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Dear patrons, We’re excited to introduce SAE AI Chat – a new AI-powered feature now available in beta on Mobilus. With SAE AI Chat, you can: Ask natural language questions and receive responses derived from 12,000+ SAE standards Save time searching through extensive technical documents Summarize text and discover connections between different topics or publications The feature is currently in beta development phase and may have limitations. How to Get Access? This beta release is currently available only to a limited number of users. To request access: Visit our Signup Page Complete the form (< 2 minutes) We'll notify you if you've been selected for the beta program with instructions to login. We'll be rolling out access starting towards end of June 2025, so we encourage you to sign up promptly if you're interested. Have Questions? Visit the FAQs section or contact us for additional information. - The Mobilus Team

[ARCHIVED] Attn.: System maintenance @ 6 PM ET, April 15, 2025

Last updated: April 16, 2025, 09.11 AM ET Date posted (original message): April 15, 2025, 12.10 PM ET UPDATE: The maintenance work has been completed and the website is back up and running again. Thank you for your patience. ORIGINAL MESSAGE: Please note that this evening beginning at 6pm ET, we will be performing network maintenance on pieces of the core network infrastructure. We expect this work to last for 1 hour. During this period, access to Mobilus may be impacted and the site may be unreachable during this time. We will update once the maintenance activities have been completed. - The Mobilus team

[ARCHIVED] Experience WCX for Free—Expo Pass + Keynote Insights!

Join us at WCX 2025, where the future of mobility takes center stage! Get your FREE Expo Pass to explore groundbreaking technology, connect with industry leaders, and hear from visionary keynote speakers from Woven by Toyota, Stellantis, and Intel Automotive. For more information, visit: wcx.sae.org

[Resolved] Service notice - System issues

Update: Issue has been resolved. Please reach out to CustomerService@sae.org if you have any questions. -- Hello, Please be aware that we are currently experiencing system issues / slowness on the platform, and our teams are working diligently to resolve the issue as quickly as possible. We apologize for any inconvenience and appreciate your patience and understanding. Thank you for your continued support. Best regards, The Mobilus Team

[ARCHIVED] Counter Reports Issue - Fixed

Last updated: November 11, 2024 [LATEST UPDATE] The issue has been fixed and Counter reports are now accessible through the portal. Usage data until the previous month (i.e. October 2024) can be pulled in reports. Useful links: FAQs: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/counter-usage-reports Mobilus Minute video on Counter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45s8S3ixURk Thank you for your patience and understanding. - The Mobilus team -- [PREVIOUS MESSAGE HISTORY] Original announcement: Please note that Counter Database Reports and Title Reports are currently experiencing technical issues, and our team is working on restoring all functionality as soon as possible. We have disabled usage data extraction, while we're looking into the issue. If you need immediate access to usage reporting, please reach out to your SAE Mobilus sales representative. Thank you for your patience, and we apologize for the inconvenience.

[ARCHIVED] Important Notice: Sunset of Mobilus 3.0

[LATEST UPDATE] The legacy version of Mobilus (Mobilus 3.0) has now been officially sunset. Thank you for your valuable feedback and continued support in helping to improve Mobilus. - The Mobilus team -- [PREVIOUS MESSAGE HISTORY] IMPORTANT UPDATE: Sunset of Mobilus 3.0 (legacy version) We would like to inform you of an important update regarding SAE Mobilus - As part of our ongoing commitment to enhancing your experience, the legacy version of the platform (Mobilus 3.0) will be phased out on October 31, 2024. The current website with the newly redesigned interface introduced back in April, featuring an intuitive interface, improved search capabilities, advanced search, and in-depth browsing capabilities, will continue to remain operational going forward to support your needs. What You Need to Know: Last Day of Service (Mobilus 3.0): October 31, 2024 Content Access: You will retain access to all subscribed content through your institutional subscription. Personal Preferences Migration: While most settings tied to your Dasboard in Mobilus 3.0 (alerts, annotations, folders) will transfer over to the new platform, saved searches will not be retained and will need to be recreated in the new platform through your complimentary My Library account. Access the New Platform: Your institutional preferences around login (IP authentication, SSO, username/password) will be retained. We appreciate your understanding during this transition. Thank you for your continued support. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us. Answers to common questions / FAQs are accessible here. Best regards, The Mobilus Team SAE International

