Your Destination for Mobility Engineering Resources

Enter keyword, author, topic...

Announcements for SAE Mobilus

Browse All
NEW on Mobilus: Try SAE AI Chat (Beta)
Dear patrons, We’re excited to introduce SAE AI Chat – a new AI-powered feature now available in beta on Mobilus. With SAE AI Chat, you can: Ask natural language questions and receive responses derived from 12,000+ SAE standards Save time searching through extensive technical documents Summarize text and discover connections between different topics or publications The feature is currently in beta development phase and may have limitations.   How to Get Access? This beta release is currently available only to a limited number of users. To request access: Visit our Signup Page  Complete the form (< 2 minutes) We'll notify you if you've been selected for the beta program with instructions to login. We'll be rolling out access starting towards end of June 2025, so we encourage you to sign up promptly if you're interested.   Have Questions? Visit the FAQs section or contact us for additional information. - The Mobilus Team
[ARCHIVED] Attn.: System maintenance @ 6 PM ET, April 15, 2025
Last updated: April 16, 2025, 09.11 AM ET Date posted (original message): April 15, 2025, 12.10 PM ET UPDATE: The maintenance work has been completed and the website is back up and running again. Thank you for your patience. ORIGINAL MESSAGE: Please note that this evening beginning at 6pm ET, we will be performing network maintenance on pieces of the core network infrastructure. We expect this work to last for 1 hour. During this period, access to Mobilus may be impacted and the site may be unreachable during this time.  We will update once the maintenance activities have been completed. - The Mobilus team
[ARCHIVED] Experience WCX for Free—Expo Pass + Keynote Insights!
Join us at WCX 2025, where the future of mobility takes center stage! Get your FREE Expo Pass to explore groundbreaking technology, connect with industry leaders, and hear from visionary keynote speakers from Woven by Toyota, Stellantis, and Intel Automotive. For more information, visit: wcx.sae.org
[Resolved] Service notice - System issues
Update: Issue has been resolved. Please reach out to CustomerService@sae.org if you have any questions. -- Hello, Please be aware that we are currently experiencing system issues / slowness on the platform, and our teams are working diligently to resolve the issue as quickly as possible.  We apologize for any inconvenience and appreciate your patience and understanding. Thank you for your continued support. Best regards, The Mobilus Team
[ARCHIVED] Counter Reports Issue - Fixed
Last updated: November 11, 2024 [LATEST UPDATE] The issue has been fixed and Counter reports are now accessible through the portal. Usage data until the previous month (i.e. October 2024) can be pulled in reports.  Useful links: FAQs: https://saemobilus.sae.org/help/counter-usage-reports Mobilus Minute video on Counter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45s8S3ixURk Thank you for your patience and understanding. - The Mobilus team -- [PREVIOUS MESSAGE HISTORY] Original announcement: Please note that Counter Database Reports and Title Reports are currently experiencing technical issues, and our team is working on restoring all functionality as soon as possible. We have disabled usage data extraction, while we're looking into the issue.  If you need immediate access to usage reporting, please reach out to your SAE Mobilus sales representative. Thank you for your patience, and we apologize for the inconvenience.
[ARCHIVED] Important Notice: Sunset of Mobilus 3.0
[LATEST UPDATE]   The legacy version of Mobilus (Mobilus 3.0) has now been officially sunset. Thank you for your valuable feedback and continued support in helping to improve Mobilus. - The Mobilus team -- [PREVIOUS MESSAGE HISTORY] IMPORTANT UPDATE: Sunset of Mobilus 3.0 (legacy version) We would like to inform you of an important update regarding SAE Mobilus - As part of our ongoing commitment to enhancing your experience, the legacy version of the platform (Mobilus 3.0) will be phased out on October 31, 2024. The current website with the newly redesigned interface introduced back in April, featuring an intuitive interface, improved search capabilities, advanced search, and in-depth browsing capabilities, will continue to remain operational going forward to support your needs.   What You Need to Know: Last Day of Service (Mobilus 3.0): October 31, 2024 Content Access: You will retain access to all subscribed content through your institutional subscription. Personal Preferences Migration: While most settings tied to your Dasboard in Mobilus 3.0 (alerts, annotations, folders) will transfer over to the new platform, saved searches will not be retained and will need to be recreated in the new platform through your complimentary My Library account. Access the New Platform: Your institutional preferences around login (IP authentication, SSO, username/password) will be retained.   We appreciate your understanding during this transition. Thank you for your continued support. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us. Answers to common questions / FAQs are accessible here. Best regards, The Mobilus Team SAE International

