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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response

EPR202501711/24/2025

The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the

Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles

EPR20250159/22/2025

The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and

Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering

EPR20250169/22/2025

Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and

Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots

EPR20250128/13/2025

The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable

Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features

EPR20250138/13/2025

Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and

Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles

EPR20250147/18/2025

Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and

Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

EPR20250115/21/2025

Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even

Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management

EPR20250085/20/2025

The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and

Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility

EPR20250095/20/2025

With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial

Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth

EPR20250054/24/2025

Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

Browse All 16

Passenger Vehicle Systems

Electrified Vehicles

Advances and Current Practices in Mobility

Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy

Connected and Automated Vehicles

Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy

Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH

Transportation Safety

Alternative Powertrains

Commercial Vehicles

Engines

Materials and Manufacturing

Fuels and Lubricants

Aerospace

Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems

Recent Books

Browse All 721

Aerospace Standards Index - 2026

ASIN20262/25/2026

This valuable resource lists all Aerospace Standards (AS), Aerospace Recommended Practices (ARP), Aerospace Information Reports (AIR), and Aerospace Resource Documents (ARD) published by SAE. Each listing includes title, subject, document number, key words, new and revised documents, and DODISS-adopted documents. AMS Index - Now Available!

Business Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering, Volume 4

R-5522/17/2026

In a world where every business process is under pressure to perform faster, safer, and more reliably, this book delivers a powerful roadmap for sustained operational excellence. Centered on the proven methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE), it shows how organizations can move beyond reactive problem-solving to systematic reliability growth. From well-defined standard operating practices to management-level decision-making, the book connects strategy, data, and execution to create repeatable, measurable results across the enterprise. Readers are guided through practical, real-world applications of DOE, from selecting the right factors and levels to executing robust experiments, analyzing outcomes, validating solutions, and continuously monitoring performance. Each chapter translates complex statistical and engineering concepts into actionable business value, helping teams improve quality, reduce waste, and increase return on investment. Key capabilities explored in this book

January 2026 AMS Index

AMSJAN-20261/24/2026

Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels

R-5471/22/2026

As global energy demands rise and environmental challenges intensify, the aviation industry faces a critical need to redefine how it powers the skies. Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels presents a comprehensive, research-driven exploration of the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable alternatives that promise to reshape the future of air transportation. This book bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial application, offering a detailed overview of the science, technology, and policy driving the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). From understanding feedstocks and conversion pathways to evaluating production technologies, emissions performance, and life-cycle impacts, the text equips readers with a holistic understanding of SAFs within today’s global energy landscape. Across five insightful chapters, readers will find a clear roadmap: the evolution and importance of SAFs; production methods and technological foundations; environmental

SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles

R-5591/20/2026

The convergence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies is ushering in a transformative era of automotive innovation—one that is fundamentally enhancing vehicle safety, efficiency, reliability, and the overall driving experience. SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles stands as the definitive reference for this rapidly evolving domain, meticulously compiled to clarify and standardize the language shaping modern mobility. Inside, readers will find clear, authoritative definitions encompassing the full spectrum of technologies that enable connected and automated driving—including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This comprehensive resource translates complex engineering terminology into accessible language, enabling engineers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and enthusiasts to share a common technical foundation. Reflecting the latest

Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 4

EPRCOMPV01202512/29/2025

Infrastructure Enablers for Automation: Vol. 4

EPRCOMPV02202512/29/2025

Automated Vehicles: Development, Testing, and Validation: Vol. 4

EPRCOMPV03202512/29/2025

Commercial Vehicles: Vol. 2

EPRCOMPV05202512/29/2025

Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 : Vol. 2

EPRCOMPV06202512/29/2025

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Optimizing Ride Comfort and Stability in In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicles: A Correlated Semi-Active Suspension System with Kalman Filter and Spring-Type Analysis