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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response

EPR202501711/24/2025

The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the

Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering

EPR202501609/22/2025

Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and

Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles

EPR202501509/22/2025

The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and

Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots

EPR202501208/13/2025

The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable

Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features

EPR202501308/13/2025

Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and

Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles

EPR202501407/18/2025

Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and

Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

EPR202501105/21/2025

Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even

Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility

EPR202500905/20/2025

With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial

Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management

EPR202500805/20/2025

The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and

Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Dedicated Lanes

EPR202500704/24/2025

Dedicated lanes provide a simpler operating environment for ADS-equipped vehicles than those shared with other roadway users including human drivers, pedestrians, and bicycles. This final report in the Automation and Infrastructure series discusses how and when various types of lanes whether general purpose, managed, or specialty lanes might be temporarily or permanently reserved for ADS-equipped vehicles. Though simulations and economic analysis suggest that widespread use of dedicated lanes will not be warranted until market penetration is much higher, some US states and cities are developing such dedicated lanes now for limited use cases and other countries are planning more extensive deployment of dedicated lanes. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure: Dedicated Lanes includes a review of practices across the US as well as case studies from the EU and UK, the Near East, Japan, Singapore, and Canada. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

Browse All 16

Passenger Vehicle Systems

Electrified Vehicles

Advances and Current Practices in Mobility

Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy

Connected and Automated Vehicles

Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy

Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH

Transportation Safety

Alternative Powertrains

Commercial Vehicles

Engines

Materials and Manufacturing

Fuels and Lubricants

Aerospace

Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems

Recent Books

Browse All 711

The Racing & High-Performance Tire

R-59412/17/2025

The Racing & High-Performance Tire originally published in 2003 and continues to be a best-seller. Following up on his first two books, Inside Racing Technology and Inside Racing: A Season with the PacWest CART Team, Paul Haney presents a new book revealing the complexities of tires, how they influence vehicle dynamics, and how to use tires in the engineering of racing and high-performance cars. More than 150 photos and drawings help the reader learn the colorful history and unique characteristics that make the pneumatic tire one of the world's most complex and useful products.

Manufacturing Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering Volume III

R-55112/11/2025

As the third installment in SAE International's DOE for Product Reliability Growth series, this volume explores the critical intersection of manufacturing processes, reliability, and profitability in automotive engineering. With a sharp focus on innovation, cost-efficiency, and customer satisfaction, this book demonstrates how design of experiments (DOE) methodologies can transform product quality through smarter manufacturing decisions. From structural assemblies to additive manufacturing, Volume III offers hands-on, data-driven guidance for engineers and professionals. Key topics include: • Structural Joints: Analyze and optimize bonded and mechanical joints-bolts, rivets, welds, adhesives, and more-using real-world DOE case studies to ensure robust assembly. • Mechanical Fabrication: Improve precision and consistency in processes like injection molding, drilling, heat treatment, and surface finishing through targeted DOE applications. • Electronic Fabrication: Harness DOE to enhance

Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction

R-59010/30/2025

As technology advances, so too must the methods we use to investigate and understand pedestrian collisions. Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction provides a much-needed update to the field—one that reflects the dramatic rise in digital evidence and the growing role of simulation in modern reconstructions. While earlier texts laid the foundation for understanding pedestrian impacts, they were written before the widespread use of video footage, onboard vehicle sensors, and powerful simulation software. This book addresses that shift. It introduces updated methods that incorporate event data recorders, surveillance video, dash cams, and advanced simulation tools like the PC-Crash multibody pedestrian model. These technologies allow for more precise, repeatable, and illustrative reconstructions than ever before. The book highlights when and how simulation can enhance an investigation—especially in complex scenarios such as roof vaults, sideswipes, or collisions that defy conventional

Composite Materials Handbook Volume 3 - Revision H

R-64010/16/2025

The third volume of this six-volume compendium provides methodologies and lessons learned for the design, analysis, manufacture, and field support of fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix composite structures. It also provides guidance on material and process specifications and procedures for using the data that is presented in Volume 2. The information provided is consistent with the guidance provided in Volume 1, and is an extensive compilation of the current knowledge and experiences of engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who are active in composites. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is a six-volume engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite

Beyond Compliance: Leveraging AS9100D and ISO9001:2015 Audit Findings for Continual Improvement

R-59210/10/2025

Beyond Compliance is more than just another quality management guide—it’s a powerful, practical roadmap for aerospace, defense, and manufacturing organizations committed to excellence through AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 standards. Every year, thousands of companies face audits. And every audit reveals something: nonconformities, gaps, or hidden inefficiencies. These findings can be brushed aside—or they can become the spark for meaningful change. This book shows you how to choose the latter. Drawing on decades of real-world auditing, consulting, and industry experience, the author presents 137 real case studies—true stories from actual audits that uncover critical lessons and opportunities. Each scenario is designed to engage, educate, and equip you with practical insights you can apply immediately to your own processes. Beyond Compliance challenges the idea that audits are just about passing or failing. Instead, it presents a new mindset: audits are not the end—they're the beginning of

McLaren: The Engine Company, Second Edition

R-58910/10/2025

McLaren: The Engine Company is the previously untold story of McLaren Engines-an American powerhouse founded in 1969 by Bruce McLaren and his partners to support the legendary McLaren Can-Am and Indy Car programs. From a modest facility in suburban Detroit came thunderous 8-liter Chevrolet V8s that carried McLaren's signature papaya-orange racecars to dominate the final years of Can-Am racing. The dyno rooms echoed with innovation, producing 1,000-horsepower turbo Offenhausers that twice put McLaren in Victory Lane at the Indianapolis 500 between 1972 and 1976. This updated second edition features newly added historical images and refined content that brings fresh clarity to the remarkable legacy of McLaren Engines. Though the core story remains the same, these updates enhance the reader's experience and provide richer visual context to the engineering feats described throughout. Inside, you'll explore how this unassuming shop on Eight Mile Road became a magnet for top manufacturers

Mobility Reimagined: My First Decade at the Crossroads of Change

R-57310/09/2025

In Mobility Reimagined, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid shares an unfiltered, deeply personal account of his first decade navigating the rapidly evolving automotive and mobility sectors. From engineering labs in Malaysia and Japan, to startup scenes in Southeast Asia and Finland, to boardrooms in Europe, keynote stages in China, and virtual standardization sessions with professionals in the US, Umar traces a career shaped by curiosity, courage, and a commitment to democratizing opportunity. As a brown Southeast Asian professional rising in an industry historically shaped by Western and East Asian leadership, Umar offers more than technical insight, he opens a window into what it takes to lead across borders, disrupt legacy systems, and redefine success on his own terms. This book is part strategy guide, part industry overview, and part leadership memoir. It speaks to young professionals, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, offering hard-won lessons on global expansion, digital

Software Defined Vehicles

R-59509/22/2025

Software Defined Vehicles This book provides a clear, in-depth introduction to the concept of software-defined vehicles (SDVs) and their role in the changing mobility ecosystem. It explores how software has become the core enabler of innovation, allowing manufacturers to deliver new features, safety functions, and comfort enhancements to their customers after a vehicle leaves the showroom floor. From advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to AI-powered co-pilots, SDVs are shifting the focus from hardware to dynamic, user-centric, service models that offer continuous software updates and upgrades. Software Defined Vehicles also delves into the broader societal and consumer shifts driving this change. Readers will gain insight into how new generations view transportation, how business models like Mobility as a Service (MaaS) are evolving, and why sustainability and flexibility now take precedence over traditional car ownership. Whether you're a technology professional, automotive

Sustainable and Affordable Mobility for All: Putting the Heart Back into Technology

R-58608/14/2025

Sustainable and Affordable Mobility for All offers a bold, yet practical vision for the future of transportation. Drawing from deep technical expertise and global experience, Chris Borroni-Bird presents a transformative approach to the automotive industry, tackling critical issues like economic development, environmental sustainability, and universal access. This groundbreaking book explores how advanced technologies such as electric, autonomous, and connected vehicles can revolutionize not only personal mobility but also urban transport and public systems. It calls for a shift toward "right-sized" vehicles, designed to meet real-world needs without over-engineering. Borroni-Bird’s solutions are scalable and adaptable to both developed and developing markets, ensuring affordable and sustainable mobility for all. With insights from 30 years of rapid innovation, including ridesharing platforms and robotaxis, this book blends technology, human factors, and sustainability to inspire a

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume I

B-993_VOLUME108/13/2025

The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2025 supersedes MMPDS-24 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener

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Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 8Al - 1V - 1Mo, Single Annealed

AMS4915P (Current)

12/19/2025

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive (see 8.6).