Quick Browse

Industries

Content by Type

Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

Browse All 177
Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster ResponseEPR202501711/24/2025
The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the
Next-gen AI for Aerospace EngineeringEPR202501609/22/2025
Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and
Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen VehiclesEPR202501509/22/2025
The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and
Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural RobotsEPR202501208/13/2025
The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable
Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation FeaturesEPR202501308/13/2025
Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and
Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous VehiclesEPR202501407/18/2025
Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and
Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial IntelligenceEPR202501105/21/2025
Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even
Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated MobilityEPR202500905/20/2025
With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial
Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic ManagementEPR202500805/20/2025
The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and
Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Dedicated LanesEPR202500704/24/2025
Dedicated lanes provide a simpler operating environment for ADS-equipped vehicles than those shared with other roadway users including human drivers, pedestrians, and bicycles. This final report in the Automation and Infrastructure series discusses how and when various types of lanes whether general purpose, managed, or specialty lanes might be temporarily or permanently reserved for ADS-equipped vehicles. Though simulations and economic analysis suggest that widespread use of dedicated lanes will not be warranted until market penetration is much higher, some US states and cities are developing such dedicated lanes now for limited use cases and other countries are planning more extensive deployment of dedicated lanes. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure: Dedicated Lanes includes a review of practices across the US as well as case studies from the EU and UK, the Near East, Japan, Singapore, and Canada. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

Browse All 16
Passenger Vehicle Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems
Electrified Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
Connected and Automated Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
SAE International Journal of Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
Transportation Safety
SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety
Alternative Powertrains
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
Commercial Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles
Engines
SAE International Journal of Engines
Fuels and Lubricants
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
Materials and Manufacturing
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
Aerospace
SAE International Journal of Aerospace
Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems

