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Takeover safety in conditional automation depends heavily on effective Takeover Requests (TORs). This study investigated the implication of the temporal distribution of takeover interface elements (temporal distribution: takeover cues appear first/last, spatial distribution: left/center/right) on driving trust in scenarios with different levels of urgency (low: road construction/high: traffic accidents). The results suggest that driver perceptions of the reliability of an automated driving system during control transitions may be influenced by the temporal characteristics of the distribution of human-machine interface elements. Drivers need to supervise the operation status of the autopilot system, and presenting timely information about the system at critical nodes can help improve driver trust. The central spatial distribution contributes to trust in high emergencies, while the right spatial distribution enhances driver trust more in low emergencies. This study informs takeover
Wu, JianfengLi, Zihan
This study investigates how the maximum platoon size (MaxPS) of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) influences traffic safety within mixed traffic environment on freeway on-ramps. Built upon the SUMO simulation framework, a mixed traffic flow model involving CAV platoons is developed for on-ramp scenarios. This paper examines traffic conditions under varying on-ramp inflow volumes and evaluates upstream speed fluctuations in the merging area. Safety indicators such as Time Exposed Time-to-Collision (TET) and Time-Integrated time-to-Collision (TIT) are employed to assess overall traffic safety. Additionally, collision types are analyzed. Results indicate that under low on-ramp inflow conditions, a moderate MaxPS with low CAV penetration rates significantly enhances safety, whereas a larger MaxPS is preferable with high penetration rates. Under moderate on-ramp inflow, limiting the CAV MaxPS to 2 reduces conflicts. As on-ramp inflow increases further, a MaxPS of 1 or 2 leads to a
Pan, GongyuHuang, YujieXie, Junping
With the continuous development of avionics systems towards greater integration and modularization, traditional aircraft buses such as ARINC 429 and MIL-STD-1553B are increasingly facing challenges in meeting the demanding requirements of next-generation avionics systems. These traditional buses struggle to provide sufficient bandwidth efficiency, real-time performance, and scalability for modern avionics applications. In response to these limitations, AFDX (Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet), a deterministic network architecture based on the ARINC 664 standard, has emerged as a critical solution for enabling high-speed data communication in avionics systems. The AFDX architecture offers several advantages, including a dual-redundant network topology, a Virtual Link (VL) isolation mechanism, and well-defined bandwidth allocation strategies, all of which contribute to its robustness and reliability. However, with the increasing complexity of onboard networks and multi-tasking
Yang, LeiYang, YouzhiWang, ZhaoyiChang, AnZhang, XinLin, Zi
The traffic infrastructure of the National Integrated Multidimensional Transportation Network is a crucial foundational support for building a strong transportation country and a key element in the digital transformation strategy of transportation. This paper focuses on the National Integrated Multi-dimensional Transportation Network and, covering the five sectors of railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation, and postal express, proposes a digital evaluation system for transportation infrastructure. By using an indicator system for the digitalization rate, the study constructs a digitalization rate indicator system for transportation infrastructure through methods such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Historical data from 2013 to 2022 are used for analysis and evaluation. Based on the evaluation results, effective measures and recommendations for the digital transformation of transportation infrastructure are proposed.
Wang, NaLiu, Na
This paper proposes a track circuit interference identification model, which combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer architecture to identify common types of electromagnetic interference in track circuit equipment. The model maps the time-frequency characteristics of the input monitoring signal into high-dimensional features through the deep learning model, and classifies the interference modes. Subsequently, a variety of common interference signals are generated for experimental verification, and the proposed model performs well on the test data. Ablation experiments show that the combination of convolutional neural network and attention mechanism can effectively improve the classification performance of interference.