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Qualified Hoses for Marine Applications

J1942/1_202512 (Current)12/19/2025

The following list consists of hose data provided as of December 2025 and is for convenience in determining acceptability of nonmetallic flexible hose assemblies intended for usage under 46 CFR Part 56.60-25. Where the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) or type of fitting is not specified, use the manufacturer’s recommended MAWP or type of fitting. This list has been compiled by SAE staff from information provided by the manufacturers whose product listings appear in this document. Manufacturers wishing to list their products in this document shall: a. Successfully test their hose to the requirements of SAE J1942, Table 1. b. Submit a letter of certification to the SAE J1942 test requirements for each specific type of hose tested (see sample table, Table 1) along with the test results. All sizes should be included in the same letter, which must also include all of the information necessary to make an SAE J1942-1 listing. c. SAE will review the letter and may, at their discretion

Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee

Gas Turbine Engine Test Facility Vibration Measurement

ARP6068A (Current)12/19/2025

The test procedure per the applicable Engine Manual does require a vibration check for the low/intermediate and high speed rotor systems. Release of an engine with high vibrations can result in: On-wing vibration complaints, with subsequent troubleshooting Rotor system failures Premature engine removals Limits are provided for transient conditions and steady state data points. Troubleshooting recommendations are limited to verification of the proper signal input and tracking. This practice provides recommendations for: Correct cable and transmitter installation and connections Calibration Recorded data interpretation and data analysis

EG-1E Gas Turbine Test Facilities and Equipment

Automotive Gear Lubricants for Commercial and Military Use

J2360_202512 (Historical)

12/19/2025

The gear lubricants covered by this standard exceed American Petroleum Institute (API) Service Classification API GL-5 and are intended for automotive units with the primary drive hypoid gears, operating under conditions of high-speed/shock load and low-speed/high-torque. These lubricants may be appropriate for other gear applications where the position of the shafts relative to each other and the type of gear flank contact involve a large percentage of sliding contact. Such applications typically require extreme pressure (EP) additives to prevent the adhesion and subsequent tearing away of material from the loaded gear flanks. These lubricants are not appropriate for the lubrication of worm gears. The information contained within is intended for the demonstration of compliance with the requirements of this standard and for listing on the Qualified Products List (QPL) administered by the Lubricant Review Institute (LRI). A complete listing of qualification submission requirements and

Fuels and Lubricants TC 3 Driveline and Chassis Lubrication

Color-Coded Incandescent Flange Base T-1 and T-1 3/4 Lamps for Voltage Identification

AS4156D (Current)12/19/2025

This document specifies that black is the only color that can be used for the insulator at the bottom of the base of T-1 and T-1 ¾ Flanged Base lamps.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting

Connectors, Plug, Electric, 45° Assembly, Crimp Contact, AN Type

AS34091B (Current)12/19/2025

Scope is unavailable.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 59Ni - 22Cr - 2Mo - 14W - 0.35Al - 0.03La (Alloy No. 230®), Solution Heat Treated

AMS5878F (Current)

12/19/2025

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 0.015 to 1.5 inches (0.38 to 38 mm) in nominal thickness.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Aircraft Position Lights

AS271B (Current)12/19/2025

This specification covers three types of aircraft position lights. Type I - Forward Position Light (red wing tip light) Type II - Forward Position Light (green wing tip light) Type m - Rear Position Light (white tail light)

A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee

Titanium Alloy Preforms from Plasma Arc Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing on Substrate, Ti-6Al-4V, Stress Relieved

AMS7004A (Current)12/19/2025

This specification covers preforms fabricated up through 22.0 inches (560 mm), inclusive, in deposition width thickness (see 2.4) using a wire-fed plasma arc directed energy deposition (PA-DED) additive-manufacturing process on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate that are subjected to post-deposition stress-relief heat treatment. If required by the cognizant engineering organization (CEO), preforms may require subsequent machining to meet requirements for their intended final part application.

AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals

TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM, TERMINAL JUNCTION BLOCKS, SECTIONAL, BUSSING MODULES, FEEDBACK TYPE, SIZE 22D, SERIES I

AS81714/17C (Current)

12/19/2025

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Development of a Data Acquisition System for an Electric Formula SAE Vehicle

2025-36-0151

12/18/2025

The acquisition of sensor data is essential for the operation and validation of the SAE vehicle. This system must be capable of converting analog data into digital form and communicating with the sensors. To this end, printed circuit boards (PCBs) were designed and manufactured, incorporating electromagnetic interference mitigation solutions through various analog filters, in order to ensure the integrity of the acquired signals. Data conversion and communication were implemented using a microprocessor from the STM32 family, with efficient transmission of the processed data carried out via the CAN protocol.

David, Mateus Padilha, Andrade, Fernanda Matsumoto Lima, Sousa Oliveira, Ivan, Carvalho, Luis Pedro Feio, Guerreiro, Joel Filipe, Ribeiro, Rodrigo Eustaquio, Santos Neto, Pedro José

CONNECTORS, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, WALL MOUNTING, FRONT RELEASE, CRIMP CONTACT, AN TYPE – WITH ACCESSORY THREADS

AS34121D (Current)12/18/2025

SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

A Literature Review on Application of Maintenance and Management Strategies for Electric-Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft’s Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul Organizations

01-18-03-0016

12/18/2025

In the context of emerging technology developed for advanced air mobility concept, its maintenance protocols are not yet mature and existing aviation maintenance systems may not support electric-vertical take-off and landing (e-VTOL) needs. Thus, the operation of e-VTOL aircraft during its deployment stage necessitates the need for qualitative maintenance support. The main purpose of this study is to develop the basic structural principles of the projected new maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) organization for e-VTOL air vehicles, which will support airworthiness through comprehensive maintenance approaches. Thus, the operation of e-VTOL aircraft during its deployment stage necessitates the need for qualitative maintenance support. The importance of the study is to offer standard procedures based on management and maintenance strategies, application of predictive and prescriptive maintenance tools, which pose a significant contribution to ensuring safety, reliability, and cost

Imanov, Tapdig, Bozdereli, Arzu

Numerical Simulation of Additized Ethanol: Impact of Engine Parameters on Combustion, Performance and Emissions

2025-36-0250

12/18/2025

X42eq

Assis, Guilherme, Sánchez, Fernando Zegarra, Pradelle, Renata Nohra Chaar, Braga, Sergio Leal, Ticona, Epifanio Mamani, Souza Junior, Jorge, Pradelle, Florian

Nanosilica-Based Treatments for Fabrics: Aspects of Wettability and Selective Oil/Water Separation

2025-36-0213

12/18/2025

Nanosilica-treated fabrics have a variety of properties, such as durability, water resistance, and specific surface characteristics. Due to that, many applications of those components are highlighted in literature. Some examples include waterproofing and water repellency, stain resistance, flame retardancy, improved durability, UV protection, improved comfort, antimicrobial properties, and textile coatings for electronics. These applications demonstrate how nanosilica-based treatments can enhance the performance of fabrics, making them more suitable for various specialized uses. In this work, a technical fabric with a mesh opening of 45 μm and an open area of 29.6% was surface treated. The treatments were performed by the dip-coating method using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and nanosilica at different concentrations. Optical microscopy (OM) images of the fabrics’ surface and water contact angle (WCA) measurements were carried out before and after the fabrics’ treatments. The results

Kerche, Eduardo Fischer, Leal, Débora, Romano, Paulo, Oliveira, Vinícius, Polkowski, Rodrigo

Artificial Neural Network-Based Performance and Emission Prediction for Hydrogen-Combustion Multicylinder Engines