10-10-04-0030

3/25/2026

This research provides a unique contribution to the field of in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles (EVs) by addressing the challenges associated with the use of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for traction. These motors, integrated into the unsprung masses, increase the rotational inertia of the wheels, reducing ride smoothness on uneven roads. To mitigate this issue, we present an optimal Kalman filter for a magnetorheological (MR) control suspension system that correlates road inputs between the front and rear wheels. This filter significantly improves the estimation accuracy of state variables by incorporating the vertical motion of the motor, along with potential enhancements from wheelbase preview. To determine the most suitable coil spring types for use with MR dampers, we used the WDW-600 computer-controlled electronic universal testing machine to evaluate three coil spring types: constant pitch (model A), variable pitch (model B), and conical spring (model C). To

Gad, Ahmed Shehata, Darakhshan Jabeen, Syeda, El-Zomor, Haytham M., Tolba, Mohamed, Elamy, Mamdouh I.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Modular Transporter Based on Reconfigurable Wheel-Legged Corner Module

10-10-04-0031

3/25/2026

Performing transportation and exploration tasks on rugged terrain requires both high load-bearing capacity and large suspension stroke. However, the corner module configurations applied to challenging terrain have rarely been explored. This article proposes an integrated framework that combines bionic principles with topology graph–based type synthesis. This framework leads to the creation of a reconfigurable wheel-legged mechanism capable of switching between wheeled locomotion and legged gait modes, which is then implemented as a corner module system. First, inspired by the skeletal–muscular system of the equine leg, a structure–function mapping relationship between the biological system and the mechanical system is established. Second, a multi-loop closed-chain mechanism with biomimetic morphology is represented in the form of graph theory. A configuration atlas of the wheel-legged hybrid mechanism is generated based on the contracted graph and open-loop kinematic chains, and

Gao, Zhenhai, Zhang, Hanying, Chen, Guoying, Zhang, Sumin, Han, Zongzhi

Aluminum Alloy, Sheet, 3.5Cu - 1.1Li - 0.50Mg - 0.40Ag - 0.12Zr (2098-T8), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Artificially Aged

AMS4457B (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.125 to 0.249 inch (3.18 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

FITTING REDUCER ASSEMBLY, RING LOCKED, ADAPTER, FLARELESS TO PORT, EXTRA FINE THREADS, 5080 PSI

AS5865B (Current)

3/25/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Aluminum Alloy, Rolled or Cold-Finished, Bars, Rods, and Wire, and Flash-Welded Rings, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061; -T6, -T651)

AMS4117M (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or cold-finished bars, rods, and wire and of flash-welded rings and stock for flash-welded rings.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

BOLT, TEE HEAD - CHAMFERED, PD SHANK NICKEL ALLOY (UNS N07001), 165 KSI MIN UTS .3125-24 UNJF-3A

AS3234B (Current)

3/25/2026

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

Aluminum Alloy, Welding Wire, 7.0Si - 0.52Mg (357)

AMS4246G (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of welding wire.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Castings, Leaded Bronze, Sand and Centrifugal, 80Cu - 10Sn - 9.5Pb, As Cast

AMS4842H (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers a leaded bronze in the form of sand and centrifugal castings (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

FITTING ASSEMBLY, ADAPTER RING LOCKED PORT CONNECTION TO BEAM SEAL 8000 PSI

AS4200C (Current)

3/25/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

10BASE-T1S (UTP and J-UTP) Unshielded Balanced Single Twisted Pair Ethernet Cable

J3117/4_202603 (Current)

3/25/2026

This SAE Standard covers a single Un-Jacketed (UTP) and Jacketed (J-UTP) Balanced Unshielded Twisted Pair data cable intended for use in surface vehicle cables for 10 Mb/s Ethernet shared bus applications. The tests in this document are intended to qualify cables for normal operation in an automotive environment while maintaining the necessary electrical properties for reliable data transmission.

Cable Standards Committee

Heavy Vehicle Controls Prioritization and Conflict Resolution

J3081_202603 (Current)

3/25/2026

This document is written to address acceleration and deceleration control issues related to heavy-duty trucks and buses greater than 10000 GVW.

