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Vertical Flight Society Technical Papers - Coming Soon to Mobilus

Vertical Flight Society papers coming soon to SAE Mobilus. In partnership with the Vertical Flight Society (VFS), SAE Mobilus will be hosting more than 17,000 technical papers and proceedings from VFS. Click here to see a sample of the content covering decades of rotorcraft and vertical flight technologies.

Important Update – Accessibility Enhancements on SAE Mobilus

We’re pleased to share that SAE Mobilus has recently completed a comprehensive set of accessibility improvements across the platform. As a result, Mobilus is now aligned with WCAG 2.2 Level AA standards in most key categories. These updates are part of our ongoing commitment to ensuring the platform is accessible to all users. Enhancements include improvements to keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, visual contrast, error handling, and overall usability across core areas of the site. An updated Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT v2.5 – March 2026) is now available, providing a detailed overview of our accessibility conformance. You can access the VPAT directly within the Help section. Accessibility is a continuous effort. We will continue to evaluate and improve the platform to better support all users and meet evolving standards. If you have any feedback or experience any accessibility issues, we welcome your input. - The SAE Mobilus Team

SAE AI Chat — Update and What's Next

* Important Update - SAE AI chatbot Beta program * The SAE AI Chatbot Beta program - Phase 1 will end on March 31, 2026. Following this date, the AI chatbot capabilities will be temporarily unavailable as we begin development of a significantly enhanced version. We sincerely thank all Phase 1 Beta participants for their engagement and valuable feedback - your insights have played an important role in shaping the next phase of this experience. The upcoming version of the SAE AI Chatbot will expand content coverage beyond current standards, incorporating additional critical resources from our digital library. It will also be made available to a broader audience across Mobilus. Want to be part of what's next? Register your interest here to receive updates and be considered for early access. For additional information, visit the FAQs. — The Mobilus Team

SAE International Digitization and AI Policy

SAE International prohibits the entry of SAE Content into any form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, OpenAI, or Microsoft Copilot. Additionally, creating derivatives of SAE Content using AI is also prohibited without express written permission from SAE International. In the case of such use, SAE International will suspend access to SAE Content, and further legal action will be considered.

Welcome to the new SAE Mobilus®

Welcome to the new era of SAE Mobilus®, redesigned with a modern, intuitive web interface featuring enhanced search capabilities to help you stay informed and easily discover content. Login today: To access content within your subscription and make the most of the platform, please log into your subscription and your personal My Library (sign up is free) located in the top right corner of the screen. Key Features Intuitive User Interface: We've listened to our customers and tied this to the best practices in the industry to offer an improved, intuitive, and desirable website experience for our users. Improved In-app Discoverability: Enhanced search and expanded menu featuring search suggestions that allow for quick discovery of content. Announcements: Stay up to date on new features through a dedicated announcements page. Most recent announcements also get featured on the homepage. Enhanced Browse capabilities: Browse through over 200,000 publications that are now classified into categories commonly used across the industry. Deep-dive further into any topic or sub-topic of interest to make the most for your corporate projects or research. Smart Automation: "Meta Tags" on each result will help you find content related to your search. My Library: My dashboard is rebranded as My Library with powerful features to help you make the most out of the platform Mobile Friendly: Upgraded navigation on mobile devices Training Available SAE’s Customer Success team is dedicated to delivering the best platform experience possible. Through monthly trainings and short, on-demand video tutorials, find answers to your questions here: SAE Mobilus Spotlight training - Available monthly, hosted live by SAE’s Customer Success team Mobilus Minute – 2-minute videos, available on-demand Need some troubleshooting help? Access our FAQs by visiting our Help section: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/home Resources to help you navigate the new platform are available here, where you can find links to quick start guides and video tutorials on features like My Library, Announcements, Saved Search, Login and new features. Have feedback that you'd like to share with us? Please submit your feedback to the Mobilus team through the blue Knowledge bot in the bottom right hand corner of the new platform.

