and real-time applications; hydrogen and two-stroke engines; and advanced thermal modeling techniques. Designed for engineers, researchers, and graduate students, this second edition serves as a comprehensive reference for understanding, comparing, and applying state-of-the-art IC engine modeling methodologies in an evolving mobility landscape. Chapter topics include: • state of the art of 1D thermo-fluid dynamic simulation models • virtual engine development: 1D- and 3D-CFD up to full engine simulation • advanced 0D and quasiD thermodynamic combustion models for SI and CI engines • compressor and turbine (turbocharger, supercharger, or turbocompounding device) as boundary conditions for 1D simulations • 3D-CFD combustion models for SI and CI engines • model order reduction for real-time simulation and control applications • modeling of EGR systems •1D engine model in XiL application-a simulation environment for the entire powertrain development process • coupling of 1D and 3D fluid dynamic models for hybrid simulations • extending the 1D approach to the simulation of 3D components: the quasi-3D approach • 1D simulation models for aftertreatment components• 3D simulation models for after-treatment systems • modeling of IC engine silencers and tailpipe noise: 1D and 3D approaches • hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines • optimization of the gas exchange process in advanced 2-stroke engines • IC engine 0D/1D thermal modeling
Variable Compression Systems for Future Engines and FuelsR-5534/30/2026
Variable Compression Engines: Enabling Net Zero explores variable compression ratio (VCR): one of the most promising—and historically elusive—advancements in internal combustion engine (ICE) technology. Long recognized for its thermodynamic benefits, VCR has challenged engineers for decades due to its mechanical complexity. Today, as the global mobility landscape demands ever higher efficiency, lower emissions, and greater fuel flexibility, VCR has emerged as a viable and transformative solution. This book delivers a comprehensive and authoritative examination of VCR technology, quantifying its efficiency and CO2-reduction potential while surveying the wide range of mechanisms conceived, developed, and tested over more than a century of engine innovation. By combining historical insight with modern analysis, the authors reveal the remarkable ingenuity of past and present engine designers—and demonstrate that VCR is not only feasible, but increasingly essential. Positioned squarely within the context of global decarbonization, the book argues for a realistic, inclusive pathway to net-zero emissions—one in which ICEs continue to play a critical role. VCR technology enables higher efficiency across almost all operating conditions, supports advanced combustion strategies, and allows engines to operate effectively on a broad spectrum of low- and zero-carbon fuels, from biofuels to synthetic e-fuels. With VCR now in high-volume production and poised for broader adoption across automotive, heavy-duty, and marine applications, this timely volume is an essential resource for OEMs, suppliers, policymakers, researchers, and students seeking practical, scalable solutions for a sustainable energy future. Chapter topics include: • compression ratios and fuels • compression ratio limits • cylinder head VCR • cylinder block VCR • connecting rod variable compression • piston VCR • cranktrain and linkages VCR • modulated crankshaft eccentricity VCR • axial or barrel engine VCRs • high power and downsized engines • impact of VCR systems on engines • VCR applications for the future • variable compression for future engines and fuels • VCR cost–benefit analysis
Aerospace Standards Index - 2026ASIN20262/25/2026
This valuable resource lists all Aerospace Standards (AS), Aerospace Recommended Practices (ARP), Aerospace Information Reports (AIR), and Aerospace Resource Documents (ARD) published by SAE. Each listing includes title, subject, document number, key words, new and revised documents, and DODISS-adopted documents. AMS Index - Now Available!