Recent Books

Browse All 709
Pedestrian Accident ReconstructionR-59010/30/2025
As technology advances, so too must the methods we use to investigate and understand pedestrian collisions. Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction provides a much-needed update to the field—one that reflects the dramatic rise in digital evidence and the growing role of simulation in modern reconstructions. While earlier texts laid the foundation for understanding pedestrian impacts, they were written before the widespread use of video footage, onboard vehicle sensors, and powerful simulation software. This book addresses that shift. It introduces updated methods that incorporate event data recorders, surveillance video, dash cams, and advanced simulation tools like the PC-Crash multibody pedestrian model. These technologies allow for more precise, repeatable, and illustrative reconstructions than ever before. The book highlights when and how simulation can enhance an investigation—especially in complex scenarios such as roof vaults, sideswipes, or collisions that defy conventional
Composite Materials Handbook Volume 3 - Revision HR-64010/16/2025
The third volume of this six-volume compendium provides methodologies and lessons learned for the design, analysis, manufacture, and field support of fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix composite structures. It also provides guidance on material and process specifications and procedures for using the data that is presented in Volume 2. The information provided is consistent with the guidance provided in Volume 1, and is an extensive compilation of the current knowledge and experiences of engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who are active in composites. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is a six-volume engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite
Beyond Compliance: Leveraging AS9100D and ISO9001:2015 Audit Findings for Continual ImprovementR-59210/10/2025
Beyond Compliance is more than just another quality management guide—it’s a powerful, practical roadmap for aerospace, defense, and manufacturing organizations committed to excellence through AS9100D and ISO 9001:2015 standards. Every year, thousands of companies face audits. And every audit reveals something: nonconformities, gaps, or hidden inefficiencies. These findings can be brushed aside—or they can become the spark for meaningful change. This book shows you how to choose the latter. Drawing on decades of real-world auditing, consulting, and industry experience, the author presents 137 real case studies—true stories from actual audits that uncover critical lessons and opportunities. Each scenario is designed to engage, educate, and equip you with practical insights you can apply immediately to your own processes. Beyond Compliance challenges the idea that audits are just about passing or failing. Instead, it presents a new mindset: audits are not the end—they're the beginning of
McLaren: The Engine Company, Second EditionR-58910/10/2025
McLaren: The Engine Company is the previously untold story of McLaren Engines-an American powerhouse founded in 1969 by Bruce McLaren and his partners to support the legendary McLaren Can-Am and Indy Car programs. From a modest facility in suburban Detroit came thunderous 8-liter Chevrolet V8s that carried McLaren's signature papaya-orange racecars to dominate the final years of Can-Am racing. The dyno rooms echoed with innovation, producing 1,000-horsepower turbo Offenhausers that twice put McLaren in Victory Lane at the Indianapolis 500 between 1972 and 1976. This updated second edition features newly added historical images and refined content that brings fresh clarity to the remarkable legacy of McLaren Engines. Though the core story remains the same, these updates enhance the reader's experience and provide richer visual context to the engineering feats described throughout. Inside, you'll explore how this unassuming shop on Eight Mile Road became a magnet for top manufacturers
Mobility Reimagined: My First Decade at the Crossroads of ChangeR-57310/09/2025
In Mobility Reimagined, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid shares an unfiltered, deeply personal account of his first decade navigating the rapidly evolving automotive and mobility sectors. From engineering labs in Malaysia and Japan, to startup scenes in Southeast Asia and Finland, to boardrooms in Europe, keynote stages in China, and virtual standardization sessions with professionals in the US, Umar traces a career shaped by curiosity, courage, and a commitment to democratizing opportunity. As a brown Southeast Asian professional rising in an industry historically shaped by Western and East Asian leadership, Umar offers more than technical insight, he opens a window into what it takes to lead across borders, disrupt legacy systems, and redefine success on his own terms. This book is part strategy guide, part industry overview, and part leadership memoir. It speaks to young professionals, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, offering hard-won lessons on global expansion, digital
Software Defined VehiclesR-59509/22/2025
Software Defined Vehicles This book provides a clear, in-depth introduction to the concept of software-defined vehicles (SDVs) and their role in the changing mobility ecosystem. It explores how software has become the core enabler of innovation, allowing manufacturers to deliver new features, safety functions, and comfort enhancements to their customers after a vehicle leaves the showroom floor. From advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to AI-powered co-pilots, SDVs are shifting the focus from hardware to dynamic, user-centric, service models that offer continuous software updates and upgrades. Software Defined Vehicles also delves into the broader societal and consumer shifts driving this change. Readers will gain insight into how new generations view transportation, how business models like Mobility as a Service (MaaS) are evolving, and why sustainability and flexibility now take precedence over traditional car ownership. Whether you're a technology professional, automotive
Sustainable and Affordable Mobility for All: Putting the Heart Back into TechnologyR-58608/14/2025
Sustainable and Affordable Mobility for All offers a bold, yet practical vision for the future of transportation. Drawing from deep technical expertise and global experience, Chris Borroni-Bird presents a transformative approach to the automotive industry, tackling critical issues like economic development, environmental sustainability, and universal access. This groundbreaking book explores how advanced technologies such as electric, autonomous, and connected vehicles can revolutionize not only personal mobility but also urban transport and public systems. It calls for a shift toward "right-sized" vehicles, designed to meet real-world needs without over-engineering. Borroni-Bird’s solutions are scalable and adaptable to both developed and developing markets, ensuring affordable and sustainable mobility for all. With insights from 30 years of rapid innovation, including ridesharing platforms and robotaxis, this book blends technology, human factors, and sustainability to inspire a
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume IB-993_VOLUME108/13/2025
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2025 supersedes MMPDS-24 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume IIB-993_VOLUME208/13/2025
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2025 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2025 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
Careers in Aerospace: A Student’s Guide to the Sky and BeyondR-56807/24/2025
Have you ever looked up and wondered how humans conquered the skies—and what lies beyond? This book requires no prior knowledge of math—just curiosity and a passion for discovery. From the Wright brothers’ 12-second flight in 1903 to spacecraft that reach the edge of our solar system, aerospace engineering has propelled us to new frontiers. It is the foundation of modern flight, blending physics, chemistry, biopharmaceuticals, mechanics, electronics, and communications to push the limits of speed, altitude, and exploration. In just over a century, we have progressed from envying birds to flying over three times the speed of sound, launching space shuttles, and venturing into the cosmos. The urge to explore is unstoppable, and the future promises even greater achievements. Whether you’re a curious spectator or an aspiring professional, this book offers an engaging introduction to the principles behind aviation and space travel. Understanding the fundamentals will deepen your