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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response

EPR202501711/24/2025

The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the

Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles

EPR20250159/22/2025

The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and

Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering

EPR20250169/22/2025

Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and

Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features

EPR20250138/13/2025

Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and

Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots

EPR20250128/13/2025

The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable

Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles

EPR20250147/18/2025

Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and

Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

EPR20250115/21/2025

Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even

Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility

EPR20250095/20/2025

With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial

Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management

EPR20250085/20/2025

The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and

Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Dedicated Lanes

EPR20250074/24/2025

Dedicated lanes provide a simpler operating environment for ADS-equipped vehicles than those shared with other roadway users including human drivers, pedestrians, and bicycles. This final report in the Automation and Infrastructure series discusses how and when various types of lanes whether general purpose, managed, or specialty lanes might be temporarily or permanently reserved for ADS-equipped vehicles. Though simulations and economic analysis suggest that widespread use of dedicated lanes will not be warranted until market penetration is much higher, some US states and cities are developing such dedicated lanes now for limited use cases and other countries are planning more extensive deployment of dedicated lanes. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure: Dedicated Lanes includes a review of practices across the US as well as case studies from the EU and UK, the Near East, Japan, Singapore, and Canada. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

Browse All 16

Passenger Vehicle Systems

Electrified Vehicles

Advances and Current Practices in Mobility

Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy

Connected and Automated Vehicles

Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy

Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH

Transportation Safety

Alternative Powertrains

Materials and Manufacturing

Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems

Recent Books

Browse All 722

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume I

B-994_VOLUME17/1/2026

The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2026 supersedes MMPDS-25 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume II

B-994_VOLUME27/1/2026

Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2026 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2026 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.

1D and MultiD Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation Second Edition

R-5805/29/2026

The internal combustion (IC) engine remains the most widely used thermal machine in the world and will continue to play a central role in global mobility for decades to come. Even as alternative powertrains expand, optimized IC engines—often integrated within hybrid and electrified architectures—are essential to achieving low fuel consumption, near-zero pollutant emissions, and reduced carbon dioxide output. Advances in combustion strategies, synthetic fuels, turbocharging, and aftertreatment systems are driving this evolution. This fully revised and expanded second edition reflects the rapid progress made in engine modeling and simulation over the past two decades. One-dimensional (1D), three-dimensional (3D), and coupled 1D–3D modeling techniques have become indispensable tools in modern engine design, enabling engineers to evaluate performance, efficiency, and emissions through advanced virtual engine environments. Bringing together contributions from leading international

Variable Compression Systems for Future Engines and Fuels

R-5534/30/2026

Variable Compression Engines: Enabling Net Zero explores variable compression ratio (VCR): one of the most promising—and historically elusive—advancements in internal combustion engine (ICE) technology. Long recognized for its thermodynamic benefits, VCR has challenged engineers for decades due to its mechanical complexity. Today, as the global mobility landscape demands ever higher efficiency, lower emissions, and greater fuel flexibility, VCR has emerged as a viable and transformative solution. This book delivers a comprehensive and authoritative examination of VCR technology, quantifying its efficiency and CO2-reduction potential while surveying the wide range of mechanisms conceived, developed, and tested over more than a century of engine innovation. By combining historical insight with modern analysis, the authors reveal the remarkable ingenuity of past and present engine designers—and demonstrate that VCR is not only feasible, but increasingly essential. Positioned squarely

Aerospace Standards Index - 2026

ASIN20262/25/2026

This valuable resource lists all Aerospace Standards (AS), Aerospace Recommended Practices (ARP), Aerospace Information Reports (AIR), and Aerospace Resource Documents (ARD) published by SAE. Each listing includes title, subject, document number, key words, new and revised documents, and DODISS-adopted documents. AMS Index - Now Available!