Business Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering, Volume 4R-5522/17/2026
In a world where every business process is under pressure to perform faster, safer, and more reliably, this book delivers a powerful roadmap for sustained operational excellence. Centered on the proven methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE), it shows how organizations can move beyond reactive problem-solving to systematic reliability growth. From well-defined standard operating practices to management-level decision-making, the book connects strategy, data, and execution to create repeatable, measurable results across the enterprise. Readers are guided through practical, real-world applications of DOE, from selecting the right factors and levels to executing robust experiments, analyzing outcomes, validating solutions, and continuously monitoring performance. Each chapter translates complex statistical and engineering concepts into actionable business value, helping teams improve quality, reduce waste, and increase return on investment. Key capabilities explored in this book include: • Holistic reliability across design, manufacturing, supply chain, and marketing. • Advanced experimental designs, including split-plot and fractional factorial methods. • Fault tree analysis (FTA) and FMEA for failure prediction and prevention. • Supply chain optimization through multivariate process control. • Production and field reliability using design for testability and diagnostics. • Electric vehicle system and battery reliability analysis. • Marketing reliability driven by voice of customer and data-based value analysis. This book is an essential resource for engineers, operations leaders, and technical managers who want to build resilient systems, unlock innovation, and achieve long-term competitive advantage through disciplined, data-driven reliability.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation FuelsR-5471/22/2026
As global energy demands rise and environmental challenges intensify, the aviation industry faces a critical need to redefine how it powers the skies. Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels presents a comprehensive, research-driven exploration of the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable alternatives that promise to reshape the future of air transportation. This book bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial application, offering a detailed overview of the science, technology, and policy driving the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). From understanding feedstocks and conversion pathways to evaluating production technologies, emissions performance, and life-cycle impacts, the text equips readers with a holistic understanding of SAFs within today’s global energy landscape. Across five insightful chapters, readers will find a clear roadmap: the evolution and importance of SAFs; production methods and technological foundations; environmental performance and emissions reduction potential; safety, certification, and market integration; and future projections supported by international initiatives and regulatory frameworks. By combining technical depth with practical relevance, Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels serves as both a foundational reference and a forward-looking guide for researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and students. It underscores that achieving sustainability in aviation depends not only on innovation but also on global collaboration, paving the way toward cleaner skies and a resilient, low-carbon future for air travel.
SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected VehiclesR-5591/20/2026
The convergence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies is ushering in a transformative era of automotive innovation—one that is fundamentally enhancing vehicle safety, efficiency, reliability, and the overall driving experience. SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles stands as the definitive reference for this rapidly evolving domain, meticulously compiled to clarify and standardize the language shaping modern mobility. Inside, readers will find clear, authoritative definitions encompassing the full spectrum of technologies that enable connected and automated driving—including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This comprehensive resource translates complex engineering terminology into accessible language, enabling engineers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and enthusiasts to share a common technical foundation. Reflecting the latest global standards, research, and innovations, this dictionary bridges the gap between theory and application. It fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, supports safer system design, and provides clarity for those engaged in regulatory development or technology deployment. As the pace of mobility innovation accelerates, precise and accessible communication becomes indispensable. SAE International remains committed to advancing global transportation knowledge—empowering professionals to navigate, contribute to, and shape the future of intelligent, connected, and sustainable mobility with confidence and clarity.
Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 4EPRCOMPV01202512/29/2025

Recently Published

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Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire, 12.5Cr (SAE 410)AMS5776J (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Iron-Nickel Alloy, Strip, 49Fe - 5.3Cr - 42Ni - 2.5Ti - 0.55Al (Ni-Span-C® 902), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Rolled, 50% ReductionAMS5225H (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers an iron-nickel alloy in the form of strip 0.020 to 0.250 inch (0.51 to 6.35 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire, 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 1.0Cb(Nb) - 2.4Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe (Inconel® FM69)AMS5778L (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire, 72Ni - 3.0Mn - 20Cr - 2.5Cb(Nb) (Inconel® FM82)AMS5836F (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel Bars, Forgings, and Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, Nitriding, 1.4Cr - 1.2Mo - 0.3V (0.29 - 0.36C) (32CrMoNiV5), Electroslag Remelted or Consumable Electrode Vacuum Remelted, Premium Aircraft-Quality for Bearing ApplicationsAMS6497C (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers a nitriding grade of premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock. AMS6496 and AMS6498 cover UNS K23280 with other quality levels.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Manganese Bronze, Sand and Centrifugal Castings, 65Cu - 24Zn - 6.2Al - 3.8Mn - 3.0Fe, High Strength, As CastAMS4862G (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers a manganese bronze alloy in the form of sand and centrifugal castings (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Gold-Palladium-Nickel Alloy, Brazing Filler Metal, High-Temperature, 30Au - 34Pd - 36Ni, 2075 to 2130 °F (1135 to 1166 °C) Solidus-Liquidus RangeAMS4785L (Current)8/3/2026
This specification covers a gold-palladium-nickel alloy in the form of wire, rod, sheet, strip, foil, pig, powder, shot, chips, preforms, and a viscous mixture (paste) of the powder in a suitable binder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Comparative Analysis of CDTire Model and FTire Model in Vehicle Comfort and Durability Simulation2026-99-01097/31/2026
This paper studies the applicability of the CDTire tire model in vehicle comfort and durability simulations by comparing it with the FTire tire model. Based on a physical 250/50 R19 tire, the corresponding CDTire and FTire models are developed and integrated into a multibody dynamics model of an SUV. After simulations of two handling comfort conditions and one durability condition using the CDTire and FTire models, it is found that, when FTire is used as the base case, CDTire produces a smaller relative error in vehicle comfort simulation, with a maximum of +5.6%. In the durability simulation, the relative error is larger, but the maximum value remains within ±10% at + 9.7%. Therefore, it can be concluded that CDTire is one tire model with acceptable simulation accuracy for vehicle comfort and durability.