Wei, ZijunYang, ShiwuDai, MengFeng, QinChu, Shaotong
With the acceleration of urbanization, freeway traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious, especially at entrance ramps, where the concentrated inflow of traffic often leads to increased traffic pressure on the mainline, affecting the overall access efficiency. In order to alleviate the ramp congestion problem, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based intelligent control method for entrance ramps of network-connected vehicles, which adopts Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to optimize the ramp vehicle flow and speed control strategy in real time by constructing a reinforcement learning control framework. In this paper, simulation experiments are conducted in different traffic density scenarios and compared with the traditional reinforcement learning algorithms DQN and A2C. The experimental results show that the PPO algorithm is able to converge quickly in low, medium and high traffic densities, significantly improve the cumulative reward value, and
Yang, Liu
This paper explores riding characteristics of Shared Two-Wheeled Vehicles (STWV, including Shared Bicycles (SB) and Shared Electric Bicycles (SEB)) by using order data of nine cities. We first compute the mean values of three key elements of riding characteristics and make a comparison between different cities. It shows that STWV primarily serve short trips. Then, we use Python to fit the distribution of STWV riding distance and the distribution of SEB riding speed. We find that (1) Exponential distribution fits SB riding distance and Rayleigh distribution fits SEB riding distance. The regularity of the distribution for SB is more universal than that of SEB. (2) Modified standard logistic distribution in this paper fits SEB riding speed. The findings above indicate that SEB is not governed by the rules that govern human dynamics, thus expanding the scope of two-wheeled transportation service and introducing greater uncertainty.
Liu, LuWei, LiyingLuo, Sida
The rapid growth of the civil aviation industry has placed significant pressure on limited airport runway resources, leading to increased taxiing delays and excessive fuel consumption. These challenges are exacerbated by the constant rise in air traffic, which necessitates more efficient management of airport operations. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes a flexible management approach that categorizes busy periods based on airport traffic density, taking into account the fluctuating load demand at different times of the day. This approach ensures that resource allocation aligns with actual traffic conditions, optimizing operational efficiency. Additionally, leveraging the existing dynamic pushback control framework, this research develops a cosine-based dynamic pushback control model, which incorporates parking stand waiting penalties. This model aims to reduce departure costs by dynamically adjusting the pushback rate according to congestion levels. To further optimize the
Wu, YingziLian, GuanLuo, WeizhenLi, WenyongZhao, YeqiZhang, Hao
In order to understand the changes of freeway traffic flow risk,drone videos was used to obtain vehicles trajectories on the freeway, analyzing the spatio-temporal interactions between vehicles, the propagation patterns of traffic conflicts, and the pattern of risk changes. Classify traffic flow states based on three-phase traffic theory. Starting from the frequency and severity of conflicts, the risk characteristics under different traffic flow states was investigated. The fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm was used to determine the risk level. Results indicate that the vehicles in the first lane on the left were more sensitive to the speed changes of the leading vehicles. The deceleration wave is highly consistent with the propagation path of traffic conflicts. When the backward propagation of deceleration waves, the collision risk also propagates backward simultaneously. In the process of transitioning from free flow to synchronized flow, high-risk state accounts for the highest
Ma, XiaolongLiu, JianbeiSun, ZhuWang, Jing
As the importance of railway networks in regional transportation and economic development continues to grow, identifying critical risk nodes and assessing network vulnerability is crucial for enhancing the stability and resilience of railway systems. This study focuses on the railway network of Shandong Province, constructing a topological model to systematically analyze the structural characteristics of the network, with a particular emphasis on key nodes. To identify these critical risk nodes, four modified weighted indicators were employed, combined with the mean-square deviation TOPSIS method to quantify node importance. The analysis identified Jinan, Linyi, and Yantai as key risk nodes, as they consistently ranked high across multiple indicators. Further vulnerability analysis reveals that the failure of these critical nodes would lead to significant declines in network efficiency and connectivity, with particularly high vulnerability observed when nodes with high weighted
Xu, ChangHan, WenFan, HongxianDai, Hongna
With the development of intelligent networking technology and autonomous driving technology, how to efficiently and safely schedule intelligent networked autonomous vehicles at signalless intersections has become a research hotspot in traffic management. Based on this, this article first designs an objective function that considers both intersection traffic efficiency and intersection traffic safety, taking into account constraints such as safe distance, speed, acceleration, etc., and constructs a signal free intersection CAV traffic scheduling model. On this basis, a model solving algorithm based on rolling ant colony algorithm is proposed. Simulation experiments show that compared with typical signal control methods, this method can significantly improve intersection traffic efficiency and reduce the number of conflicts.