Business Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering, Volume 4

R-5522/17/2026

In a world where every business process is under pressure to perform faster, safer, and more reliably, this book delivers a powerful roadmap for sustained operational excellence. Centered on the proven methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE), it shows how organizations can move beyond reactive problem-solving to systematic reliability growth. From well-defined standard operating practices to management-level decision-making, the book connects strategy, data, and execution to create repeatable, measurable results across the enterprise. Readers are guided through practical, real-world applications of DOE, from selecting the right factors and levels to executing robust experiments, analyzing outcomes, validating solutions, and continuously monitoring performance. Each chapter translates complex statistical and engineering concepts into actionable business value, helping teams improve quality, reduce waste, and increase return on investment. Key capabilities explored in this book

January 2026 AMS Index

AMSJAN-20261/24/2026

Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels

R-5471/22/2026

As global energy demands rise and environmental challenges intensify, the aviation industry faces a critical need to redefine how it powers the skies. Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels presents a comprehensive, research-driven exploration of the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable alternatives that promise to reshape the future of air transportation. This book bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial application, offering a detailed overview of the science, technology, and policy driving the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). From understanding feedstocks and conversion pathways to evaluating production technologies, emissions performance, and life-cycle impacts, the text equips readers with a holistic understanding of SAFs within today’s global energy landscape. Across five insightful chapters, readers will find a clear roadmap: the evolution and importance of SAFs; production methods and technological foundations; environmental

SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles

R-5591/20/2026

The convergence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies is ushering in a transformative era of automotive innovation—one that is fundamentally enhancing vehicle safety, efficiency, reliability, and the overall driving experience. SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles stands as the definitive reference for this rapidly evolving domain, meticulously compiled to clarify and standardize the language shaping modern mobility. Inside, readers will find clear, authoritative definitions encompassing the full spectrum of technologies that enable connected and automated driving—including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This comprehensive resource translates complex engineering terminology into accessible language, enabling engineers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and enthusiasts to share a common technical foundation. Reflecting the latest

Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 4

EPRCOMPV01202512/29/2025

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Reverse Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) Testing Summary

J3339_202607 (Current)

7/14/2026

This SAE Information Report provides a broad summary of existing Reverse Automatic Emergency Braking test protocols to help assess whether additional test protocols are needed. Eventually, the task force may develop additional protocols to support testing of Reverse Automatic Emergency Braking systems.

Active Safety and Driver Support Systems Standards Committee

RESS Cell Package Integrity Requirements and Tests

J3337_202607 (Current)

7/14/2026

This recommended practice (RP) presents a methodology to evaluate RESS Cells Closure Integrity (Leak Tightness) requirement. This RP applies to two types of RESS Cells, each containing liquid electrolyte: Lithium ion (Li-ion) Cells and Sodium ion (Na-ion) Cells. The Equivalent Channel Method is used as a suggested cell closure integrity requirement for a given RESS Cell design during its production and product validation phases. The Closure Integrity requirements intended to assure no electrolyte leakage and no excessive moisture ingress during the usage of these cells as part of the RESS (Battery Pack), which is crucial to assure the safety and performance of these RESS. This RP specifies non-destructive Integrity (leak) testing processes of the Cell Closure. It describes approved leak testing technologies, testing procedures, tooling requirements, and leak test systems validation/verification requirements. This document may be applied to RESS Cell Closure Integrity testing during

Battery Standards Testing Committee

CVJ Efficiency Test Recommended Practice

J3249_202607 (Current)

7/14/2026

This recommended practice describes the procedure to measure and report the operating efficiency for all types of constant velocity joints (including fixed and plunging/end motion type joints) used in cars, SUVs, and trucks. This includes halfshaft as well as propshaft applications. This does not apply to non-CV joints. Rotational inertia is not considered within the scope of this recommended practice. This recommended practice provides a common method to quantify and report the operating efficiency characteristics of a CVJ. This practice does not apply to parasitic losses (spin loss, churning loss, or zero torque loss) as experienced on deactivated AWD/4WD systems. The losses in this condition are significantly less and require higher accuracy than what is required in this recommended practice.