2025-36-0237

12/18/2025

22xx

Pasa, Bruno Roberto, Silveira, Juliano Pereira, Fagundez, Jean Lucca Souza, Lanzanova, Thompson Diórdinis Metzka, Martins, Mario Eduardo Santos, Salau, Nina Paula Gonçalves

Influence of Supply Voltage over Fuel Injector’s Deadtime

2025-36-0174

12/18/2025

This study presents three methods for obtaining the latency of an indirect injection Electro-Injector as a function of the applied voltage. This parameter is relevant for the linearization of the injected mass in order to model fuel mass delivery on modern ECUs. For this purpose, the authors built a test bench, with the intent of running analysis on the results of tests of mass differential between injections, circulating current, and mechanical vibration. The authors gathered data over the iterative experiments and correlated the mass differential, vibration data and current measurements. The authors observed that with a reduction of supply voltage at the injector’s pins, a greater injector dead time made itself present displaying a need for a compensation of opening time in function of voltage since the injector’s needle takes a longer amount of time in partially open positions. Modern ECU manufacturers broadly use the data obtained by this type of iterative experiment to accurately

Juliatti, Rafael Motter, Oliveira, Julia Mathias de, Morais Hanriot, Sérgio de, Silveira, Hairton Júnior Jose da, Moreira, Vinicius Guerra

Natural Fibers Applied in the Automotive Industry in Brazil: A Review

2025-36-0170

12/18/2025

There is a growing demand for new materials that meet mechanical and structural performance requirements, with specific properties, especially in the automotive industry. From a context of innovation and global needs to be met, there is the appreciation of composite materials, specifically applied in the automotive sector, since these can be obtained from the combination of two or more different materials, obtaining certain properties from the individual characteristics of its phases, expanding the availability of materials to be used in this sector. In recent years the use of natural fibers in composite materials for automotive applications has gained relevance due to factors such as sustainability, low weight and good mechanical properties. The attempt to combine innovation and environmental preservation make such applications promising, aiming to obtain ecological solutions, considering that natural fibers of vegetable origin such as sisal, jute and flax are biodegradable and

Dias, Roberto Yuri Costa, Santos Borges, Larissa dos, Brandao, Leonardo William Macedo, Mendonca Maia, Pedro Victor de, Silva de Mendonça, Alian Gomes da, Fujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo

Impact of Hydrogen Electrification on Transmission Systems for Heavy-Duty Vehicles

2025-36-0178

12/18/2025

Powertrain architecture is being reshaped by the electrification of heavy-duty military vehicles using hydrogen fuel cell technology, particularly in transmission systems. Unlike conventional internal combustion engines, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) typically use single-speed or direct-drive configurations due to the high torque of electric motors. This paper examines the impact of hydrogen electrification on military vehicle transmissions, focusing on armored multi-role models such as the VBMT-LSR, Guarani, and Leopard 1A5 of the Brazilian Army. The study compares traditional gearboxes with alternative solutions optimized for fuel cells, analyzing the trade-offs in efficiency, durability, and operational adaptability. Additionally, it explores adaptations required for hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs), considering their distinct characteristics and demands. The study employs a three-step validation methodology combining computational simulations, technical

Biêng, Ethan Lê Quang, Pontes, Guilherme Ayroso, Conrado, Guilherme Barreto Rollemberg, Lopes, Elias Dias Rossi, Rodrigues, Gustavo Simão

Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in CO ₂ Equivalent per Hectare of Sugarcane Cultivated for Brazilian Ethanol Production

2025-36-0191

12/18/2025

Assis, Marcelo Suman Silva, Paula Araújo, Gabriel Heleno de, Baeta, José Guilherme Coelho, Abreu, Pedro Blaso Barbosa de, Filho, Fernando Antonio Rodrigues

Methodology for Characterizing the Spray of an Internal Combustion Engine Fuel Injector

2025-36-0194

12/18/2025

This study presents a methodology for characterizing the spray of an internal combustion engine (ICE) fuel injector, focusing on direct injection (DI) systems. It addresses the knowledge gap in academic research regarding injector spray patterns by conducting experimental tests and numerical simulations. Using a Bosch HDEV 1.1 pressure swirl injector and EXXSOL D60 test fluid, spray characteristics were captured with a high-speed camera under varying injection pressures and ambient/counterpressure conditions. These experimental data were used to calibrate a numerical model for simulating spray dynamics within the combustion chamber. The research examines the impact of parameters such as breakup length and breakup size constant on spray behavior, revealing that the breakup size constant significantly affects spray penetration. The study successfully developed and validated a methodology for characterizing and modeling fuel injector sprays, providing a valuable reference for optimizing