Gao, Fengling, Wu, Wenwen, Geng, Hao
A Data-Driven Method for Predicting The Operational Status of The Aircraft Assembly System2026-99-01117/31/2026
Aircraft assembly systems, as a critical phase in aerospace manufacturing, face significant challenges in maintaining production efficiency and ensuring product quality. This complex manufacturing system exhibits two distinct characteristics: (1) tightly coupled interactions among manufacturing elements involving process sequences, material flows, and equipment utilization; and (2) dynamic resource allocation and material distribution plans. The inherent variability in production element configurations often leads to operational instability and schedule deviations, which may result in abnormal production states. To address these challenges, this study proposes a data-driven predictive framework that integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks with multi-criteria evaluation. The developed LSTM-based model effectively forecasts two critical production indicators of cycle time and balance rate, achieving temporal prediction through historical operational data analysis. The proposed methodology facilitates timely anomaly detection and early warning, allowing proactive risk mitigation and ensuring sustained production system stability. This research contributes to advancing intelligent monitoring and control strategies for aircraft assembly operations within data-driven manufacturing environments.
Chen, Bolin, Wu, Junjie, Sun, Jinfeng, Wang, Kai
Design of a Fully Automated Tea Packaging System Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm2026-99-01137/31/2026
Manual operations in traditional tea packaging lines often suffer from low productivity, safety risks, and inconsistent labeling quality. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a fully automated tea packaging system guided by an improved genetic algorithm. The system integrates five functional modules—bag feeding, bag opening, material filling, sealing, and labeling—into a seamless workflow. By applying the optimization capability of the improved genetic algorithm, the system achieves better coordination among modules, higher adaptability to different bag shapes and sizes, and improved operational efficiency. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed design not only simplifies the packaging procedure but also enhances precision, reliability, and production speed. The system provides a flexible and intelligent solution applicable to a wide range of tea packaging requirements.
Guo, Hui, Zhao, Zhikai, Yuan, Weilong, Lin, Lin, Yu, Yunchang, Gao, Jiashun
Numerical Study on Measurement Accuracy of Liquid Level/Capacity Measurement Device and System in a Shipboard Environment2026-99-01227/31/2026
In the marine environment, navigation safety and operational effectiveness depend heavily on the precision of liquid level/capacity measurement equipment and systems. In order to examine their measurement accuracy under complex operational situations, including ship navigation states and water tank sloshing, this study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodologies. The numerical technique performs a thorough examination of how various operating conditions impact measurement accuracy and integrates the volume of fluid (VOF) model and laminar flow model with appropriately defined boundary conditions and solver settings. The findings indicate that constant-speed navigation has minimal impact on accuracy, horizontal acceleration causes moderate deviations, and accelerated diving greatly reduces precision. The amplitude of water tank sloshing has a positive correlation with measurement error. When sloshing amplitudes are less than 1 m, the integration of the resulting acceleration efficiently lowers deviations while preserving excellent accuracy. In light of these results, we advise adding accelerometers to differential pressure transmitters to improve measurement precision. This investigation provides data-driven references and technical solutions for system design and operational standard formulation in marine measurement systems.
Shang, Jin, Qin, Ziming, Wang, Yingwei, Wu, Chao, Zhao, Fenggang, Chen, Liang, Xia, Wei, Yan, Jin, Chen, Min, Chen, Guoao
Parameter Identification for the Dynamics Model of a Robotic Grasping Process Based on SFOA2026-99-01237/31/2026
To precisely simulate the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a robotic arm grasping cylindrical objects from storage units, this study establishes a dynamic model of the robotic grasping process incorporating Coulomb and viscous friction models to characterize frictional properties. Furthermore, to effectively identify unknown parameters in the dynamic model, a parameter identification method based on the Superb Fairy-wren Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) is proposed. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the displacement responses from the dynamic model and the experimentally acquired displacement data serves as the optimization objective. Multiple sets of experimental data are utilized to identify the unknown parameters of the dynamic model. The results demonstrate that when the identified parameters are applied to the dynamic model, the goodness-of-fit between the model’s response displacement data and the experimental displacement data exceeds 0.999. This validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method for identifying unknown parameters in dynamic models.