Drivetrain Standards Committee

Storage Batteries for Start-Stop Operations

J3012_202607 (Current)

7/14/2026

This SAE Standard applies to 12-volt lead-acid storage batteries that are designed specifically for start-stop operations in on-road passenger vehicles or light trucks. Included are definitions of terms, general testing recommendations, key performance characteristics, and life testing. Properties not unique to start-stop batteries should be tested according to SAE J537 or other applicable testing protocols.

Start-Stop Battery Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, CRIMP TYPE, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL, COUPLING, SERIES 2 (CLASS E AND J)

AS31401B (Current)

7/13/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Metallic Reinforced, Up to 1500 psi and 450 °F, Hydraulic and Pneumatic

AS1946G (Current)

7/13/2026

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, metallic reinforced, hose assemblies suitable for use in aerospace hydraulic, fuel, and lubricating oil systems at temperatures between -67 and 450 °F for Class I assemblies, -67 and 275 °F for Class II assemblies, and at nominal pressures up to 1500 psi. The hose assemblies are also suitable for use within the same temperature and pressure limitations in aerospace pneumatic systems where some gaseous diffusion through the wall of the PTFE liner can be tolerated. The use of these hose assemblies in pneumatic storage systems is not recommended. In addition, installations in which the limits specified herein are exceeded, or in which the application is not covered specifically by this standard (for example, oxygen), shall be subject to the approval of the procuring activity.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

R134a and R1234yf Refrigerant Charge Determination Test Method

J3023_202607 (Current)

7/13/2026

The purpose of this document is to establish guidelines for determining the critical R134a and R1234yf refrigerant charge for off-road, self-propelled work machines as defined in SAE J1116 and agricultural tractors as defined in ANSI/ASAE S390. It will develop a minimum to maximum refrigerant charge range in which the HVAC system can maintain proper operation. Operating conditions and characteristics of the equipment will influence the optimum charge. Since these conditions and characteristics vary greatly from one application to another, careful consideration should be taken to determine the optimum R134a and R1234yf refrigerant charge for the HVAC system.

HFTC6, Operator Accommodation

Automatic Synthetic Road Network Drivability Evaluation

2026-01-5042

7/13/2026

Simulation plays a significant role in the validation and verification of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). In a scenario-based validation strategy, the road and the actions of the traffic participants must be captured in a portable and flexible format for simulation. XML-based parametric models constitute a common combination upon which the static and dynamic aspects of the environment are captured. Although there are plenty of tools for generating these XML files there are few alternatives to verify their content. This paper suggests a method for converting and simplifying a synthetic road network into a graph for which the Chinese Postman Problem is solved. The resulting sequence can be converted back into a route that can be sampled to verify the drivability of the whole network. Once the network is verified, it can be safely used for simulation, increasing the speed at which ADS systems are developed. The graph representation can also be used to provide interactive feedback to LLMs

Vargas Rivero, Jose Roberto, Kern, Andreas, Menken, Stefan, Harth, Michael, Kuipou, Franck Russel

Validation and Exploration of Multimodal Deep-Learning Camera–LiDAR Calibration Models

2026-01-5037

7/13/2026

This paper presents an innovative study in exploring, evaluating, and implementing deep-learning architectures for the calibration of multimodal sensor systems. The aim of this paper is to leverage the use of sensor fusion to achieve dynamic, real-time alignment between 3D LiDAR and 2D camera sensors. Static calibration methods are tedious and time-consuming, which is why we propose utilizing conventional neural networks (CNNs) coupled with geometrically informed learning to solve this issue. We leverage the foundational principles of extrinsic LiDAR–camera calibration tools such as RegNet, CalibNet, and LCCNet by exploring open-source models that are available online and compare our results with their corresponding research papers. Requirements for extracting these visual and measurable outputs involved tweaking source code, fine-tuning, training, validation, and testing of each of these frameworks for equal comparisons. This approach aims to investigate which of these advanced

Karramreddy, Venkat Sai Raxit, Mitchell, Liam

Drop Impact Phenomena: An Experimental Study of Isooctane Interaction with Dry Walls and Liquid Films

