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Browse AllThis specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of welding wire. Type 2 - copper coated wire was removed from this document (see 8.4).
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of seamless tubing.
This specification covers a beryllium aluminum alloy in the form of investment castings.
This specification covers piston rings fabricated from cast iron.
This document provides vehicle-level data collection, data analysis, and data verification procedures that may be used to verify that an instrument under test (IUT) satisfies the vehicle-level requirements specified in the SAE International (SAE) J2945/1 standard. For the purposes of this recommended practice, “vehicle-level requirements” primarily consist of those requirements which can be verified external to the vehicle. The IUT for these procedures is a configured dedicated short range communications (DSRC) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) device as defined in SAE J2945/1 and is installed on a light vehicle. While the IUT is conceptually separated from the vehicle it is installed on, the tests outlined in this document are primarily vehicle-level so the terms “vehicle” and “IUT” can generally be considered interchangeable. Additionally, non-vehicle-level complementary tests, not included in this document, are required to verify that the entire set of requirements specified in SAE J2945/1
This specification covers crimp-style aluminum lug terminals and conductor splices for aluminum aircraft wire. Lug terminals and conductor splices are hereafter called “terminals.”
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a system for marking thermoset rubber parts to designate the general type of material from which the part was fabricated.
The State of Charge (SOC) is a key parameter for measuring the remaining capacity of new energy vehicle batteries. It not only directly reflects the driving range of the vehicle but also plays an indispensable role in ensuring operational safety and extending battery lifespan. Accurate estimation of SOC provides strong support for the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles. During the charging and discharging process of lithium iron phosphate batteries, the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions cause deformation of the electrode's lattice structure, leading to the expansion and contraction of the electrode volume. This, in turn, exerts stress on the limited internal space of the battery, which is mainly manifested as changes in battery pressure monitored by sensors. To address the issues of insufficient information and low estimation accuracy associated with the use of electrical signals in traditional data-driven methods, this study introduces pressure
With the growing global demand for sustainable energy and high-performance mobile devices, lithium metal solid-state batteries (LMBs) have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of energy storage due to their exceptional high energy density and significant safety advantages. However, the growth of lithium dendrites and their penetration through the solid electrolyte remain key issues leading to battery short-circuiting and failure. To date, there has been a lack of effective in situ research methods to reveal the failure mechanisms, which has severely restricted the commercialization of LMBs. This study innovatively employs in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate lithium plating behavior in symmetric cells during critical current density (CCD) tests under room temperature and elevated temperature conditions. By analyzing characteristic signals at 1 MHz, this study presents the in situ impedance changes at the grain boundaries and interfaces of the
Multimodal sensors, capable of simultaneously acquiring multiple physical or chemical signals, have shown broad application potential in fields such as health monitoring, soft robotics, and energy systems. However, current multimodal sensors often suffer from complex fabrication processes and signal decoupling challenges, which limit their practical deployment. To address these issues, this work presents a thin-film temperature–strain multimodal sensor (FTSMS) fabricated via laser processing. The temperature-sensing unit, based on the Seebeck effect, achieves a sensitivity of 9.08 μV/°C, while the strain-sensing unit, utilizing BaTiO₃/AlN@PDMS as the sensitive layer, exhibits a gauge factor (GF) of 43.2. By integrating distinct sensing mechanisms (thermovoltage for temperature and capacitance change for strain), the FTSMS enables self-decoupled measurements over 20–90 °C. Applied in LIB monitoring, it successfully captures real-time temperature and strain variations during charge