Shen, Shaofeng, Yang, Liu, Wang, Zihan, Han, Qunyi
An Integrated Instrument for Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation and Root Canal Preparation with Full Pneumatic Drive2026-99-01187/31/2026
During root canal treatment, dentists must use endodontic access cavity preparation dental handpieces and root canal preparation handpieces separately for endodontic access cavity preparation and root canal preparation. To reduce the use of surgical tools, an integrated instrument for endodontic access cavity preparation and root canal preparation was designed. Driven by an air impeller and equipped with a quick tool disassembly unit, the instrument realizes forward or reverse rotation of the end tool via an STM32-controlled electromagnetic directional valve. The flow characteristics of the air impeller system were analyzed using ANSYS CFX, and the results showed that the impeller output torque met the design requirements. To minimize torque fluctuations during rotation, a double-layer offset impeller structure with an offset angle of 14° was designed based on the flow characteristics of the impeller system. The instrument was applied in simulated endodontic access cavity preparation and root canal preparation experiments. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using this integrated instrument for both endodontic access cavity preparation and root canal preparation.
Chen, Guoliang, Xu, Kunlang
Resilience Evaluation of HVAC Outdoor Units Against Typhoons Using Finite Element Method2026-99-01067/31/2026
In view of the practical problem that the air-conditioner outdoor units in the spacecraft test workshops of coastal launch sites are severely damaged under the influence of super typhoon, this paper employs the finite-element simulation method to establish a finite-element model of the outdoor units. The implicit Euler solution method is used to calculate the stress conditions of each component of the unit under the influence of typhoons with wind speeds of 50.9 m/s and 61.2 m/s respectively. By combining with the material yield strength, the weak links in the design are identified, and targeted improvement measures are proposed. The simulation results demonstrate good agreement with the actual impact of the typhoon, which can effectively guide the typhoon-resistance optimization design of subsequent air-conditioning units.
Gu, Yufei, Chen, Shaojiang, Shi, YunShan, Fu, Yuanming, Chen, Xi, Yang, Degang
Simulation of Compression and Bending Performance of GFRP Rod of Composite Hollow Post Insulator2026-99-01077/31/2026
Composite hollow core station post insulators utilize fiber-reinforced epoxy resin as the core rod material, offering advantages such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and excellent fatigue resistance. This enables them to effectively meet the flexible, variable, and complex operational demands of modern power systems. However, composite materials exhibit anisotropic characteristics, resulting in complex mechanical properties. Additionally, the core rod of hollow pillar composite insulators is typically fabricated through a spiral-plus-circumferential winding process, which significantly complicates structural design and computational analysis. This study establishes a finite element model of the hollow pillar composite insulator core rod in ABAQUS. It analyzes the influence of fiber content on composite material parameters and performs finite element numerical calculations to examine the stress state of core rods with different winding angles under compressive and bending loads. The research findings provide theoretical support for the optimized structural design of hollow pillar composite insulator core rods.
Liu, Jianbiao, Du, Yijun, Quan, Xiaoxi, Zhou, Songsong
Adaptability Analysis of The Depth and Curvature Radius of Automatic Fiber Placement2026-99-01127/31/2026
This study explored the relationship between the placement roller and the radius of curvature of the mold. In the production process, it is better to judge the feasibility of placement based on the actual placement profile. It is calculated that when the prepreg with a tow width of 6.35 mm is used for automatic fiber placement and forming, the 4-tow, 8-tow, and 16-tow laying rollers can be laid at a maximum depth of 2 mm. The formulas for the length of the automatic fiber placement roller and the axial radius of curvature of the die are obtained. At the same time, through geometric analysis, a formula for calculating the minimum radius of curvature of the pressure roller is obtained. The finite element software Abaqus was used to simulate the contact of the 4-tow, 8-tow, and 16-tow laying rollers with the minimum axial critical radius of curvature at a 2 mm depth, and output the force curve of the node where the mold surface contacts the pressure roller. It is found that the simulation results are consistent with the calculation results.