2026-01-5015

7/13/2026

In this study, high-speed back-illuminated imaging and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) methods were employed to investigate the impingement behavior of millimeter-sized single isooctane drops on a dry solid wall and various liquid films, including isooctane and glycerol solution films of different concentrations. Various fuel spray impingement scenarios in gasoline direct injection engines were examined. High-speed back-illuminated imaging was primarily used to examine the impact of fuel drops on a dry wall and a fuel film of the same composition as the drops. The LIF method was used to examine the impact of fuel drops on the glycerol solution film, allowing for the distinction between fuel drops and the glycerol solution film. The impingement behavior varied depending on the Weber number of the incident drop and the wall condition. When fuel drops impacted the solid dry wall vertically, they spread into a circular liquid film. The outer edge of the liquid film folded and bulged, and

Yang, Tian, Lu, Lili, Guo, Zongwei, Song, Enzhe, Yao, Chong, Ning, Yilin, Ke, Yun

Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging Stock, 4.1Cr - 3.4Ni - 4.2Mo - 1.2V (0.11 - 0.15C) (M50 NIL), Premium Aircraft-Quality for Bearing Applications, Double Vacuum Melted

AMS6278G (Current)

7/13/2026

This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Carbon Fiber and Fiberglass Epoxy Prepreg Products with 350 °F (177 °C) Cure for Aerospace Applications

AMS6891B (Current)

7/13/2026

The intent of this specification is for the procurement of carbon fiber and fiberglass epoxy prepreg products with 350 °F (177 °C) cure for aerospace applications; therefore, no qualification or equivalency threshold values are provided. Users that intend to conduct a new material qualification or equivalency program must refer to the production quality assurance section (see 4.3) of this base specification, AMS6891.

AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, CRIMP TYPE, JAM NUT MOUNTING, PUSH-PULL, COUPLING, SERIES 2 (CLASS E AND J)

AS31441B (Current)

7/13/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

BEARING, BALL, AIRFRAME, ANTIFRICTION, DOUBLE ROW, HEAVY DUTY

AS27644E (Current)

7/13/2026

ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE I, TERMINAL, HAND OR POWER ACTUATED, WIRE TERMINATION, PNEUMATIC TOOL FOR AS22520/7 POSITIONERS, USE FOR WIRE BARREL SIZES 16 AND SMALLER

AS22520/49 (Current)

7/13/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

On Disturbance-Aware Minimum-Time Trajectory Planning: Evidence from Tests on a Dynamic Driving Simulator

10-10-03-0026

7/13/2026

This work aims to investigate how disturbance-aware, robustness-embedding reference trajectories translate into actual driving performance when executed by professional drivers in a dynamic driving simulator. The study compares three planned reference trajectories against a free-driving baseline (NO-REF) to assess the trade-offs between lap time (LT) performance and steering effort: NOM, the nominal time-optimal trajectory; TLC, a track-limit-robust, time-optimal trajectory obtained by tightening margins to the track edges; and FLC, a friction-limit-robust, time-optimal trajectory obtained by tightening against axle/tire saturation. All reference trajectories share the same minimum LT objective with a small steering-smoothness regularizer, and are evaluated with two professional drivers driving a high-performance car on a virtual track. The reference trajectories stem from a disturbance-aware minimum-LT framework recently proposed by some of the authors, where worst-case disturbance

Masoni, Matteo, Palermo, Vincenzo, Gabiccini, Marco, Gulisano, Martino, Previati, Giorgio, Gobbi, Massimiliano, Comolli, Francesco, Mastinu, Gianpiero, Guiggiani, Massimo

Risk Assessment after Tin Whisker Observation

ARP7505 (Current)

7/13/2026

This document contains information and guidance on assessment of the risk posed by observed tin whiskers for aerospace, defense, and high-performance (ADHP) products or other products that demand high reliability.

G-24 Pb-free Risk Management Committee for ADHP

Titanium Alloy Extrusions and Flash-Welded Rings, 8Al - 1Mo - 1V, Solution Heat Treated and Stabilized

AMS4933H (Current)

7/13/2026

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of extruded bars, tubes, and shapes, flash-welded rings up through 4.000 square inches (25.81 cm2) cross section, and stock for flash-welded rings (see 8.6).