Recently Published

Browse All
Quantifying Naturalistic Changes in Occupant Postures in Belt-Positioning Booster Seats Utilizing Pressure Mats2025-22-000812/02/2025
Belt-positioning booster seats (BPBs) help promote proper seat belt fit for children in vehicles. The effectiveness of BPBs depends on occupant posture, which can be influenced by BPB design features. This study aimed to quantitatively describe how children's postures naturally change over time in BPBs, using pressure mats. Thirty children aged 5 to 12 participated in two 30-minute trials using randomly assigned seating configurations. Five configurations were studied by installing two backless BPBs in vehicle captain’s chairs, varying booster profile (high, low, or no BPB) and armrest presence (with or without BPB/vehicle seat armrests). TekScan 5250 pressure mats were placed on the seating surfaces. Children began in an ideal reference posture, and center of force (COF) data were collected continuously. Additional observations on posture, behavior, and comfort were periodically collected. Mixed models, including effects of seating configuration, time, and volunteer characteristics
Connell, Rosalie, Baker, Gretchen H., Mansfield, Julie A.
ARINC Report 835-2: Guidance for Security of Loadable Software Parts Using Digital SignaturesARINC835-2 (Current)12/02/2025
This document provides a comprehensive overview of methods and standards for securing loadable software parts (LSPs) used in aircraft systems. It focuses on ensuring the integrity, authenticity, and trustworthiness of aircraft software, independent of the transport mechanism or media type, through the use of digital signatures and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) technologies. The document captures solutions developed by major aerospace manufacturers and industry participants and encourages standardization to reduce costs and complexity in software security processes.
null, null
ARINC Report 649: Common Terminology and Functions for Software Distribution and LoadingARINC649 (Current)12/02/2025
This document provides comprehensive guidance on the secure distribution of Aircraft Relevant Software (ARS) from software providers such as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) or Design Approval Holders (DAHs) to end users including airline operators and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) organizations. It aims to standardize software delivery processes to reduce complexity and improve security across the aviation industry ecosystem.
null, null
ARINC Report 851: Aircraft Ground System Software Distribution and ReceptionARINC851 (Current)12/02/2025
This document provides comprehensive guidance on the secure distribution of Aircraft Relevant Software (ARS) from software providers such as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) or Design Approval Holders (DAHs) to end users including airline operators and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) organizations. It aims to standardize software delivery processes to reduce complexity and improve security across the aviation industry ecosystem.
null, null
Inertia Dynamometer Brake Squeal Noise Test Procedure for Vehicles with Regenerative SystemsJ3211_202512 (Current)12/01/2025
The SAE J3211 procedure applies to squeal evaluation for foundation brakes using single-ended inertia dynamometers for friction couples used on vehicles with regenerative braking systems. This document applies to squeal noise occurrences for on-road passenger cars and light trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4536 kg or below and with at least one rechargeable energy storage system as a source for propulsion. The procedure incorporates aspects related to (a) minimum inertia dynamometer capabilities, (b) fixture requirements and setup, and (c) test sequences with emphasis on brake temperatures, brake pressure profiles, and strategies to represent brake blending. For this document, squeal occurs when the peak noise level is at least 70 dB(A) between 1.25 and 16 kHz for tests using full suspension corners or complete axle assemblies, or between 2 and 16 kHz for brakes not using an entire suspension corner. Test facilities intending to use this document, building on their
null, null
Cooling System Metallic Caps and Filler NecksJ164_202512 (Current)12/01/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice was developed primarily for passenger car and truck applications but may be used in marine, industrial, and similar applications.
null, null
Automated Driving System (ADS) Marker LampJ3134_202512 (Current)12/01/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice provides guidelines for the use, performance, installation, activation, and switching of marking lamps on Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicles.