Ma, Cheng, Xiu, Zhifeng, Xue, Hongming, Yang, Maowei, Zhang, Pin
Optimization of the Stewart Platform Based on Improved Genetic Optimization2026-99-01057/31/2026
Based on the improved genetic optimization, a new Stewart platform optimization design method is proposed in this paper. Through introducing chaotic mapping and simulation annealing strategy, combining the kinematic analysis of the Stewart platform and the constraint conditions of the workspace, aiming at maximizing the workspace and minimizing the motion error, the structural parameters of the platform are optimized. The experimental results show that the improved GA significantly improves the workspace and motion performance of the Stewart platform compared with the traditional ant colony optimization and basic genetic optimization.
Zhu, Ming, Wang, Baichao
Fatigue Life Prediction and Improvement of Supporting Structures under Cyclic Highpressure Impact2026-99-01157/31/2026
Under cyclic ultra-high-pressure impact loads, structures often experience local fractures due to insufficient initial fatigue life (low-cycle fatigue). This article focused on a certain ultra-high-pressure support structure and established a dynamic model based on load transfer characteristics to simulate the transient stress-strain response under impact loads. On this basis, a low-cycle fatigue life evaluation method was used to predict the fatigue life of the structure about 362 times, which was significantly different from the required indicators for structural fatigue life. In response to the problem of high loadbearing capacity on the structural support surface and significant stress concentration at the root, the structural load-bearing method has been optimized. Calculation analysis showed that after optimization, the structural stress was greatly improved, the bearing capacity of the support surface was reduced by 25 %, and the fatigue life of the structure was increased from 362 times to 4208 times, an increase of about 10 times. The optimized structure has been verified through 2000 tests without any fracture, meeting the requirements for the service life of the structure.
Wang, Shuman, Ning, Bianfang, Ma, Amin, Zhang, Fanfan
Analysis and Verification of the Stiffness of Flexible Mechanisms2026-99-01037/31/2026
Recent advances in precision motion technology have heightened the requirement for precise stiffness analysis in flexible mechanisms. This paper begins with a theoretical analysis, constructing a mathematical expression for the stiffness of flexible mechanisms, providing a systematic framework for analysis. Subsequently, the study employed finite element analysis on both single and double parallelogram flexible mechanisms to validate the proposed theoretical stiffness formulas. This process not only confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed expressions but also highlighted the influence of different structures on stiffness characteristics. The finite element analysis results validate the proposed theoretical model as an effective and reliable tool for predicting the stiffness of flexible mechanisms. By establishing a reliable predictive model, this research paves the way for the informed design and systematic optimization of next-generation flexible mechanisms in precision motion engineering.
Cai, Dongchen
Reliability Evaluation of Five-Axis Machining Center based on Improved FAHPEWM-Extension Theory2026-99-01027/31/2026
To address the challenge of accurately assessing the reliability of complex equipment, a reliability evaluation system for a five-axis machining center was developed based on extension theory. By collecting and analyzing the failure modes and data of various subsystems, the strengths of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) were combined to determine the weight of reliability evaluation indicators for both the machining center and its subsystems. A comprehensive assessment of the five-axis machining center's overall reliability was conducted. According to the principle of maximum membership, the reliability grades for the spindle system and the feed system were both rated as “excellent.”
Fei, Shouxiang, Wang, Dechao, Piao, Chengdao, Zheng, Shengkui
Identification and Quantification of PAHs in Gasoline Soot Using ASE-GC-MS/MS2026-99-01107/31/2026
In the present work, a novel method that combines accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was proposed to identify and quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gasoline soot. The n-hexane was employed to extract the target analytes, and the optimal extraction conditions were identified (cycle times = 3, extraction time = 30 min, extraction temperature = 120°C, and extraction pressure = 100 MPa). The extraction efficiency of six analytes was measured to assess the ASE method; the formation mechanism of partial PAHs was discussed, and the 18 PAHs in gasoline soot were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively under the optimal conditions. It was found that our new method reached a high correlation coefficient (between 0.9987 and 0.9997); the limits of quantification (LOQs) (S/N = 6) for these PAHs were between 0.003 and 0.009 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.9–10.6%. Our method demonstrated good performance in determining the target analytes in soot samples, such as gasoline soot, some materials soot, co-combustion soot, gasoline, and materials. The PAHs differences in soot samples containing gasoline and materials soot samples were significant enough to obtain the observed discrimination. The method is an accurate and sensitive quantitative method to identify gasoline residues in soot samples of arson fire.