Truck and Bus Brake Systems Committee

CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, PIN, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-22992 CLASS L CONNECTORS)

AS39029/48B (Current)

3/25/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

SAE TOMORROW TODAY - SAE J3311: Smarter Vehicle Power Management

135603/25/2026

When it comes to today's vehicles, every bit of energy matters. Wasted power can reduce EV driving range, add weight, and increase costs across the supply chain. That's where SAE Standard J3311, comes in. Instead of constantly running systems at full power -- or each automaker using its own proprietary strategy -- SAE J3311 promotes efficient, fine-tuned energy use across the entire vehicle. Listen in as we sit down with SAE J3311 committee members Donald Gignac, Automotive Solutions Architect, Silicon Mobility; Maria Soledad Elli, Sr. Data Scientist, Torc Robotics; and Simone Palombi, Senior Systems Engineer, General Motors, to discuss how creating a common, industry-wide approach to smarter power management can unlock longer range, lighter vehicles, lower costs, and faster innovation across EVs and internal combustion engines alike. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to

Patterson, Lori

Sheet, Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), Molded, Unplasticized

AMS3646E (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers a 100% homopolymer of polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) in the form of molded sheet 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) and under in nominal thickness.

AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee

Chassis Dynamometer Test Procedure - Heavy-Duty Road Vehicles

J2177_202603 (Current)

3/25/2026

This SAE Recommended Practice has been adopted by SAE to specify: A standard procedure for chassis dynamometer testing of heavy-duty road vehicles for the purpose of determining power delivered through the drive tires. A method of correcting observed power to reference test conditions. A method of analyzing the test data to determine if the test results are within expected power ranges.

Engine Power Test Code Committee

BEARING, BALL, AIRFRAME ANTIFRICTION, EXTRA LIGHT DUTY CORROSION-RESISTANT NITROGEN STEEL (CREN)

AS27642/1A (Current)

3/25/2026

ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee

CONNECTORS, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, JAM NUT MOUNTING, FRONT RELEASE, CRIMP CONTACT, AN TYPE

AS34041C (Current)

3/25/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONTACT, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, CONCENTRIC TWINAX, PIN, SIZE 8

AS39029/90D (Current)

3/25/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.30Cb - 1.5Cu (Custom 450), Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardenable

AMS5859G (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Couplings, Clamp, Grooved, V-Band

AS5355C (Current)

3/25/2026

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for a V-band grooved clamp couplings that are intended for use on fluid-line tubing joints, tailpipe joints, and accessory mount joints, on flight vehicles or other attachments. The semi-rigid coupling joint assemblies, hereafter referred to as “the joint”, shall operate within the temperature ranges specified in their applicable part standards.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Aluminum Alloy Castings, 4.6Cu - 0.35Mn - 0.25Mg - 0.22Ti (A206.0-T4), Solution Heat Treated and Naturally Aged

AMS4236E (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sand, investment, permanent mold, and composite mold castings with nominal wall thicknesses of up to 1.0 inch (25.4 mm), inclusive (see 8.8).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

CLAMP, LOOP-CUSHIONED, CRES, HIGH TEMP., .204 HOLE

AS3257B (Current)

3/25/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure

AMS2300N (Current)

3/25/2026

This specification covers steel cleanliness requirements for premium aircraft-quality ferromagnetic steels, including hardenable, corrosion-resistant steels, by magnetic particle inspection methods. This specification contains sampling, sample preparation, inspection procedures, and cleanliness rating criteria (see 8.2).

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Battery Industrial, Lead-Acid Type, for Use in Electric Powered Ground Support Equipment

ARP1817B (Current)

3/25/2026

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes an industrial battery, lead-acid type, for use in electric powered ground support equipment.

AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee

BOLT, TEE HEAD - CHAMFERED, PD SHANK, NICKEL ALLOY, 165 KSI MIN UTS .2500-28 UNJF-3A

AS3233B (Current)

3/25/2026

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

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