null, null
653P3A-3 Avionics Application Software Standard Interface, Part 3A, Conformity Test Specifications for ARINC 653 Required ServicesARINC653P3A-3 (Current)12/01/2025
ARINC 653, Part 3A is the Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services presently defined in ARINC 653 Part 1. The document specifies a set of stimuli and the expected responses. The Conformity Test Specification is expected to be updated in step with ARINC 653, Part 1.
null, null
SAE TOMORROW TODAY UNPLUGGED - Why The Race To Build Robotaxis Is On1354512/01/2025
Robotaxis are scaling fast, logging millions of autonomous miles each month across the globe. Despite their rapid adoption, the industry is hitting an unexpected bottleneck: there simply aren't enough vehicles to meet soaring demand. With EV sales still lagging, the robotaxi boom could become a lifeline for OEMs. In this Unplugged episode of SAE Tomorrow Today, host Grayson Brulte explains why the future of mobility may depend on who can build robotaxis the fastest. Have your own thoughts on this topic? We'd love to hear from you! Share your comments, questions or ideas for future topics with Grayson on Twitter or send them to podcast@sae.org. Follow SAE on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
Patterson, Lori
647A-2 Flight Recorder Electronic Documentation (FRED)ARINC647A-2 (Current)12/01/2025
This specification is an international standard defining the content and format of electronic files which document Flight Data Recording systems. The FRED specification is an expansion of the Flight Recorder Configuration Standard (FRCS) and is intended to provide guidelines for software systems designers and developers of ground support equipment for flight data recorders. The FRED specification has been developed to facilitate the exchange of Flight Data Recorder (FDR) documentation between aircraft manufacturers, operators, and government agencies. This specification addresses the ARINC Specification 664: Part 7, Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet in numerous sections.
null, null
653P0-4 Avionics Application Software Standard Interface, Part 0, Overview of ARINC 653ARINC653P0-4 (Current)12/01/2025
This document provides an overview of the entire set of documents collectively referred to as ARINC 653. As this set of documents evolves, Supplements to Parts 1 through 5 have been made more consistent with Part 0 in conjunction with the technical changes made in the evolution of ARINC 653. A summary of the ARINC 653 documents follows: Part 0 – Overview of ARINC 653 Part 1 – Required Services Part 2 – Extended Services Part 3A – Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services Part 3B – Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Extended Services Part 4 – Subset Services Part 5 – Core Software Recommended Capabilities The term “this document” refers to Part 0 only, while the term “ARINC 653” or “the Specification” refers to the whole set of ARINC 653 documents, currently, Parts 0 to 5. The primary objective of ARINC 653 is to define a general-purpose APplication/EXecutive (APEX) interface, i.e., an API (Application Program Interface) between the Core Software (CSW) of an
null, null
Impinging Shockwave/Boundary Layer Interaction–Induced Separation Mitigation Using Passive Control01-18-03-001411/28/2025
A passive control device to mitigate shock-induced separation in a generic supersonic inlet model is computationally studied. The simulations were based on the Favre-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. The shockwave was generated by an 8° turn supersonic inlet. The Mach number in the inlet was varied between 2.1 and 2.46. The baseline shockwave/boundary layer interaction (SBLI) simulation results compare favorably with experimental data. The passive device, in the form of a splitter plate, eliminates both the separation and flow unsteadiness. The splitter plate causes reduction in the total pressure of the boundary layer at the exit of the inlet due to increased skin friction on the floor and due to wake of the plate.
Olcmen, Semih, Wahidi, Redha, Hegde, Amruthkiran, Datta, Narendra
2024–2025 Reviewers02-18-04-002511/28/2025
2024–2025 Reviewers
Sandu, Corina
Lumped Parameter Thermal Network for Automotive Components: Modeling, Simulation, System Identification, and Parameter Estimation2025-01-507811/28/2025