Zhao, YingjieLiu, XiaomingMa, ZechaoWang, Yuanrong
In the development of virtual prototyping for rail vehicles, industrial design plays a bridging role between art and engineering. In the present industrial design process, on account of problems such as too many types of software were used and difficulties in model conversion, the research proposes a collaborative design method for industrial design based on the 3DE platform, aiming to establish a unified “3D data mainline” to achieve continuous development of industrial design and engineering design. Taking a certain urban rail vehicle as an example, the industrial design procedure is analyzed, including demand input, rapid modeling, real-time rendering, curve modeling, etc. It is hoped that this method can reduce development costs, shorten the time cycle, and improve work efficiency in the development process of virtual prototyping for rail vehicles.
Ji, XiranHuang, ShuoWang, ChuweiSun, Bowen
min
Wang, JieYang, YueChen, XinCui, Jiaxing
Large-spacing truck platooning offers a balance between operational safety and fuel savings. To enhance its performance in windy environments, this study designs a control system integrating both longitudinal and lateral motions. The longitudinal control module regulates the inter-vehicle spacing within a desired range while generating a fuel-optimal torque profile by minimizing unnecessary decelerations and accelerations. The lateral control module ensures lateral stability and maintains alignment between the trucks to achieve the expected fuel savings. A two-truck platoon is simulated with a 3-sec time gap under varying wind conditions, using experimental data from the on-road cooperative truck platooning trials conducted in Canada. The control system effectively remains spacing errors within the preset safety buffer and limits lateral offsets to 0.07 m, ensuring safe and stable platooning in windy environments. Additionally, the smoother speed profiles and reduced lateral offsets
Jiang, LuoShahbakhti, Mahdi
Real-time traffic congestion prediction is essential for proactive traffic management, as it enhances the responsiveness of traffic systems, including route guidance, control, and enforcement. However, the heavy reliance on extensive historical data presents a significant challenge for real-time model updates. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes an advanced online learning framework that integrates a multi-head attention mechanism with LSTM-based ensemble learning. This approach incorporates traffic congestion factors as input features and employs average delay per kilometer as the predictive output. The experimental findings indicate that: 1) the proposed approach successfully enables real-time traffic congestion forecasting, and 2) it demonstrates strong adaptability in dynamic traffic environments.
Fu, ChuanyunLiu, JiamingLu, ZhaoyouWumaierjiang, AyinigeerLiu, HuahuaBai, Wei
It is necessary to save fuel, shorten flight time and reduce cost in order to achieve maximum economic benefits. In this paper, based on the flight performance of aircraft, a database based on the optimal index of fuel saving is established, and the corresponding four dimension (4D) trajectory prediction information and vertical profile are generated on this basis. Finally, the vertical guidance simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm can reduce air traffic congestion and improve airport operation efficiency while saving fuel.