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Carbon Fiber Fabric Repair Prepreg, 120 °C (250 °F) Vacuum Curing, Part 2 - Qualification Program for Fiber, Fabric, Carbon Prepreg, Film Adhesive, and Non-Structural Glass Prepreg

AMS3970/2B (Current)

7/13/2026

AMS3970/2B gives specific information about the qualification program for carbon fiber fabric reinforced epoxy structural repair prepreg systems, curing under vacuum at 120 °C (250 °F), and a companion non-structural glass fabric prepreg used for repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures. The prepreg system shall include an epoxy film adhesive to be applied in a co-curing process with the prepreg for joint solid laminate and sandwich bonding.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, Rings, and Forging or Ring Stock, 54Ni - 22Cr - 12.5Co - 9.0Mo - 1.2Al, (Alloy 617), Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Remelted Annealed

AMS5887F (Current)

7/13/2026

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash-welded rings under 4 inches (102 mm) in least cross-sectional dimension, and stock of any size for forging or flash-welded rings (see 8.3).

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Carbon Fiber Fabric Repair Prepreg, 120 °C (250 °F) Vacuum Curing, Part 5 - Purchasing Specification for Companion Non-Structural Glass Fiber Fabric Prepreg

AMS3970/5A (Current)

7/13/2026

This Purchase Specification (PS), AMS3970/5, specifies the batch release and delivery requirements for the companion non-structural glass fiber fabric prepreg. This specification also defines the procedure and requirements for storage life extension of materials purchased against this specification. It is only applicable for materials which are qualified and shall be carried out within the responsibility of the purchaser and under control of its Quality organization.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Carbon Fiber Fabric Repair Prepreg, 120 °C (250 °F) Vacuum Curing, Part 4 - Purchasing Specification for Film Adhesive

AMS3970/4B (Current)

7/13/2026

This Purchasing Specification (PS) AMS3970/4 specifies the batch release and delivery requirements for film adhesive used for repair. This specification is applicable only when the film adhesive is used as part of the prepreg system as defined in AMS3970 and AMS3970/1. This specification also defines the procedure and requirements for storage life extension of materials purchased against this specification. It is only applicable for materials which are qualified and shall be carried out within the responsibility of the purchaser and under control of its Quality organization.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Beaded Ends for Hose Connections and Hose Fittings

J1231_202607 (Current)

7/13/2026

This SAE Standard provides general and dimensional specifications for beaded ends and hose fittings. These connections are intended for general applications in low-pressure automotive and hydraulic systems on automotive, industrial, and commercial products. The fittings shown are designed to be used with hoses that are intended to be retained by hose clamps. It is recommended that where step sizes or additional types of fittings are required they be designed to conform with the specifications of this document insofar as they may apply. The following general specifications shall supplement the dimensional data contained in the tables with respect to all unspecified detail.

Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee

Carbon Fiber Fabric Repair Prepreg, 120 °C (250 °F) Vacuum Curing, Part 3 - Purchasing Specification for Carbon Prepreg

AMS3970/3B (Current)

7/13/2026

This Purchasing Specification (PS), AMS3970/3, specifies the batch release and delivery requirements for carbon fiber fabric epoxy prepreg used for repair. This specification is applicable only when the carbon fiber fabric epoxy prepreg is used as part of the repair system defined in AMS3970 and AMS3970/1. This specification also defines the procedure and requirements for storage life extension of materials purchased against this specification. It is only applicable for materials that are qualified against AMS3970 (refer to PRI QPL AMS3970) and shall be carried out within the responsibility of the purchaser and under control of its Quality organization.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Sealing Compound, Flame Resistant, Non-Silicone

AMS3381D (Current)

7/13/2026

This specification covers non-silicone synthetic rubber sealing compounds supplied as a two-component or pre-mixed and frozen (PMF) system that cures at room temperature.

AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee

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