This research paper proposes a framework based on lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTN) to understand the system behavior of thermally stressed component spaces in automotive vehicles. LPTNs offer an energy-based, low-degree-of-freedom model that can represent arbitrary thermal systems inside automotive vehicles. The time response of these low-order models can be calculated using standard ordinary differential equation solvers. The paper showcases the modeling of LPTNs and the calculation of their time response by using an electronic control unit (ECU) of a BMW 7 series. The use of LPTNs instead of exponential functions reduced the MAE in this example by 60.5%. Furthermore, a system identification approach for experimental temperature curves has been developed and implemented. System identification aims to mathematically model system behavior and predict system output. This paper compares least-square estimation (LSE) with constrained minimization (CM), where CM has a higher MAE by
Kehe, Maximilian, Enke, Wolfram, Rottengruber, Hermann
2024–2025 Reviewers14-14-03-002311/28/2025
2024-2025 Reviewers
Onori, Simona
Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing (BJAM) ProcessAMS7022 (Current)11/26/2025
This specification establishes process controls for the repeatable production of sintered parts by binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM). It is primarily intended to be used to manufacture metallic or ceramic aerospace parts, but usage is not limited to such applications.
null, null
Metal Powder Feedstock Size ClassificationsAMS7025 (Current)11/26/2025
This specification covers particle size classifications and corresponding particle size distribution requirements for metal powder feedstock conforming to a classification.
null, null
Full-State Decoupling Motion Control Strategy for Distributed Vehicle via Bayesian Parameter Optimization10-10-01-000711/26/2025
With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are gradually replacing humans to perform tasks such as reconnaissance, target tracking, and search in special scenarios. Omnidirectional mobility based on rapid adjustment of vehicle heading posture enhances the applicability of UGVs in specialized scenarios. Omnidirectional mobility signifies the capability for rapid adjustments to the vehicle’s heading angle, longitudinal velocity, and lateral velocity. Traditional vehicles are constrained by the limitations of under-actuation, which prevents active regulation of lateral movement. Instead, they rely on the coordinated regulation of longitudinal and yaw movements, failing to meet the requirements for omnidirectional mobility. Distributed vehicles featuring steering distributed between the front/rear axles and four-wheel independent drive leverage the over-actuation advantages provided by multi-actuator coordinated control, making them
Chen, Guoying, Dong, Jiahao, Wang, Xinyu, Zhao, Xuanming, Bi, Chenxiao, Gao, Zhenhai, Zhang, Yanping, He, Rong
Safety Model for Battery Resistance Monitoring and Lifecycle Optimization2025-01-051511/25/2025
This work proposes a novel framework for evaluating the second- and third-life viability of lithium-ion battery packs through the development of the RISE Index—a comprehensive metric based on Resistance growth, Integrity, Safety, and End-of-life usability. While previous research focuses on singular indicators such as residual capacity or State of Health (SoH), these approaches lack a unified, safety-informed structure for reuse qualification. This paper distinguishes itself by integrating multiple aging indicators, including resistance evolution, degradation theory, and thermal safety considerations, into a consolidated decision-making tool designed for practical deployment. The novelty lies in the formulation of the RISE Index, which fuses empirical data with electrochemical degradation mechanisms such as SEI formation, lithium plating, calendar aging, and cycling-induced impedance growth. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) and Lithium
Prakashkumar, Balagopal
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS - Perfecting Solid-State Battery Production1350611/25/2025
When it comes to electrification, Honda has been focused on long-term strategy, emphasizing that the transition to EVs is a marathon, not a sprint. Recently, however, the company has been bullish on solid-state battery technology. By using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one, solid-state batteries offer advantages like higher energy density, reduced weight, and improved safety compared to liquid lithium-ion batteries. After perfecting the production of solid-state batteries in a lab environment, Honda is now focused on mass production. The company recently opened a test factory to produce battery packs for future EVs and to refine the production process. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Chris Martin, Technological Director of Communications, to discuss Honda's advancements in solid-state battery technology and the company's future plans for electrification. For more information on the evolution of
Hineman, Marcie
2024–2025 Reviewers12-08-04-003911/25/2025