Paula Araújo, Gabriel Heleno, Assis, Marcelo Suman Silva, Malaquias, Augusto Cesar Teixeira, Carvalho Torres Filho, Marcos, Baeta, José Guilherme Coelho

A Methodology for Developing Quantitative Satisfaction Curves in Vehicle Design: Bridging Engineering Metrics and Occupant Perception

2025-36-0205

12/18/2025

In vehicle development, occupant-centered design is crucial to ensuring customer satisfaction. Key factors such as visibility, access, interior roominess, driver ergonomics, interior storage and trunk space directly impact the daily experience of vehicle occupants. While automakers rely on engineering metrics to guide architectural decisions, however in some cases doesn’t exist a clear correlation between these quantitative parameters and the subjective satisfaction of end users. This study develops a methodology which addresses that gap by proposing the creation of quantitative satisfaction curves for critical engineering metrics, providing a robust tool to support decision-making during the early stages of vehicle design. Through a combination of clinics, research, and statistical analysis, this project outlines a step-by-step process for developing (dis)satisfaction curves, offering a clearer understanding of how dimensions like headroom, glove box volume, and A-pillar obscuration

Santos, Alex Cardoso, Silva, Gustavo, Benevente, Rodrigo, Padua Silva, Antonio, Lourenço, Sergio Ricardo, Andrade, Cecilia Navas, Sobral, Piero

A Structured Approach to Tire Selection in Formula SAE: Balancing Performance and Requirements

2025-36-0171

12/18/2025

Tires are fundamental components of Formula SAE race cars, serving as the only point of contact between the vehicle and the track. Their performance directly influences critical aspects such as handling, stability, cornering behavior and lap times, making tire selection a vital factor in vehicle dynamics. However, choosing the optimal tire is a complex challenge due to the wide range of available options and the need to balance multiple performance parameters. While many studies analyze tire behavior, few focus specifically on the demands of Formula SAE vehicles. Those that do often rely on overly complex methodologies or subjective assumptions, resulting in a lack of practical and systematic approaches to decision-making. This study addresses this gap by developing a structured approach for tire selection, designed to meet the specific needs of Formula SAE teams. The proposed approach analyzes a typical Formula SAE endurance track, acceleration, skid pad, and autocross circuit to

Rocha Checheliski, Carolina Dias da, Martins, Mario Eduardo Santos, Hausen, Roberto Begnis

State of the Art and Perspectives of V2G and Plug & Charge in the Electric Mobility Ecosystem

2025-36-0175

12/18/2025

The advancement of electric mobility has driven the development of technologies aimed at enabling smart, secure, and interoperable electric vehicle (EV) charging. In this context, this paper presents a technical and market analysis of the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Plug & Charge (PnC) functionalities, focusing on their architectures, applicable technical standards, communication protocols, levels of commercial maturity, and emerging applications. The discussion begins with a review of the main national and international standards relevant to charging infrastructure, with emphasis on IEC 61851, IEC 62196, and ISO 15118 series, which address the technical requirements of equipment, connectors, and vehicle-to-grid communication. The operation of V2G is then discussed as a technology that enables bidirectional energy flow between the EV and the power grid, with a focus on topological configurations, pilot project applications, and regulatory and economic challenges that currently limit its

Marques, Felipe L. R., Arioli, Vitor T., Bernardo, Rodrigo, Nakandakare, Cleber A., Pizzini, Luiz R., Nicola, Eduardo V.

Optimization of Biogas Combustion in SI Engines Applied to the Pre-Chamber Ignition System

2025-36-0209

12/18/2025

Siqueira, Caio Henrique Moreira, Ázara, Luiz Eduardo Martins, Ribeiro, José Vitor Puttini, Soares, Gabriel Faria, Silva, Fábio Moreira, Alvarez, Carlos Eduardo Castilla

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