Hui, HuihuiLi, Zhiyi
Objective:Methods:Results:Conclusion:
Sun, KeWan, QianLiu, QianqianLi, Qiuling
To address the challenges of balancing detection accuracy and real-time performance in complex traffic scenarios for vehicle-mounted embedded platforms and road monitoring, this paper proposes YOLOv10n-FTAS, an optimized lightweight detection framework based on YOLOv10n. The main innovations include: (1) Designing a C2f-Faster-EAMA module in the backbone network that enhances feature representation through channel-spatial cooperative attention mechanisms; (2) Proposing a novel statistics-enhanced attention mechanism (Token Statistics-enhanced PSA, TS-PSA) by integrating Token Statistics Self-Attention; (3) Constructing a Dynamic Sample-Attention Scale Fusion module (DS-ASF) that achieves multi-scale feature fusion through deformable convolution and adaptive sampling strategies; (4) Adopting Shape-IoU loss function with geometric constraints to optimize bounding box regression. Experimental results demonstrate: The improved model reduces parameters and computations to 5.5M and 5.8G
Niu, JigaoJin, Kunming
In the future battlefield, logistics UAVs will play an increasingly important role. The development of logistics UAVs abroad is rapid. Sort out the current development status of logistics UAVs in countries such as the United States, Russia, Israel, and Ukraine, including mission tasks, functional characteristics, and main performance indicators. In addition, the future technological trends of logistics UAVs are studied and predicted. Firstly, diversification of functions, which logistics UAVs will achieve diversified functions in the future, such as material transportation, aerial refueling, unmanned mother aircraft, and transfer of wounded personnel; Secondly, intelligent commendation and control, which logistics UAVs pursue the optimal efficiency in the four steps of ordering, dispatching, delivering, and evaluating in the “food delivery” mode; Finally, resource collaboration. In the collaborative logistics mode of “free riding”, logistics UAVs over a wide area are interconnected
Zhai, JundaLiu, DaweiBai, QiangqiangHua, JinxingWang, XiaoyueYang, JianZou, XiaoyingGao, Yuxuan
With the rapid development of metro network operation, metro passenger flow congestion propagation occurs frequently. Accurately modeling passenger flow congestion propagation is crucial for alleviating metro passenger flow congestion and formulating corresponding control strategies. Traditional modeling methods struggle to effectively capture the complex spatiotemporal dependency relationships in metro networks. To improve the accuracy of congestion propagation modeling, this paper proposes a Dynamic Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network (DSTGCN). The model integrates node attributes and temporal encoding through a dynamic adjacency matrix generation module, uses multi-head attention mechanisms to adaptively learn the time-varying propagation intensity between nodes, and combines static topology to construct dynamic adjacency matrices. A multi-scale spatiotemporal feature extraction module is designed, employing temporal convolution and spatial attention mechanisms to mine
Chen, BeijiaWang, JunhangShao, Jiayu
This paper integrates the theoretical models of Transformer and BiGRU to construct the Transformer BiGRU Global Attention model, with the aim of enhancing the model’s ability to extract key information. Through the implementation of a cross-attention mechanism to amalgamate features and enhance feature representation, the model attains exact prediction of main engine fuel consumption for vessels. Compared to the Transformer and BiGRU models, our model achieves 86% higher prediction accuracy, enabling more accurate prediction of ship main engine fuel consumption. This furnishes data support for the purpose of comparison with original factory data, thereby facilitating the assessment of engine fault conditions.
Liu, ZicongZhang, DefuLv, HongbinZhu, Wei
In order to meet the high lightweight and transmission accuracy requirements of a certain airborne system, the seat ring bearing adopts a lightweight material 4-point contact ball slewing bearing. However, the non-linear contact of a large number of balls during the working process of the seat ring makes simulation difficult, and ball damage often occurs in previous experiments. Based on the bearing capacity of the shaft, the influence of uneven load transmission of the ball on the response was considered. The response of the bearing under shooting and airdrop landing impact loads was calculated and analyzed using multi rigid body and finite element methods, respectively. The results indicate that under the impact load, the stress on the ball has exceeded the yield limit of the material, resulting in irreversible plastic deformation. The plastic deformation morphology is basically consistent with the damage morphology of the test ball, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation
Zhang, TaipingNing, BianfangWang, HuatingFan, He
The aircraft environmental envelope, also known as the temperature-altitude envelope, is an important design basis and verification benchmark for aircraft structure and system design, as well as the environmental tolerance of airborne equipments. It is also one of the important operational restrictions required by airworthiness regulations for civil aircraft. This article proposes guiding principles and methods for the design of typical aircraft environmental envelope by constructing a model that matches the atmospheric environment model with the aircraft design constraints, providing reference for the design of environmental envelope for civil aircraft models.
Yang, Yang
Because regular rear wings on race cars cannot meet all aerodynamic needs, this study tests a new active rear wing on a formula racing car. First, the paper explains the design and key features of the new wing, showing how it helps improve airflow and downforce. Then, the study builds a model of the racing car in Carsim software and adds the new wing to test its performance. After that, simulations compare the new wing to traditional ones, focusing on speed, grip, and handling. The results prove that the new wing makes the car faster and more stable in corners. This means the active rear wing is a better solution than fixed wings, and it could be useful for future race car designs.
Yu, Wanbo