2024–2025 Reviewers
Watzenig, Daniel, Fruehling, Terry
Cellular Energy Architecture to Secure Resilient Energy Supply for Critical Infrastructure2025-01-051611/25/2025
The introduction of renewable energy systems offers the opportunity to achieve energy self-sufficiency or autarky in addition to contributing towards carbon neutrality by reducing the dependency on energy logistics. Amidst growing geo-political conflicts and natural calamities, the scenario of energy shortage or disruption of energy logistics is a major threat, especially for Europe due to the significant reliance on import of primary energy. Achieving autarky, however, requires a distinction between energy consumers that need uninterrupted energy supply and consumers that could potentially be cut-off during energy shortages to avoid prohibitive costs resulting from oversizing the system. Critical infrastructure such as hospitals, communication systems, emergency services and key mobility nodes like fuelling stations and charging points needed to sustain the services provided by them, always need continuous energy supply. The architecture in current tools for optimising the design and
Vijay, Arjun, Thaler, Bernhard, Köcheler, Valentin, Oppl, Thomas, Trapp, Christian
Multi-Objective Optimization of Oxyfuel Gas Engine Using Stochastic Engine Model and Detailed Chemistry2025-01-052911/25/2025
The energy transition initiatives in Germany’s renown coal mining region Lusatia have driven research into Power-to-X-to-Power technologies, where synthetic fuel is produced from renewably sourced hydrogen and captured CO2, and converted to electricity and heat through oxyfuel combustion. This work investigates the multi-objective optimization of oxyfuel gas engine using a stochastic engine model and detailed chemistry. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, initial cylinder temperature and pressure, spark timing, piston bowl radius and depth are selected as design parameters to minimize the exhaust temperature at exhaust valve opening and indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) corresponding to oxyfuel operation with different dry and wet EGR rates. The optimization problem is solved for a dry EGR and four wet EGR cases with various CO2/H2O fractions, aiming to achieve comparable performance as in conventional natural gas / air operation, and energy-efficient carbon capture. The
Asgarzade, Rufat, Franken, Tim, Mauss, Fabian
Simulative Temperature Determination of an Electric Machine from Test Bench Tests2025-01-052011/25/2025
One of the most important components of an electric vehicle is the drive motor. Induction motors are often used for this purpose. During operation of these motors, power loss occurs, especially at high speeds. This power loss corresponds, among other things, to the sum of winding losses, iron core losses and mechanical losses. The power losses generate heat, which causes the temperature in the rotor and stator to rise. The increase in temperature of the components inside the motor can lead to premature wear and fatigue failure. To prevent overheating, the motors are air- or water-cooled. Water cooling can be achieved, for example, by means of jacket cooling. Here, the heat generated is dissipated directly by forced convection. However, the cooling jacket makes it difficult to determine the temperature inside the motor. Determining these temperatures is necessary to protect the motor from premature fatigue. The temperatures inside the motor during operation are of particular interest
Schamberger, Stephanie, Reuss, Hans-Christian
Ammonia Combustion with Active Pre-Chamber Spark Plug - A CO 2 -Free Combustion Process2025-01-052711/25/2025
As a zero-carbon fuel, ammonia has the potential to completely defossilize combustion engines. Due to the inert nitrogen present in the molecule, ammonia is difficult to ignite or burn. Even if the ammonia can be successfully ignited, combustion will be very slow and there is a risk of flame quenching, i.e. the flame going out before the ammonia-air mixture has been almost completely converted. Both the difficult flammability and the slow combustion result in high ammonia slip, which should be avoided at all costs. The engine efficiency is also greatly reduced. Safe ignition and burn-through can be achieved by drastically increasing the ignition energy and/or using a reaction accelerator such as hydrogen. The planned paper will use detailed 1D and 3D CFD calculations to show how high the potential of ammonia combustion in an internal combustion engine is when an active pre-chamber is used as the ignition system. As a result of the flame jets penetrating into the main combustion chamber
Sens, Marc, von Roemer, Lorenz, Rieß, Michael, Fandakov, Alexander, Casal Kulzer, Andre