Liu, Shujun, Cao, Henan, Qi, Lijie, Liu, Yang, Li, Qi
Stewart Platform Position and Attitude Error Compensation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization2026-99-01047/31/2026
The six-degree-of-freedom Stewart platform, as a high-precision parallel robot, is widely used in fields such as aerospace and precision manufacturing. However, its complex structure and diverse sources of error (such as manufacturing errors, assembly errors, rod deformation, etc.) make it difficult to effectively control position and attitude errors. This article proposes a Stewart platform position and attitude error compensation method, relying on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. By establishing a position and attitude error model for the platform and optimizing the driving joint error using the IPSO optimization, the position and attitude error of the platform have been significantly reduced, providing a new solution for error compensation of high-precision parallel robots.
Zhu, Ming, Wang, Baichao
Identification of Uncertain Parameters in the Dynamics Model of a Rotary Storage Mechanism Using the Stellar Oscillation Optimization Algorithm2026-99-01487/31/2026
The rotary storage mechanism is a critical component responsible for transferring cylindrical units. To accurately simulate the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of the rotary storage mechanism, a dynamics model incorporating uncertain parameters is established based on the Lagrange method. Utilizing an optimization approach, uncertain parameters of the rotary storage mechanism are identified based on test data. The Stellar Oscillation Optimization (SOO) algorithm is employed, which balances exploration and exploitation by simulating the periodic expansion and contraction of stars to achieve optimal solutions. The results show that the output of the identified dynamics model under two operating conditions closely matches the test data, validating the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the identification process. This provides strong support for subsequent reliability analysis and fault diagnosis studies of the rotary storage mechanism.
Li, Ang, Chen, Guangsong, Huang, Peng, Li, Hanning
Dynamic Modeling of X-Configuration Cable–Strut Assembly2026-99-01857/31/2026
The space cable-rod deployable articulated mast is a type of space-deployable structure with high storage efficiency. As a critical component, the pretension in the cables directly affects the stiffness and dynamic characteristics of the mast. However, research on the modeling of cable assemblies remains limited, and the relationship between cable tensions and the natural frequencies of the system has not been reported, leaving a lack of design and manufacturing guidelines for such assemblies. In this study, a dynamic model of the X-configuration cable–strut assembly consisting of a central locking device and four cables was developed, and its applicability was investigated. Guided by the characteristics of the actual structure, the assembly was simplified into a central mass–spring system, and the governing equations of motion were derived using the Newton–Euler formulation. A finite element (FEM) model based on spring elements is constructed to validate the proposed formulations. In addition, another FEM model employing beam elements is developed, and modal analyses are conducted to compare with theoretical predictions, thereby assessing the applicability of the model. The results demonstrate that the equivalent spring model can accurately capture the first, fourth, and fifth natural frequencies of the system, while its prediction of in-plane frequencies is limited due to the neglect of cable bending effects. Based on the characteristics of the three out-plane modes, explicit relationships between natural frequencies and cable tensions are derived. This work provides new insights into the simplified modeling of cable assemblies and offers valuable references for further refinement and practical applications.
Zhang, Shicheng, Wang, Yufeng, Zhang, Xiaocheng, Sun, Chao, He, Huadong, Wu, Zhiqiang
Finite Element-Based Structural Optimization for UAV Storage-Launch Container2026-99-01647/31/2026
To fulfill the multi-tube launch requirements for a specific folding-wing UAV, this study improves the structure of the existing storage-launch container. Based on the finite element method, a parametric model of the container is established, and a multi-condition mechanical analysis is carried out for various storage, transportation, and launch conditions. The difference between the first six natural frequencies of the free mode and the prestressed mode is compared and analyzed. The modal analysis model considering prestress is used to identify the optimization area of the container. The variable density method (SIMP) is used to optimize the topology of the container, with the volume of the container as the constraint condition and the minimum strain energy as the optimization goal. The optimization results show that the first-order modal natural frequency of the container is increased by 108%, and the first six natural frequencies are increased to a safe range, which effectively avoids the resonance risk. At the same time, the quality is reduced by 29%, and good optimization results are achieved.
Yuan, Weiyang, Ji, Yuguo, Liu, Zhipeng, Yu, Wenxin